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NSI-189 Dosage: Neuralstem, Inc. is currently running clinical trials
for its use in major depressive disorder, in addition to treating
cognitive impairments, and brain degeneration. NSI-189 stimulates
neurogenesis of the human hippocampus. NSI-189 dosage was 40 mg-80 mg
daily for 12 weeks.NSi-189 powder
NSI-189 increases sociability interactions while enhancing confidence
and improved life decisions that lead to elevated sexual enjoyment and
quality of life.
NSI-189 review
NSI-189 stimulates neurogenesis of the human hippocampus.
Modern antidepressants focus on the monoamine neurotransmitter system. However, 66% of people treated for major depression disorder achieve clinically significant improvements.
Current antidepressants have long term side effects with negative consequences. Neuralstem Inc proposes that NSI-189 uses different pathways.
NSI-189 Benefits
Ability to control emotions that continue after cessation
Being fluent in speaking and writing.
Improved memory energy
Sharpness of vision
Logical and emotional difficulties resolve
Increased sexual enjoyment and quality of life.
Sociability and interactions are maintained with ease
Confidence while enhancing confidence and improved life decisions.
Reports indicate that suicidal tendencies disappear and personal relationships improve with a broad spectrum of reporting.
PROPIONYL-L-CARNITINE
Propionyl-L-carnitine is a chemical. It is made in the body. Propionyl-L-carnitine is related to two other compounds called L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine.
Propionyl-L-carnitine is commonly used for treating leg pain (intermittent claudication) due to poor blood circulation (peripheral vascular disease, PVD). PVD is often caused by diabetes or “hardening of the arteries” (atherosclerosis). Propionyl-L-carnitine is also used to treat congestive heart failure (CHF), chest pain (angina), and some bowel problems such as ulcerative colitis. A specific kind of propionyl-L-carnitine, called glycine propionyl-L-carnitine, is often used to improve athletic ability. There is limited scientific research that supports taking propionyl-L-carnitine by mouth for other uses..Glycine Propionyl-L-Carnitine powder
Healthcare providers may give propionyl-L-carnitine with a needle into the vein (by IV) for treating PVD and intermittent claudication; to improve wound healing in people with PVD; and to treat heart disease, including congestive heart failure, and chest pain (angina).
How does it work?
Propionyl-L-carnitine helps the body produce
energy. It is important for heart function, muscle movement, and many
other body processes. It also seems to help increase circulation.
FLADRAFINIL BUY (CRL 40 941) 1000 MG
Eugeroics are a well-documented family that improves brain function by preventing the reuptake of dopamine.CRL-40,941 powder
A Fladrafinil dose is similar to
Adrafinil
Hydrafinil
Flmodafinil
CE-123
Modafinil
Eugeroics are well-documented tools for shift workers that have issues
with daytime sleepiness and the preferred choice of nootropics for many
CEO according to the surveys.
highly anti-aggressive properties
Fladrafinil is a bis(p-fluoro) ring-substituted derivative of adrafinil that requires the first pass through the liver and is eventually metabolized into Modafinil.
Adrafinil and Modafinil are tremendously powerful chemicals made popular because they substantially increasing focus memory and cognition.
Tryptamines and beta-carbolines are two classes of psychoactive indoles found in plants and animals (1). They have been implicated in a host of neurological functions and display a wide range of neurological activity, which is dependent on their molecular configurations (2). A subgroup of (beta)-carbolines found in some plants are known as the harmala alkaloids; e.g. harmaline in Peganum harmala or Banisteriopsis caapi. Some beta-carbolines have been detected in the tissues and fluids of mammals, including humans, where they are thought to be produced from endogenous tryptamines such as serotonin, 5-methoxy-tryptamