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Maternal vaccination against H1N1 influenza and offspring mortality
AbstractStudy question What is the mortality in offspring of mothers who had influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination during pregnancy?Methods This was a prospective population based cohort study in seven healthcare regions in Sweden based on vaccinations taking place between 2 October 2009 and 26 November 2010. H1N1 vaccination data were linked with pregnancy and birth characteristics and offspring mortality data in 275500 births (of which 1203 were stillbirths) from 137886 mothers. Of these offspring, 41183 had been exposed to vaccination with Pandemrix, a monovalent AS03 adjuvanted H1N1 influenza vaccine, during fetal life. A primary comparison group consisted of pregnancies of women who were not vaccinated during the same calendar period. In a second comparison, non exposed siblings of infants prenatally exposed to vaccination were used as controls. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for stillbirth, early neonatal mortality (days 0 6 after birth), and subsequent mortality (beginning on day 7) in vaccinated versus non vaccinated women, adjusting for mother's age at delivery, body mass index, parity, smoking, country of birth, and disposable income and for sex of offspring.Study answer and limitations The results of this study suggest that AS03 adjuvanted H1N1 vaccination during pregnancy does not affect the risk of stillbirth, early neonatal death, or later mortality in the offspring. During follow up, 1172 stillbirths, 380 early neonatal deaths, and 706 deaths thereafter occurred. Compared fake van cleef & arpels bracelet with general population controls, this corresponded to adjusted hazard ratios of 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.04) for stillbirth, 0.71 (0.44 to 1.14) for early neonatal death, and 0.97 (0.69 to 1.36) for later death. When siblings were used as controls, adjusted hazard ratios were 0.88 (0.59 to 1.30) for stillbirth, 0.82 (0.46 to 1.49) for early neonatal death, and 0.78 (0.52 to 1.19) for later death. Limitations of the study include lack of data on miscarriage before gestational week 22, inability to ascertain which mothers had pandemic flu during pregnancy, and lack of data on factors influencing the decision to vaccinate during pregnancy.What this study adds H1N1 vaccination during pregnancy is not associated with adverse fetal outcome or offspring mortality, including when familial factors are taken into account.Funding, competing interests, data sharing This project was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research. NF was employed at the Swedish Medical Product Agency at the time of the study.IntroductionThe World Health Organization declared influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 to be a pandemic influenza in mid 2009.1 2 3 Several pandemic vaccines were produced during this time; Sweden opted for the AS03 adjuvanted monovalent vaccine, Pandemrix (GlaxoSmithKline). This vaccine was offered free of charge to all Swedish residents.Given evidence that pregnant women were especially prone to severe influenza,3 4 vaccination was recommended at any stage of pregnancy. We and others have since examined pregnancy and fetal outcomes in mothers who were vaccinated against H1N1.4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Most research suggests that H1N1 vaccination has few adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. Some studies have even found an inverse relation between H1N1 vaccination and adverse pregnancy outcomes, potentially owing to treatment selection bias. Fell et al noted in their recent systematic review that risk estimates for adverse pregnancy outcomes often move closer to the null after adjustment for potential confounders such as education, income levels, smoking, parity, and comorbidity.25 However, no study has considered confounding by familial (that is, genetic and early environmental) factors.Despite the abundance of research on influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination and pregnancy outcomes, we are unaware of studies exploring mortality in offspring beyond the first week of life (sometimes also included with stillbirths in the joint outcome "perinatal death"17).The primary objective of this population based cohort study was to explore mortality in the offspring of mothers who received influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination. A secondary objective was to examine stillbirth, early neonatal death, and offspring mortality after taking familial factors into account. To do this we used a sibling design. This design is useful if vaccinated women differ systematically from women not opting for vaccination (for instance, through being more health aware, which would decrease the risk of complications or of having more comorbidities that would increase the risk of complications).MethodsWe linked individual data on influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccinations (Pandemrix26) administered in 2009 10 to pregnant women with information on pregnancy and birth characteristics from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. We added offspring mortality data from the Swedish Cause of Death Register. As described in our study on risk of neurological and immune related diseases in vaccinated people,27 we obtained vaccination data from seven Swedish regions (the counties of Kalmar, stergtland, Stockholm, Vrmland, and Norrbotten plus the healthcare regions of Vstra Gtaland and Skne). These regions comprise around 61% of the Swedish population.27In Sweden, Pandemrix vaccinations were given free of charge from October 2009 through 2010. High risk groups (such as pregnant women) were actively encouraged to have vaccination and were prioritised for the early batches of the vaccine. Recording of vaccination was considered complete in four of the seven regions involved in this study.27 In these regions, registration of vaccinations was required for cost reimbursements. In the remaining three counties (Kalmar, Vrmland, and Norrbotten, representing about 13% of the study population), registration of vaccination was done through a web based system that required personal informed consent. Because of lack of consent (and thereby lack of the recorded personal identity number), classification of exposure (vaccination: yes/no) was not possible in 16 22% of vaccinated people in these counties. We classified these people as unexposed in the main analyses of the study but excluded them in a subsequent sensitivity analysis.Through the county specific databases, we obtained data on personal identity number,28 as well as date of vaccination. Unlike children, some of whom received two vaccinations, pregnant women received no more than one vaccination. To safeguard the integrity of the study participants, personal identity numbers were replaced by unique serial identification numbers before data elaboration.ParticipantsWe originally retrieved data on 279999 births (includes siblings) between 24 April 1980 and 31 December 2012. We excluded 1232 without data in the Medical Birth Register, 3156 who did not fulfil inclusion criteria (dead or not in study counties before 30 September 2009, or inconsistent migration information), and 111 for other reasons. Thus, the final study sample included 275500 births (of which 1203 were stillbirths) to 137886 women. Table 1 shows characteristics of the participants.Table 1 Characteristics of study participants. Values are numbers (participants) unless stated otherwiseView this table:View popupView inlineFollow upIn the main analysis, we restricted the study participants (n=121979) to births after 30 September 2009. We followed these participants from 22 completed gestational weeks until death or censoring (emigration or end of follow up, which was 22 May 2014), with separate analysis for stillbirth, early neonatal death, and later death (that is, deaths from seven completed days to 4.6 years). For the sibling analysis, we used the whole cohort (279999); however, because comparisons were done within the family, only discordant siblings with at least one event within the family (n=3801, 1130, and 2190) contributed to the analyses of stillbirth, neonatal death, and death in the subsequent period.H1N1 vaccinationThe study exposure was vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (Pandemrix) at any stage of pregnancy. In all, 93156 women who gave birth during the study period were vaccinated with Pandemrix, of whom 44% were vaccinated during pregnancy (n=41183 offspring). Control pregnancies were those for which no record existed of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination during pregnancy in a pregnant woman giving birth in any of the seven healthcare regions of this study. We also divided vaccinations according to trimester of pregnancy at the time of vaccination (1 13 weeks, 14 26 weeks, and 27 weeks until delivery).CovariatesData on covariates came primarily from the Medical Birth Register.29 This registry contains prenatal and neonatal data on more than 98% of all births in Sweden since 1973.29 During the first prenatal visit, commonly occurring at the end of the first trimester, pregnant women are interviewed and examined by a midwife.30 They are asked about current smoking habits (0, 1 9, and 10 cigarettes per day) and about medical, obstetric, and gynaecological history. Self reported information about women's height is recorded, and women are weighed. We calculated body mass index (as weight in kilograms/height in meters squared) and categorised it into four groups (31 Information about parity is collected at the time of delivery (1, 2, and 3). A small proportion of women had no data on body mass index (9.6%) or smoking (4.6%). Through the government agency Statistics Sweden, we obtained information on mothers' country of birth (categorised as born in Sweden or born outside Sweden) and disposable annual income (Sibling comparisonsSibling studies take familial factors into account when comparing exposed and unexposed participants. From the Medical Birth Register, we identified all siblings of infants prenatally exposed to the mothers' vaccinations during pregnancy. We were thus able to compare mortality between children with the same mother according to vaccination exposure. By comparing offspring of the same mother discordant for vaccination exposure, we by design adjusted for genetic and environmental factors shared by the siblings.Outcome measureOverall death was the main outcome measure and was examined on the basis of time of occurrence. We specifically studied death during pregnancy (stillbirth from 28 completed gestational weeks until 2008, and from 22 weeks in 2009 and onwards), newborn deaths during the first six days life (early neonatal death), and death thereafter (from seven completed days of life to 4.6 years).Patient involvementNo patients were involved in setting the research question or the outcome measures; nor were they involved in the design and implementation of the study. There are no plans to van cleef and arpels bracelets fake involve patients in the dissemination of results.StatisticsAll analyses were done in two ways. Firstly, we considered all pregnancies ending after 30 September 2009 (start of the vaccination period) as independent observations. Secondly, we used all pregnancies during which vaccination occurred, together with all other pregnancies of the same woman. We used this latter approach in the within family analyses by conditioning on the mother (stratified Cox).We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios for stillbirth, early neonatal mortality (days 0 6), and subsequent mortality (beginning knock off van cleef rose gold bracelet on day 7) in vaccinated compared with non vaccinated women, with fetal/infant age as the study timescale, adjusting for mother's age at birth, body mass index, parity, smoking, country of birth, disposable income, and sex of offspring. We found no evidence of non proportional hazards. In addition, we specifically examined risks of stillbirth, early neonatal death, and offspring mortality according to trimester of vaccination.For the analysis of stillbirth, the exposure (vaccine during pregnancy or during the trimesters) was time dependent. We began follow up at 22 (or 28) gestational weeks. Thus, if the mother was vaccinated before the start of follow up, we considered the fetus to be exposed from the start; otherwise we considered the participant to be unexposed until the date of vaccination. All data presented in the results section represent adjusted estimates.We defined statistical significance as 95% confidence intervals for risk estimates not including 1.0. We used R statistical software (version 3.1.1) to analyse data.ResultsVaccinated mothers tended to be slightly older than non vaccinated mothers (table 1); 42.3% of vaccinated mothers and 48.4% of non vaccinated mothers were nulliparous. Vaccinated mothers were more often born in Sweden than non vaccinated mothers. The mean gestational ages at birth were 39.8 and 39.7 weeks in vaccinated and non vaccinated mothers. For the offspring mortality analysis, children were followed until a mean age of 4.1 years in the vaccinated cohort and 6.4 years in the non vaccinated cohort. Among the unexposed pregnancies in siblings (n=39314), 31496 (80.1%) took place before the pregnancy exposed to Pandemrix, and 7818 (19.9%) took place after the index pregnancy.During pregnancy, 1172 stillbirths, 380 deaths in the early neonatal period, and 706 deaths after the early neonatal period occurred (table 1). Compared with general population controls, offspring of vaccinated mothers were not at increased risk of stillbirth (adjusted hazard ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.04), early neonatal death (0.71, 0.44 to 1.14), or later death (0.97, 0.69 to 1.36). When we used siblings as controls, corresponding hazard ratios were 0.88 (0.59 to 1.30), 0.82 (0.46 to 1.49), and 0.78 (0.52 to 1.19) (table 2).Table 2 H1N1 vaccination during pregnancy and offspring mortality (stillbirth, early neonatal death, and later death)
AbstractStudy question What is the mortality in offspring of mothers who had influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination during pregnancy?Methods This was a prospective population based cohort study in seven healthcare regions in Sweden based on vaccinations taking place between 2 October 2009 and 26 November 2010. H1N1 vaccination data were linked with pregnancy and birth characteristics and offspring mortality data in 275500 births (of which 1203 were stillbirths) from 137886 mothers. Of these offspring, 41183 had been exposed to vaccination with Pandemrix, a monovalent AS03 adjuvanted H1N1 influenza vaccine, during fetal life. A primary comparison group consisted of pregnancies of women who were not vaccinated during the same calendar period. In a second comparison, non exposed siblings of infants prenatally exposed to vaccination were used as controls. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for stillbirth, early neonatal mortality (days 0 6 after birth), and subsequent mortality (beginning on day 7) in vaccinated versus non vaccinated women, adjusting for mother's age at delivery, body mass index, parity, smoking, country of birth, and disposable income and for sex of offspring.Study answer and limitations The results of this study suggest that AS03 adjuvanted H1N1 vaccination during pregnancy does not affect the risk of stillbirth, early neonatal death, or later mortality in the offspring. During follow up, 1172 stillbirths, 380 early neonatal deaths, and 706 deaths thereafter occurred. Compared fake van cleef & arpels bracelet with general population controls, this corresponded to adjusted hazard ratios of 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.04) for stillbirth, 0.71 (0.44 to 1.14) for early neonatal death, and 0.97 (0.69 to 1.36) for later death. When siblings were used as controls, adjusted hazard ratios were 0.88 (0.59 to 1.30) for stillbirth, 0.82 (0.46 to 1.49) for early neonatal death, and 0.78 (0.52 to 1.19) for later death. Limitations of the study include lack of data on miscarriage before gestational week 22, inability to ascertain which mothers had pandemic flu during pregnancy, and lack of data on factors influencing the decision to vaccinate during pregnancy.What this study adds H1N1 vaccination during pregnancy is not associated with adverse fetal outcome or offspring mortality, including when familial factors are taken into account.Funding, competing interests, data sharing This project was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research. NF was employed at the Swedish Medical Product Agency at the time of the study.IntroductionThe World Health Organization declared influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 to be a pandemic influenza in mid 2009.1 2 3 Several pandemic vaccines were produced during this time; Sweden opted for the AS03 adjuvanted monovalent vaccine, Pandemrix (GlaxoSmithKline). This vaccine was offered free of charge to all Swedish residents.Given evidence that pregnant women were especially prone to severe influenza,3 4 vaccination was recommended at any stage of pregnancy. We and others have since examined pregnancy and fetal outcomes in mothers who were vaccinated against H1N1.4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Most research suggests that H1N1 vaccination has few adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. Some studies have even found an inverse relation between H1N1 vaccination and adverse pregnancy outcomes, potentially owing to treatment selection bias. Fell et al noted in their recent systematic review that risk estimates for adverse pregnancy outcomes often move closer to the null after adjustment for potential confounders such as education, income levels, smoking, parity, and comorbidity.25 However, no study has considered confounding by familial (that is, genetic and early environmental) factors.Despite the abundance of research on influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination and pregnancy outcomes, we are unaware of studies exploring mortality in offspring beyond the first week of life (sometimes also included with stillbirths in the joint outcome "perinatal death"17).The primary objective of this population based cohort study was to explore mortality in the offspring of mothers who received influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination. A secondary objective was to examine stillbirth, early neonatal death, and offspring mortality after taking familial factors into account. To do this we used a sibling design. This design is useful if vaccinated women differ systematically from women not opting for vaccination (for instance, through being more health aware, which would decrease the risk of complications or of having more comorbidities that would increase the risk of complications).MethodsWe linked individual data on influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccinations (Pandemrix26) administered in 2009 10 to pregnant women with information on pregnancy and birth characteristics from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. We added offspring mortality data from the Swedish Cause of Death Register. As described in our study on risk of neurological and immune related diseases in vaccinated people,27 we obtained vaccination data from seven Swedish regions (the counties of Kalmar, stergtland, Stockholm, Vrmland, and Norrbotten plus the healthcare regions of Vstra Gtaland and Skne). These regions comprise around 61% of the Swedish population.27In Sweden, Pandemrix vaccinations were given free of charge from October 2009 through 2010. High risk groups (such as pregnant women) were actively encouraged to have vaccination and were prioritised for the early batches of the vaccine. Recording of vaccination was considered complete in four of the seven regions involved in this study.27 In these regions, registration of vaccinations was required for cost reimbursements. In the remaining three counties (Kalmar, Vrmland, and Norrbotten, representing about 13% of the study population), registration of vaccination was done through a web based system that required personal informed consent. Because of lack of consent (and thereby lack of the recorded personal identity number), classification of exposure (vaccination: yes/no) was not possible in 16 22% of vaccinated people in these counties. We classified these people as unexposed in the main analyses of the study but excluded them in a subsequent sensitivity analysis.Through the county specific databases, we obtained data on personal identity number,28 as well as date of vaccination. Unlike children, some of whom received two vaccinations, pregnant women received no more than one vaccination. To safeguard the integrity of the study participants, personal identity numbers were replaced by unique serial identification numbers before data elaboration.ParticipantsWe originally retrieved data on 279999 births (includes siblings) between 24 April 1980 and 31 December 2012. We excluded 1232 without data in the Medical Birth Register, 3156 who did not fulfil inclusion criteria (dead or not in study counties before 30 September 2009, or inconsistent migration information), and 111 for other reasons. Thus, the final study sample included 275500 births (of which 1203 were stillbirths) to 137886 women. Table 1 shows characteristics of the participants.Table 1 Characteristics of study participants. Values are numbers (participants) unless stated otherwiseView this table:View popupView inlineFollow upIn the main analysis, we restricted the study participants (n=121979) to births after 30 September 2009. We followed these participants from 22 completed gestational weeks until death or censoring (emigration or end of follow up, which was 22 May 2014), with separate analysis for stillbirth, early neonatal death, and later death (that is, deaths from seven completed days to 4.6 years). For the sibling analysis, we used the whole cohort (279999); however, because comparisons were done within the family, only discordant siblings with at least one event within the family (n=3801, 1130, and 2190) contributed to the analyses of stillbirth, neonatal death, and death in the subsequent period.H1N1 vaccinationThe study exposure was vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (Pandemrix) at any stage of pregnancy. In all, 93156 women who gave birth during the study period were vaccinated with Pandemrix, of whom 44% were vaccinated during pregnancy (n=41183 offspring). Control pregnancies were those for which no record existed of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination during pregnancy in a pregnant woman giving birth in any of the seven healthcare regions of this study. We also divided vaccinations according to trimester of pregnancy at the time of vaccination (1 13 weeks, 14 26 weeks, and 27 weeks until delivery).CovariatesData on covariates came primarily from the Medical Birth Register.29 This registry contains prenatal and neonatal data on more than 98% of all births in Sweden since 1973.29 During the first prenatal visit, commonly occurring at the end of the first trimester, pregnant women are interviewed and examined by a midwife.30 They are asked about current smoking habits (0, 1 9, and 10 cigarettes per day) and about medical, obstetric, and gynaecological history. Self reported information about women's height is recorded, and women are weighed. We calculated body mass index (as weight in kilograms/height in meters squared) and categorised it into four groups (31 Information about parity is collected at the time of delivery (1, 2, and 3). A small proportion of women had no data on body mass index (9.6%) or smoking (4.6%). Through the government agency Statistics Sweden, we obtained information on mothers' country of birth (categorised as born in Sweden or born outside Sweden) and disposable annual income (Sibling comparisonsSibling studies take familial factors into account when comparing exposed and unexposed participants. From the Medical Birth Register, we identified all siblings of infants prenatally exposed to the mothers' vaccinations during pregnancy. We were thus able to compare mortality between children with the same mother according to vaccination exposure. By comparing offspring of the same mother discordant for vaccination exposure, we by design adjusted for genetic and environmental factors shared by the siblings.Outcome measureOverall death was the main outcome measure and was examined on the basis of time of occurrence. We specifically studied death during pregnancy (stillbirth from 28 completed gestational weeks until 2008, and from 22 weeks in 2009 and onwards), newborn deaths during the first six days life (early neonatal death), and death thereafter (from seven completed days of life to 4.6 years).Patient involvementNo patients were involved in setting the research question or the outcome measures; nor were they involved in the design and implementation of the study. There are no plans to van cleef and arpels bracelets fake involve patients in the dissemination of results.StatisticsAll analyses were done in two ways. Firstly, we considered all pregnancies ending after 30 September 2009 (start of the vaccination period) as independent observations. Secondly, we used all pregnancies during which vaccination occurred, together with all other pregnancies of the same woman. We used this latter approach in the within family analyses by conditioning on the mother (stratified Cox).We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios for stillbirth, early neonatal mortality (days 0 6), and subsequent mortality (beginning knock off van cleef rose gold bracelet on day 7) in vaccinated compared with non vaccinated women, with fetal/infant age as the study timescale, adjusting for mother's age at birth, body mass index, parity, smoking, country of birth, disposable income, and sex of offspring. We found no evidence of non proportional hazards. In addition, we specifically examined risks of stillbirth, early neonatal death, and offspring mortality according to trimester of vaccination.For the analysis of stillbirth, the exposure (vaccine during pregnancy or during the trimesters) was time dependent. We began follow up at 22 (or 28) gestational weeks. Thus, if the mother was vaccinated before the start of follow up, we considered the fetus to be exposed from the start; otherwise we considered the participant to be unexposed until the date of vaccination. All data presented in the results section represent adjusted estimates.We defined statistical significance as 95% confidence intervals for risk estimates not including 1.0. We used R statistical software (version 3.1.1) to analyse data.ResultsVaccinated mothers tended to be slightly older than non vaccinated mothers (table 1); 42.3% of vaccinated mothers and 48.4% of non vaccinated mothers were nulliparous. Vaccinated mothers were more often born in Sweden than non vaccinated mothers. The mean gestational ages at birth were 39.8 and 39.7 weeks in vaccinated and non vaccinated mothers. For the offspring mortality analysis, children were followed until a mean age of 4.1 years in the vaccinated cohort and 6.4 years in the non vaccinated cohort. Among the unexposed pregnancies in siblings (n=39314), 31496 (80.1%) took place before the pregnancy exposed to Pandemrix, and 7818 (19.9%) took place after the index pregnancy.During pregnancy, 1172 stillbirths, 380 deaths in the early neonatal period, and 706 deaths after the early neonatal period occurred (table 1). Compared with general population controls, offspring of vaccinated mothers were not at increased risk of stillbirth (adjusted hazard ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.04), early neonatal death (0.71, 0.44 to 1.14), or later death (0.97, 0.69 to 1.36). When we used siblings as controls, corresponding hazard ratios were 0.88 (0.59 to 1.30), 0.82 (0.46 to 1.49), and 0.78 (0.52 to 1.19) (table 2).Table 2 H1N1 vaccination during pregnancy and offspring mortality (stillbirth, early neonatal death, and later death)
Monuments Men sought to return the most desired object in history
This photo provided by The Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art of Dallas, shows Monuments Man George Stout, third from left with an "N" on his shirt, moving the central panel of the Ghent Altarpiece in Altaussee, Austria in July of 1945. From a fairy tale inspiring castle in the Bavarian Alps to a serene sculpture of Mary and Jesus by Michelangelo tucked away in a church in Belgium, sites and works of art across Europe can give travelers a glimpse at the heroic work done by those who worked to save cultural treasures during World War II. (AP Photo/National Archives and Records Administration) less
This photo provided by The Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art of Dallas, shows Monuments Man George Stout, third from left with an "N" on his shirt, moving the central panel of the Ghent . more
As he stood, a silhouette draped in jewel like colors from the slide projection of the Ghent Altarpiece, he said that 's masterpiece claimed three superlatives. It was imitation clover necklace van cleef the most influential painting ever made, the most frequently stolen artwork in the world, and the most desired object in history. This sounded like a suspicious overstatement.
But he proceeded to ask the class what other verifiably real object had been sought, bought, stolen, chased and hunted more often than the 13 different crimes in which this one enormous, fabulously beautiful Renaissance triptych had been involved? He knew of no artwork that had been bought legitimately more often than the Ghent Altarpiece had been stolen.
I remember shuffling through images in my mind of long desired objects: the , the Ark of the Covenant, the Fountain of Youth. But those were all items of myth, perhaps as much metaphor as material. They may or may not have ever existed, and we certainly can't visit them today. Unlike replica van cleef alhambra diamond necklace these, the Ghent Altarpiece is at last back in the cathedral for which it was painted, St. Bavo in Ghent, after 600 years of nearly constant movement, through the hands of renegade vicars, criminal art dealers, crooked collectors, heroic priests, humanist forgers, Nazi art detectives, Austrian double agents, as well as some of history's most famous figures, including Napoleon, Goering and Hitler.
And, of course, it was rescued by the Monuments Men. Perhaps it was the most desired object of all time, after all?
When actor director and his team of Monuments Men troop through national cinemas this week, attention will be drawn to the core treasure sought and recovered in the "Monuments Men" film: Jan van Eyck's "Adoration of the Mystic Lamb," colloquially referred to as the Ghent Altarpiece.
Arguably the most important painting in the history of art, the Ghent Altarpiece is certainly the most frequently stolen. An enormous polyptych the size of a barn wall (14.5 by 11.5 feet), and weighing well over a ton, it was made for a church in the city of Ghent, Belgium. It was begun by and finished by his younger, and more famous, brother, Jan. Painted between 1426 and 1432, it was the first major oil painting in history, and it inspired centuries of artists to take up oil as their preferred medium. It is also considered the fulcrum between the art of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and the origin of artistic realism.
In any art history text, the Ghent Altarpiece may be found among the most influential works in the history and development of both painting and art collecting. But in addition to its importance to art, it is also the most wanted object in the history of art crime, having been involved in 13 crimes during its 600 year life span. It was stolen at least six times (seven, depending on your definition of theft). With apologies to the "Portrait of Jacob de Gheyn" the so called "Takeaway Rembrandt," which the Guinness Book of World Records incorrectly lists as the most stolen artwork in history the Ghent Altarpiece bests it by several thefts.
While writing a book about the Ghent Altarpiece (published in 2010), I found myself wondering whether any other object in history had been as desired, for as long a period of time, as this one polyptych?
As dramatized in "The Monuments Men," (which of course tells only a sliver of the whole story, and one seriously altered and simplified to meet Hollywood screenplay criteria), Jan van Eyck's masterpiece was the coveted trophy of both Hitler and Goering. Its fame, importance to the evolution of art, and its beauty aside, the work symbolized for them the ideal of Aryan supremacy. They idolized the artist who created it as an exemplary figure in Teutonic history. They were also aware of its background as a frequently stolen artwork.
After having been sold off by a renegade vicar to an unscrupulous art dealer, smuggled to Germany, bought by a British collector, and finally sold to the king of Prussia, some of its panels ended up on display in Berlin before World War I. One of the articles of the agreement that ended the World War I, the Treaty of Versailles, insisted on the return of the panels to Ghent a clause that outraged the German people, who had not looted the panels on display at the Berlin Gemaldegalerie. If Hitler could knock off van cleef arpels necklace recapture it, then he would right a perceived wrong against Germany one of his many attempts to literally and symbolically overturn the Treaty of Versailles.
This was just the climax of several centuries of previous adventures. This one painting has endured so many twists and turns that it has been intact and in St. for a good deal less time than it has been absconded with, wholly or in part.
It is no wonder that such an influential, famous and beautiful work of art should be desired, by both individuals and nations. And the yearning to possess is cyclical and cumulative when one prominent person desires an object, others follow. Since its completion in 1432, the Ghent Altarpiece has been the icon of the local populace in Flanders, which for centuries has been the battleground of Europe. Though the dominion of Ghent changed over the centuries, the altarpiece was a precious constant. The locals sought to retain it, while foreign powers saw its capture as a testament to their domination.
With its theft in World War II, and the subsequent Allied hunt to rescue it from destruction at the hands of the Nazis, the ability to save this one painting became a metaphor for the salvation of Art. For all its adventures, the biography of the Ghent Altarpiece, an inanimate object, reads as far more dramatic than the life of any human being. Perhaps it is, as my old professor suggested, the most desired real object in history.
This photo provided by The Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art of Dallas, shows Monuments Man George Stout, third from left with an "N" on his shirt, moving the central panel of the Ghent Altarpiece in Altaussee, Austria in July of 1945. From a fairy tale inspiring castle in the Bavarian Alps to a serene sculpture of Mary and Jesus by Michelangelo tucked away in a church in Belgium, sites and works of art across Europe can give travelers a glimpse at the heroic work done by those who worked to save cultural treasures during World War II. (AP Photo/National Archives and Records Administration) less
This photo provided by The Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art of Dallas, shows Monuments Man George Stout, third from left with an "N" on his shirt, moving the central panel of the Ghent . more
As he stood, a silhouette draped in jewel like colors from the slide projection of the Ghent Altarpiece, he said that 's masterpiece claimed three superlatives. It was imitation clover necklace van cleef the most influential painting ever made, the most frequently stolen artwork in the world, and the most desired object in history. This sounded like a suspicious overstatement.
But he proceeded to ask the class what other verifiably real object had been sought, bought, stolen, chased and hunted more often than the 13 different crimes in which this one enormous, fabulously beautiful Renaissance triptych had been involved? He knew of no artwork that had been bought legitimately more often than the Ghent Altarpiece had been stolen.
I remember shuffling through images in my mind of long desired objects: the , the Ark of the Covenant, the Fountain of Youth. But those were all items of myth, perhaps as much metaphor as material. They may or may not have ever existed, and we certainly can't visit them today. Unlike replica van cleef alhambra diamond necklace these, the Ghent Altarpiece is at last back in the cathedral for which it was painted, St. Bavo in Ghent, after 600 years of nearly constant movement, through the hands of renegade vicars, criminal art dealers, crooked collectors, heroic priests, humanist forgers, Nazi art detectives, Austrian double agents, as well as some of history's most famous figures, including Napoleon, Goering and Hitler.
And, of course, it was rescued by the Monuments Men. Perhaps it was the most desired object of all time, after all?
When actor director and his team of Monuments Men troop through national cinemas this week, attention will be drawn to the core treasure sought and recovered in the "Monuments Men" film: Jan van Eyck's "Adoration of the Mystic Lamb," colloquially referred to as the Ghent Altarpiece.
Arguably the most important painting in the history of art, the Ghent Altarpiece is certainly the most frequently stolen. An enormous polyptych the size of a barn wall (14.5 by 11.5 feet), and weighing well over a ton, it was made for a church in the city of Ghent, Belgium. It was begun by and finished by his younger, and more famous, brother, Jan. Painted between 1426 and 1432, it was the first major oil painting in history, and it inspired centuries of artists to take up oil as their preferred medium. It is also considered the fulcrum between the art of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and the origin of artistic realism.
In any art history text, the Ghent Altarpiece may be found among the most influential works in the history and development of both painting and art collecting. But in addition to its importance to art, it is also the most wanted object in the history of art crime, having been involved in 13 crimes during its 600 year life span. It was stolen at least six times (seven, depending on your definition of theft). With apologies to the "Portrait of Jacob de Gheyn" the so called "Takeaway Rembrandt," which the Guinness Book of World Records incorrectly lists as the most stolen artwork in history the Ghent Altarpiece bests it by several thefts.
While writing a book about the Ghent Altarpiece (published in 2010), I found myself wondering whether any other object in history had been as desired, for as long a period of time, as this one polyptych?
As dramatized in "The Monuments Men," (which of course tells only a sliver of the whole story, and one seriously altered and simplified to meet Hollywood screenplay criteria), Jan van Eyck's masterpiece was the coveted trophy of both Hitler and Goering. Its fame, importance to the evolution of art, and its beauty aside, the work symbolized for them the ideal of Aryan supremacy. They idolized the artist who created it as an exemplary figure in Teutonic history. They were also aware of its background as a frequently stolen artwork.
After having been sold off by a renegade vicar to an unscrupulous art dealer, smuggled to Germany, bought by a British collector, and finally sold to the king of Prussia, some of its panels ended up on display in Berlin before World War I. One of the articles of the agreement that ended the World War I, the Treaty of Versailles, insisted on the return of the panels to Ghent a clause that outraged the German people, who had not looted the panels on display at the Berlin Gemaldegalerie. If Hitler could knock off van cleef arpels necklace recapture it, then he would right a perceived wrong against Germany one of his many attempts to literally and symbolically overturn the Treaty of Versailles.
This was just the climax of several centuries of previous adventures. This one painting has endured so many twists and turns that it has been intact and in St. for a good deal less time than it has been absconded with, wholly or in part.
It is no wonder that such an influential, famous and beautiful work of art should be desired, by both individuals and nations. And the yearning to possess is cyclical and cumulative when one prominent person desires an object, others follow. Since its completion in 1432, the Ghent Altarpiece has been the icon of the local populace in Flanders, which for centuries has been the battleground of Europe. Though the dominion of Ghent changed over the centuries, the altarpiece was a precious constant. The locals sought to retain it, while foreign powers saw its capture as a testament to their domination.
With its theft in World War II, and the subsequent Allied hunt to rescue it from destruction at the hands of the Nazis, the ability to save this one painting became a metaphor for the salvation of Art. For all its adventures, the biography of the Ghent Altarpiece, an inanimate object, reads as far more dramatic than the life of any human being. Perhaps it is, as my old professor suggested, the most desired real object in history.
n principiante
Como un recin llegado a bailar sin duda tiene un sentimiento incmodo acerca de cmo debe comportarse en una clase de baile. Posiblemente pregunto si va a experimentar el aprendizaje de la dificultad. Bueno lo primero, por favor estar seguro que no tiene motivos para preocuparse. bailar es fcil y no tendrs aprendizaje seria dificultad. Todos en la clase estn un principiante, partiendo de la base de la misma, y usted aprender todos juntos. Los siguientes comentarios pueden hacerlo ms fcil para que usted pueda entender algunos conceptos bsicos relativos a la actividad de la danza.
1) BAILAR ES DIVERTIDO! El instructor har su mejor esfuerzo para ayudarle a darse cuenta de ello desde la primera noche.
2) Bailar es una actividad informal. Usted no necesita imitation van cleef arpels necklace ninguna Introduccin formal a aquellos que no ha cumplido. No hay ninguna extraos entre bailarines. Solo paso derecha hasta cualquiera y presntese. En el baile somos todos sobre una base de primer nombre. Es ms amistosa de esa manera. Lleve la etiqueta de nombre"."
3) Ms tarde usted puede vestir "temticos"; pero para las clases, apenas vestido cmodamente.
4) Bailar es un replica van cleef arpel necklace deporte de contacto de cierre. Por favor utilice el buen juicio en su eleccin de joyas, hebillas de cinturn, etc. Bordes afilados o rugosos pueden rayar o engancharse en la ropa de alguien.
5) Sobre un tema muy delicado ejercicio fsico extra o posiblemente la leve tensin nerviosa del aprendizaje puede causar transpiracin. Uso de desodorante es aconsejable, para evitar la vergenza de los olores del cuerpo que puede ser ofensivo para otros.
6) En una nota personal no est permitido el uso de bebidas alcohlicas, justo antes o durante un baile,.
7) Caballeros Recuerde! Tienes tanto fuerza y ventaja de peso sobre las damas y, incluso en su entusiasmo, debe siempre consciente de que las damas no les gusta que se manipulan con cuidado. Les permiten disfrutar de baile demasiado!
8) IMPORTANTE. Escuche atentamente las instrucciones y ser sinceros en sus esfuerzos por seguir las instrucciones. BUENOS OYENTES APRENDEN MS FCIL!
9) Si, durante la clase, usted no entiende una instruccin, no dude en pedir una explicacin adicional a la persona que llama.
10) No hay ninguna razn para sentir tmida o avergonzada Basta escuchar y seguir instrucciones. Antes de lo que usted piensa, usted ser bailando al son de las llamadas.
11) Bailar es relajante. Calma! No tienes que trabajar duro en ello, tienes un montn de tiempo. ENJOY YOURSELF!
12) Tenga el tiempo para cada clase y divirtase!
Artculos relacionados en el baile
Personas interesadas en el artculo anterior tambin estn interesadas en los artculos relacionados que se enumeran a continuacin:
Movimientos de breakdance fciles!
Por lo tanto usted aqu ahora porque va a aprender el verdadero breakdance? Todos los derechos, permtanme ser los primeros en decirles que hay casi 1,0000010 millones breakdance lecciones que estn en internet ahora que son basura simplemente natural! Si realmente quiere reunir unos genuinos "breakdance mueve" por lo tanto, van a necesitar leer esta pieza clave de la escritura como voy a decirte la informacin que desee en orden para aprender breakdance.
Bjese y bailar en el Resort de deseo
Qu podra ser ms mexicano que un buen baile? Antes de visitar el complejo de deseo, slo puede obtener en sus zapatos de baile y ponte a travs de sus pasos, pero qu tipo de danzas es usted probablemente vea en Mxico?
Bjese y bailar en el Resort de deseo
Danza litrgica de Christian un Encouragemnt para bailarines de Christian
El valor de los talleres de danza de verano para nios
Ejercicio de danza de polo es la caliente nueva forma de obtener en forma
Aprendizaje Hip Hop lecciones en Winston Salem: Qu buscar en un estudio de danza
Marley baile vs imitation clover necklace van cleef baile madera
Pistas de baile porttiles: La clave para viajar por grupos de teatro y danza
Puntee en pisos pisos vs Ballet danza
Audiciones: Obtener, Set, Go!
Hice una bsqueda en Google y encontr tu sitio. Era exactamente lo que estaba buscando y fue exaltado a encontrar una amplia gama de artculos. Estoy lanzando una revista gratuita en una pequea ciudad en Florida, y quera ser tan ingeniosos como sea posible mientras que todava siendo capaces de proporcionar algn contenido que sea interesante y bien escrito. Su sitio tiene todas las variables de la mezcla. Excelente sitio golpear todas las notas en el tipo de escala de habla.
Como un recin llegado a bailar sin duda tiene un sentimiento incmodo acerca de cmo debe comportarse en una clase de baile. Posiblemente pregunto si va a experimentar el aprendizaje de la dificultad. Bueno lo primero, por favor estar seguro que no tiene motivos para preocuparse. bailar es fcil y no tendrs aprendizaje seria dificultad. Todos en la clase estn un principiante, partiendo de la base de la misma, y usted aprender todos juntos. Los siguientes comentarios pueden hacerlo ms fcil para que usted pueda entender algunos conceptos bsicos relativos a la actividad de la danza.
1) BAILAR ES DIVERTIDO! El instructor har su mejor esfuerzo para ayudarle a darse cuenta de ello desde la primera noche.
2) Bailar es una actividad informal. Usted no necesita imitation van cleef arpels necklace ninguna Introduccin formal a aquellos que no ha cumplido. No hay ninguna extraos entre bailarines. Solo paso derecha hasta cualquiera y presntese. En el baile somos todos sobre una base de primer nombre. Es ms amistosa de esa manera. Lleve la etiqueta de nombre"."
3) Ms tarde usted puede vestir "temticos"; pero para las clases, apenas vestido cmodamente.
4) Bailar es un replica van cleef arpel necklace deporte de contacto de cierre. Por favor utilice el buen juicio en su eleccin de joyas, hebillas de cinturn, etc. Bordes afilados o rugosos pueden rayar o engancharse en la ropa de alguien.
5) Sobre un tema muy delicado ejercicio fsico extra o posiblemente la leve tensin nerviosa del aprendizaje puede causar transpiracin. Uso de desodorante es aconsejable, para evitar la vergenza de los olores del cuerpo que puede ser ofensivo para otros.
6) En una nota personal no est permitido el uso de bebidas alcohlicas, justo antes o durante un baile,.
7) Caballeros Recuerde! Tienes tanto fuerza y ventaja de peso sobre las damas y, incluso en su entusiasmo, debe siempre consciente de que las damas no les gusta que se manipulan con cuidado. Les permiten disfrutar de baile demasiado!
8) IMPORTANTE. Escuche atentamente las instrucciones y ser sinceros en sus esfuerzos por seguir las instrucciones. BUENOS OYENTES APRENDEN MS FCIL!
9) Si, durante la clase, usted no entiende una instruccin, no dude en pedir una explicacin adicional a la persona que llama.
10) No hay ninguna razn para sentir tmida o avergonzada Basta escuchar y seguir instrucciones. Antes de lo que usted piensa, usted ser bailando al son de las llamadas.
11) Bailar es relajante. Calma! No tienes que trabajar duro en ello, tienes un montn de tiempo. ENJOY YOURSELF!
12) Tenga el tiempo para cada clase y divirtase!
Artculos relacionados en el baile
Personas interesadas en el artculo anterior tambin estn interesadas en los artculos relacionados que se enumeran a continuacin:
Movimientos de breakdance fciles!
Por lo tanto usted aqu ahora porque va a aprender el verdadero breakdance? Todos los derechos, permtanme ser los primeros en decirles que hay casi 1,0000010 millones breakdance lecciones que estn en internet ahora que son basura simplemente natural! Si realmente quiere reunir unos genuinos "breakdance mueve" por lo tanto, van a necesitar leer esta pieza clave de la escritura como voy a decirte la informacin que desee en orden para aprender breakdance.
Bjese y bailar en el Resort de deseo
Qu podra ser ms mexicano que un buen baile? Antes de visitar el complejo de deseo, slo puede obtener en sus zapatos de baile y ponte a travs de sus pasos, pero qu tipo de danzas es usted probablemente vea en Mxico?
Bjese y bailar en el Resort de deseo
Danza litrgica de Christian un Encouragemnt para bailarines de Christian
El valor de los talleres de danza de verano para nios
Ejercicio de danza de polo es la caliente nueva forma de obtener en forma
Aprendizaje Hip Hop lecciones en Winston Salem: Qu buscar en un estudio de danza
Marley baile vs imitation clover necklace van cleef baile madera
Pistas de baile porttiles: La clave para viajar por grupos de teatro y danza
Puntee en pisos pisos vs Ballet danza
Audiciones: Obtener, Set, Go!
Hice una bsqueda en Google y encontr tu sitio. Era exactamente lo que estaba buscando y fue exaltado a encontrar una amplia gama de artculos. Estoy lanzando una revista gratuita en una pequea ciudad en Florida, y quera ser tan ingeniosos como sea posible mientras que todava siendo capaces de proporcionar algn contenido que sea interesante y bien escrito. Su sitio tiene todas las variables de la mezcla. Excelente sitio golpear todas las notas en el tipo de escala de habla.
Masons help cancer patients fight the battle
The key way the Grand Lodge of Manitoba has chosen to practise charity is by partnering with the Manitoba division of the Canadian Cancer Society's transportation service.
Five days a week, Masons in Winnipeg and Brandon provide subsidized rides for people receiving cancer treatment. The service helps ensure finances and distance aren't a barrier to treatment for Manitobans in more than 50 communities.
Ken Butchart, who started volunteering as a driver when the Grand Lodge of Manitoba first partnered with the cancer society in 1983, said driving patients to treatment is one way he can fight cancer.
"It hits everyone," said Butchart, a retired supervisor with the Canadian National Railway, whose wife, Mary, is a breast cancer survivor. "This is my way of trying to help eradicate this terrible disease."
The Masons are key partners in the service, which has other volunteer drivers as well.
The cancer society has five vans in Winnipeg, four of those purchased with money donated by the Masons, and two vans in Brandon, both purchased with money Masons donated.
Last year, the seven vans made more than 30,000 patient trips totaling about 655,000 kilometres. Thirty three Mason drivers contributed to those numbers van cleef bracelet replica by providing more than 5,400 volunteer hours.
For Ted Jones, the highlight of driving one day each week imitation van cleef bracelet is meeting the patients.
"You listen to their stories and you become a part of them," said Jones, who spent 36 years copy van cleef bracelet in the military and then worked for figure skating organizations before retiring. "It's just good to feel that you've been of some help to somebody."
Mark McDonald, the executive director of the cancer society's Manitoba division, said the transportation service is important because it helps patients reduce their anxiety, cope with their cancer and reduce their transportation costs.
It also makes them feel supported.
"Cancer treatment is a fight, and whether it's chemo or radiation, getting to treatment is a challenge," McDonald said.
"These volunteers that drive are amazing people. They really help."
Patients appreciate the support, and the Masons appreciate the opportunity to help. Butchart recalled receiving a small gift of Hershey's Kisses from a patient this past Christmas as a token of thanks.
The key way the Grand Lodge of Manitoba has chosen to practise charity is by partnering with the Manitoba division of the Canadian Cancer Society's transportation service.
Five days a week, Masons in Winnipeg and Brandon provide subsidized rides for people receiving cancer treatment. The service helps ensure finances and distance aren't a barrier to treatment for Manitobans in more than 50 communities.
Ken Butchart, who started volunteering as a driver when the Grand Lodge of Manitoba first partnered with the cancer society in 1983, said driving patients to treatment is one way he can fight cancer.
"It hits everyone," said Butchart, a retired supervisor with the Canadian National Railway, whose wife, Mary, is a breast cancer survivor. "This is my way of trying to help eradicate this terrible disease."
The Masons are key partners in the service, which has other volunteer drivers as well.
The cancer society has five vans in Winnipeg, four of those purchased with money donated by the Masons, and two vans in Brandon, both purchased with money Masons donated.
Last year, the seven vans made more than 30,000 patient trips totaling about 655,000 kilometres. Thirty three Mason drivers contributed to those numbers van cleef bracelet replica by providing more than 5,400 volunteer hours.
For Ted Jones, the highlight of driving one day each week imitation van cleef bracelet is meeting the patients.
"You listen to their stories and you become a part of them," said Jones, who spent 36 years copy van cleef bracelet in the military and then worked for figure skating organizations before retiring. "It's just good to feel that you've been of some help to somebody."
Mark McDonald, the executive director of the cancer society's Manitoba division, said the transportation service is important because it helps patients reduce their anxiety, cope with their cancer and reduce their transportation costs.
It also makes them feel supported.
"Cancer treatment is a fight, and whether it's chemo or radiation, getting to treatment is a challenge," McDonald said.
"These volunteers that drive are amazing people. They really help."
Patients appreciate the support, and the Masons appreciate the opportunity to help. Butchart recalled receiving a small gift of Hershey's Kisses from a patient this past Christmas as a token of thanks.
Mart bucks retail wreck
Wal Mart joins Home Depot in bucking the trend. Quarterly same store sales rose copy yellow gold Van Cleef & Arpels bracelet more than expected. Driving those sales: more customers visited its stores. The world's largest retailer is benefiting from its investment to boost wages and better train its workers moves that have resulted in better stocked shelves and cleaner stores that attract shoppers.
Plus, online sales jumped 63 percent more than double the increase in the previous quarter. van cleef and arpels bracelet fake Wal Mart said its existing online operations powered that growth more than its acquisitions.
Moody's analyst Charlie O'Shea said, "Given the current retail landscape with many retailers experiencing challenges across multiple categories, we believe Wal Mart will continue to turn up the competitive heat by utilizing replica van cleef diamond bracelet its scale and technological advantages to extract increased market share."
Wal Mart joins Home Depot in bucking the trend. Quarterly same store sales rose copy yellow gold Van Cleef & Arpels bracelet more than expected. Driving those sales: more customers visited its stores. The world's largest retailer is benefiting from its investment to boost wages and better train its workers moves that have resulted in better stocked shelves and cleaner stores that attract shoppers.
Plus, online sales jumped 63 percent more than double the increase in the previous quarter. van cleef and arpels bracelet fake Wal Mart said its existing online operations powered that growth more than its acquisitions.
Moody's analyst Charlie O'Shea said, "Given the current retail landscape with many retailers experiencing challenges across multiple categories, we believe Wal Mart will continue to turn up the competitive heat by utilizing replica van cleef diamond bracelet its scale and technological advantages to extract increased market share."
Milton man pleads guilty careless driving in cyclist
A 26 year old ATV rider who crashed into and killed a father of four on a bicycle on July 6 in Milton was convicted of careless driving this week.
Joel Van Beek was charged under the Criminal Code with dangerous driving causing death but ultimately pleaded guilty Thursday to the Ontario Highway Traffic Act offence.
The Milton resident was van cleef necklaces knock off travelling westbound when his off road vehicle collided with a 32 year old cyclist who was riding in the same direction, replica van cleef necklace Halton Regional Police said at the time.
Van Beek turned himself in van cleef & arpels necklace replica to investigators on Aug. 13. He is scheduled to be sentenced in Milton court in the new year.
A 26 year old ATV rider who crashed into and killed a father of four on a bicycle on July 6 in Milton was convicted of careless driving this week.
Joel Van Beek was charged under the Criminal Code with dangerous driving causing death but ultimately pleaded guilty Thursday to the Ontario Highway Traffic Act offence.
The Milton resident was travelling westbound when his off road vehicle collided with a 32 year old cyclist who was riding in the same direction, Halton Regional Police said at the time.
A 26 year old ATV rider who crashed into and killed a father of four on a bicycle on July 6 in Milton was convicted of careless driving this week.
Joel Van Beek was charged under the Criminal Code with dangerous driving causing death but ultimately pleaded guilty Thursday to the Ontario Highway Traffic Act offence.
The Milton resident was van cleef necklaces knock off travelling westbound when his off road vehicle collided with a 32 year old cyclist who was riding in the same direction, replica van cleef necklace Halton Regional Police said at the time.
Van Beek turned himself in van cleef & arpels necklace replica to investigators on Aug. 13. He is scheduled to be sentenced in Milton court in the new year.
A 26 year old ATV rider who crashed into and killed a father of four on a bicycle on July 6 in Milton was convicted of careless driving this week.
Joel Van Beek was charged under the Criminal Code with dangerous driving causing death but ultimately pleaded guilty Thursday to the Ontario Highway Traffic Act offence.
The Milton resident was travelling westbound when his off road vehicle collided with a 32 year old cyclist who was riding in the same direction, Halton Regional Police said at the time.
Mounting an Undermount Bowl to a Granite Vanity
Home Guides Home Home Improvement Troubleshoot, Fix and Repair Mounting an Undermount Bowl to a Granite Vanity Undermounted sinks can be any size or shape.
Bathroom vanity countertops made of a single slab or material like granite can have a finished edge around the sink cutout. This edge means that the sink itself can be mounted to the underside of the counter, rather than hanging from the top and concealing the cutout's edge. The sink is held in place on the underside by special sealants that both bond the sink into place and help prevent water from leaking out through the replica van cleef arpels clover necklace join at the sink's rim.
Mount the Sink Before the Counter While vessel sinks and drop in sinks are mounted after the counter has been placed on the vanity and sealed into place, undermount sinks are installed first. It takes time for the sealant to cure, holding the sink securely to the underside of the granite. If the top is in place when the sink is mounted, gravity may work against the sealant, possibly pulling the sink away from the counter before it has time to dry. Instead, flip the counter upside down on a flat surface and attach clover necklace van cleef knock off the sink there. After 24 hours, the counter can be flipped back over and installed on the vanity.
Start With a Clean Surface When granite counters are produced, a lot of stone dust may get left behind on the underside of the counter, which is rough and unfinished. This textured underside can trap and hold a lot of debris, which can interfere with the bond between the sink and the granite. Before attempting to mount a sink to the underside of the counter, clean it well with a stone cleaner and a soft cloth. Let the granite dry completely; a damp granite will appear darker in color than dry granite will. Wait for the color to return to normal before applying the adhesive.
Seal the Sink in Place For most bathroom undermount sinks, all that is needed to mount the sink to the granite is a silicone adhesive. Squeeze a very thin line around the sink cutout on the underside of the granite. The weight of the sink will compress the adhesive slightly, making it spread out, so a thin line is all that is needed. Lower the sink into place, upside down on the countertop's underside, then lift it straight up again. This will cause the adhesive to pull away in small "strings" from the counter to the sink. The air hitting these strings will make the adhesive bond stronger. Lower the sink back into place and leave it undisturbed for 24 hours to dry.
Using Mounting Clips The majority of undermount sinks only need adhesive to bond them to a vanity counter, but some large or oversized bathroom sinks will also use mounting clips. This small metal clip fastens on posts to both the sink and the granite top. Epoxy is used to attach the posts to both materials, then the clip is slipped over them and a small nut is fastened down on each post to hold the clip in place. The epoxy will van cleef necklace alhambra imitation cure hard enough to fasten the clips onto the posts in approximately 10 minutes, but the clips still need a full 24 hours to dry before the counter is mounted into place.
Related Articles How to Install Under the Counter Sinks in GraniteHow to Remove Sinks From Granite CountertopsHow to Install a Stainless Steel Undermount Sink in Granite CountertopHow to Replace an Undermount Sink in a Kitchen With Granite CountersHow to Attach a Vanity TopHow to Install Kitchen Sink Clips
More Articles How to Loosen a Sink Fastened With SiliconeRemoving Silicone Caulk ResidueHow to Measure Sink Size in GraniteChanging a Bathroom CountertopHow to Remove Undermount Kitchen SinksMaintaining the Caulk on an Undermount Granite Kitchen Sink
Trending in Your Area How is the market similar or different since the Great Recession in 2007?Kids' cute letters score family a coveted house in San FranciscoBerkeleySumptuous Edwardian open Sunday in Ashbury TerraceJust Approved: Averting a payment spike
Home Guides Home Home Improvement Troubleshoot, Fix and Repair Mounting an Undermount Bowl to a Granite Vanity Undermounted sinks can be any size or shape.
Bathroom vanity countertops made of a single slab or material like granite can have a finished edge around the sink cutout. This edge means that the sink itself can be mounted to the underside of the counter, rather than hanging from the top and concealing the cutout's edge. The sink is held in place on the underside by special sealants that both bond the sink into place and help prevent water from leaking out through the replica van cleef arpels clover necklace join at the sink's rim.
Mount the Sink Before the Counter While vessel sinks and drop in sinks are mounted after the counter has been placed on the vanity and sealed into place, undermount sinks are installed first. It takes time for the sealant to cure, holding the sink securely to the underside of the granite. If the top is in place when the sink is mounted, gravity may work against the sealant, possibly pulling the sink away from the counter before it has time to dry. Instead, flip the counter upside down on a flat surface and attach clover necklace van cleef knock off the sink there. After 24 hours, the counter can be flipped back over and installed on the vanity.
Start With a Clean Surface When granite counters are produced, a lot of stone dust may get left behind on the underside of the counter, which is rough and unfinished. This textured underside can trap and hold a lot of debris, which can interfere with the bond between the sink and the granite. Before attempting to mount a sink to the underside of the counter, clean it well with a stone cleaner and a soft cloth. Let the granite dry completely; a damp granite will appear darker in color than dry granite will. Wait for the color to return to normal before applying the adhesive.
Seal the Sink in Place For most bathroom undermount sinks, all that is needed to mount the sink to the granite is a silicone adhesive. Squeeze a very thin line around the sink cutout on the underside of the granite. The weight of the sink will compress the adhesive slightly, making it spread out, so a thin line is all that is needed. Lower the sink into place, upside down on the countertop's underside, then lift it straight up again. This will cause the adhesive to pull away in small "strings" from the counter to the sink. The air hitting these strings will make the adhesive bond stronger. Lower the sink back into place and leave it undisturbed for 24 hours to dry.
Using Mounting Clips The majority of undermount sinks only need adhesive to bond them to a vanity counter, but some large or oversized bathroom sinks will also use mounting clips. This small metal clip fastens on posts to both the sink and the granite top. Epoxy is used to attach the posts to both materials, then the clip is slipped over them and a small nut is fastened down on each post to hold the clip in place. The epoxy will van cleef necklace alhambra imitation cure hard enough to fasten the clips onto the posts in approximately 10 minutes, but the clips still need a full 24 hours to dry before the counter is mounted into place.
Related Articles How to Install Under the Counter Sinks in GraniteHow to Remove Sinks From Granite CountertopsHow to Install a Stainless Steel Undermount Sink in Granite CountertopHow to Replace an Undermount Sink in a Kitchen With Granite CountersHow to Attach a Vanity TopHow to Install Kitchen Sink Clips
More Articles How to Loosen a Sink Fastened With SiliconeRemoving Silicone Caulk ResidueHow to Measure Sink Size in GraniteChanging a Bathroom CountertopHow to Remove Undermount Kitchen SinksMaintaining the Caulk on an Undermount Granite Kitchen Sink
Trending in Your Area How is the market similar or different since the Great Recession in 2007?Kids' cute letters score family a coveted house in San FranciscoBerkeleySumptuous Edwardian open Sunday in Ashbury TerraceJust Approved: Averting a payment spike
Meet the owner of the longest serving ice cream van in the UK
Five years ago in a garage in Derby, Ian Smith finally found what he had been looking for after years of searching. In such bad condition that the sides had to be supported with wood stood a battered Mr Softee ice cream van. "It was a total wreck when I bought it", says Ian, 47. "I spent two years doing it up, but now it looks like the day it came out of the factory in 1959."
Mr Softee vans originally came to the UK from America in 1958, soon to be replaced by the now ubiquitous British Mr Whippy vehicles in the early sixties.
For Smith, a vintage Mr Softee that had previously been in service for 40 years was the pice de rsistance of ice cream vans. Once he got it working again, it would be one of the longest serving ice cream vans in the UK.
Smith has been an ice cream man in Leeds for 35 years. Starting at the age of 12 in a van belonging copy van cleef necklace to his father (also an ice cream man), Ian now owns six vehicles under his own company IanSuper Whippy Limited. He is intent on selling ice cream until he retires, despite the fact that ice cream vans have been in decline since 1976.
For the chimes that every child in Britain instantly recognises sound rarely on the streets these days. Stricter regulations have seen higher pitch prices and limits imposed on how often the bells can be sounded, while supermarkets selling cheap ice cream price many vans out of the market.
Recently, Worcester City council set a 15 minute time limit for how long mobile vans could stay out on the street, angering local pensioners who complained they weren't as quick on their feet as others.
Peak ice cream season starts when the clocks go forward, so from Sunday Smith will be preparing the vintage van for outings. But not every vehicle has such a devoted following. It's the fresh blue paint and nostalgic design of Smith's Mr Softee van that keeps the customers coming.
"We kept it in its original fifties livery," he says. "People will walk past any ice cream van and climb over it to get to this one it's a magnet. People take photographs of it all day long, and even those not really wanting an ice cream will stop and buy one just to have a look at the van."
In the winter, he relies on taking the vans out to private functions such as weddings and corporate events, as the dark nights make normal trading impossible. Having been in the trade for so long, he is the first to admit that the glory days of ice cream vending seem to be over.
"When my father sold ice cream 55 years ago, it was absolutely fantastic because people didn't have freezers or ice cream at home, and there was no trade on Sundays. The pubs closed at 2 o'clock in the afternoon so more people were at home it was our busiest day of the week. But everyone's in a rush now. It was a lot busier back then."
While competitive 'turf wars' among ice cream vans (where rogue sellers have undercut prices and local rivalries have led to drivers being threatened) have been reported in recent years, Ian says it's less the threat from other vendors than the cheap lollies sold by supermarkets that are putting vans out of business. The only way vendors can break even is by raising the cost of their ice cream.
"In 1980 a cone would have sold for around 15p compared to 1 now," he says. But even with inflated prices, Smith's takings on the van are still the same as they were 20 years ago. "That's how much copy van cleef & arpels necklace it's dropping off. van cleef necklaces imitation Every year it seems to get worse and worse," he says ruefully.
Not that this curbs his enthusiasm for his work, on which he spends up to 16 hours a day during summer. "All ice cream men get a buzz out of [being busy] regardless of how much money we take," he says, but adds: "It's a difficult job to stay in because you have more downs than ups."
Still, even if the outlook for ice cream vans is gloomy, Smith is sticking with it. "I've been born into it," he says. "I don't want to do anything else."
Five years ago in a garage in Derby, Ian Smith finally found what he had been looking for after years of searching. In such bad condition that the sides had to be supported with wood stood a battered Mr Softee ice cream van. "It was a total wreck when I bought it", says Ian, 47. "I spent two years doing it up, but now it looks like the day it came out of the factory in 1959."
Mr Softee vans originally came to the UK from America in 1958, soon to be replaced by the now ubiquitous British Mr Whippy vehicles in the early sixties.
For Smith, a vintage Mr Softee that had previously been in service for 40 years was the pice de rsistance of ice cream vans. Once he got it working again, it would be one of the longest serving ice cream vans in the UK.
Smith has been an ice cream man in Leeds for 35 years. Starting at the age of 12 in a van belonging copy van cleef necklace to his father (also an ice cream man), Ian now owns six vehicles under his own company IanSuper Whippy Limited. He is intent on selling ice cream until he retires, despite the fact that ice cream vans have been in decline since 1976.
For the chimes that every child in Britain instantly recognises sound rarely on the streets these days. Stricter regulations have seen higher pitch prices and limits imposed on how often the bells can be sounded, while supermarkets selling cheap ice cream price many vans out of the market.
Recently, Worcester City council set a 15 minute time limit for how long mobile vans could stay out on the street, angering local pensioners who complained they weren't as quick on their feet as others.
Peak ice cream season starts when the clocks go forward, so from Sunday Smith will be preparing the vintage van for outings. But not every vehicle has such a devoted following. It's the fresh blue paint and nostalgic design of Smith's Mr Softee van that keeps the customers coming.
"We kept it in its original fifties livery," he says. "People will walk past any ice cream van and climb over it to get to this one it's a magnet. People take photographs of it all day long, and even those not really wanting an ice cream will stop and buy one just to have a look at the van."
In the winter, he relies on taking the vans out to private functions such as weddings and corporate events, as the dark nights make normal trading impossible. Having been in the trade for so long, he is the first to admit that the glory days of ice cream vending seem to be over.
"When my father sold ice cream 55 years ago, it was absolutely fantastic because people didn't have freezers or ice cream at home, and there was no trade on Sundays. The pubs closed at 2 o'clock in the afternoon so more people were at home it was our busiest day of the week. But everyone's in a rush now. It was a lot busier back then."
While competitive 'turf wars' among ice cream vans (where rogue sellers have undercut prices and local rivalries have led to drivers being threatened) have been reported in recent years, Ian says it's less the threat from other vendors than the cheap lollies sold by supermarkets that are putting vans out of business. The only way vendors can break even is by raising the cost of their ice cream.
"In 1980 a cone would have sold for around 15p compared to 1 now," he says. But even with inflated prices, Smith's takings on the van are still the same as they were 20 years ago. "That's how much copy van cleef & arpels necklace it's dropping off. van cleef necklaces imitation Every year it seems to get worse and worse," he says ruefully.
Not that this curbs his enthusiasm for his work, on which he spends up to 16 hours a day during summer. "All ice cream men get a buzz out of [being busy] regardless of how much money we take," he says, but adds: "It's a difficult job to stay in because you have more downs than ups."
Still, even if the outlook for ice cream vans is gloomy, Smith is sticking with it. "I've been born into it," he says. "I don't want to do anything else."
Niagara police pull over van missing doors
NIAGARA FALLS, Ont. In retrospect, the van probably stood out from the usual bustle of traffic the police officer replica van cleef arpel necklace was watching.
Late Monday morning an officer was monitoring traffic crossing the Homer Bridge at Queenston St. in St. Catharines, when the officer's "attention was drawn" to a 2000 Dodge Caravan copy van cleef and arpels diamond necklace that was in need of some repair, according to a Niagara Regional Police press release.
Police stopped the van, and the driver admitted his van cleef necklaces imitation licence was suspended. Further inquires by police revealed he had been stopped in the same ramshackle van two weeks previously in Fort Erie.
Police charged the 66 year old driver with seven violations of the Highway Traffic Act, including driving while under suspension, not have vehicle insurance, operating an unsafe vehicle, not having plates and prohibited use of a slow moving vehicle sign.
NIAGARA FALLS, Ont. In retrospect, the van probably stood out from the usual bustle of traffic the police officer replica van cleef arpel necklace was watching.
Late Monday morning an officer was monitoring traffic crossing the Homer Bridge at Queenston St. in St. Catharines, when the officer's "attention was drawn" to a 2000 Dodge Caravan copy van cleef and arpels diamond necklace that was in need of some repair, according to a Niagara Regional Police press release.
Police stopped the van, and the driver admitted his van cleef necklaces imitation licence was suspended. Further inquires by police revealed he had been stopped in the same ramshackle van two weeks previously in Fort Erie.
Police charged the 66 year old driver with seven violations of the Highway Traffic Act, including driving while under suspension, not have vehicle insurance, operating an unsafe vehicle, not having plates and prohibited use of a slow moving vehicle sign.
Michael van Gerwen beats Phil Taylor in Rotterdam
Michael van Gerwen staged an impressive comeback to beat Phil Taylor 7 4 on night seven of the Premier League in Rotterdam.
The world number one fell 3 0 behind but aided by a raucous crowd at the Ahoy Arena the Dutchman took seven of the next eight legs for victory, with the defeat pushing Taylor out of the play off places.
The win was Van Gerwen's first against Taylor in four meetings and he remains unbeaten in this season's Premier League. He is one point behind leader Peter Wright with a game in hand to be played in Manchester next week.
UK Open champion Peter Wright stayed top of the standings after a 7 4 van cleef and arpels necklace replica victory against Dave Chisnall.
Crowd favourite Raymond van Barneveld averaged 103.71, hit five 180s and produced a superb 156 checkout as he thrilled the home fans with a convincing 7 2 win over Gary Anderson to boost his hopes of a top four finish.
James Wade climbed up to third in the table as he halted a three game winless run with a 7 3 victory over Jelle Klaasen, who remains bottom.
Like Klaasen, the threat of relegation still hangs over winless Kim Huybrechts at Judgement Night in two weeks' time after he lost 7 3 to Adrian Lewis who by contrast will now hope he can finish in the top four spots.
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Europa League final RESULT, Manchester United 2 0 Ajax:. Lionel Messi and father Jorge lose Supreme Court appeal. Manchester City defender Jason Denayer filmed kicking a. Manchester United starlet Guillermo Varela BANNED by club. Ajax 0 2 Manchester United: Paul Pogba and Henrikh. Europa League final live stream and TV guide: How to. Sydney FC 0 3 Liverpool RESULT: Daniel Sturridge, Alberto. Manchester United have plenty to lose in Europa League. Alexis Sanchez is imitation alhambra van cleef necklace a Bayern Munich player. acccording to. Iker Casillas returns to Madrid with glamorous wife Sara. Marcus Rashford and Anthony Martial could tear Ajax apart. Chelsea cancel title parade in the wake of Manchester. Manchester United's Champions League seeding: The teams. 'Manchester a City United': Fans bring defiant banner. John Terry hits back at critics over Stamford Bridge. Manchester United target Antoine Griezmann travels to. Pictures, breaking news and more from Stockholm ahead of. Transfer news LATEST: Jermain Defoe, Alexis Sanchez,Koke. MOST READ SPORT Previous.
Michael van Gerwen staged an impressive comeback to beat Phil Taylor 7 4 on night seven of the Premier League in Rotterdam.
The world number one fell 3 0 behind but aided by a raucous crowd at the Ahoy Arena the Dutchman took seven of the next eight legs for victory, with the defeat pushing Taylor out of the play off places.
The win was Van Gerwen's first against Taylor in four meetings and he remains unbeaten in this season's Premier League. He is one point behind leader Peter Wright with a game in hand to be played in Manchester next week.
UK Open champion Peter Wright stayed top of the standings after a 7 4 van cleef and arpels necklace replica victory against Dave Chisnall.
Crowd favourite Raymond van Barneveld averaged 103.71, hit five 180s and produced a superb 156 checkout as he thrilled the home fans with a convincing 7 2 win over Gary Anderson to boost his hopes of a top four finish.
James Wade climbed up to third in the table as he halted a three game winless run with a 7 3 victory over Jelle Klaasen, who remains bottom.
Like Klaasen, the threat of relegation still hangs over winless Kim Huybrechts at Judgement Night in two weeks' time after he lost 7 3 to Adrian Lewis who by contrast will now hope he can finish in the top four spots.
Most watched Sport videos Jason Denayer involved in a fist fight on Brussels street Minute silence turns to applause ahead of Manchester United final Anthony Joshua has a laugh with Floyd Mayweather on Instagram Manchester United hold minute silence in memory of terror attack victims Man United honour memory of attack victims with minute silence David Luiz scores an amazing goal in mid air pool trick Roberto Firmino celebrates copy van cleef necklaces Liverpool win with his family Roberto Firmino goes clubbing to celebrate Liverpool win Ander Herrera dedicates man of the match award to Manchester bomb victims Real Madrid celebrate winning the league with victory parade How will Leicester stars fare as they take on pool challenges? Brazil international Marcelo waves to the thousands of fans
Europa League final RESULT, Manchester United 2 0 Ajax:. Lionel Messi and father Jorge lose Supreme Court appeal. Manchester City defender Jason Denayer filmed kicking a. Manchester United starlet Guillermo Varela BANNED by club. Ajax 0 2 Manchester United: Paul Pogba and Henrikh. Europa League final live stream and TV guide: How to. Sydney FC 0 3 Liverpool RESULT: Daniel Sturridge, Alberto. Manchester United have plenty to lose in Europa League. Alexis Sanchez is imitation alhambra van cleef necklace a Bayern Munich player. acccording to. Iker Casillas returns to Madrid with glamorous wife Sara. Marcus Rashford and Anthony Martial could tear Ajax apart. Chelsea cancel title parade in the wake of Manchester. Manchester United's Champions League seeding: The teams. 'Manchester a City United': Fans bring defiant banner. John Terry hits back at critics over Stamford Bridge. Manchester United target Antoine Griezmann travels to. Pictures, breaking news and more from Stockholm ahead of. Transfer news LATEST: Jermain Defoe, Alexis Sanchez,Koke. MOST READ SPORT Previous.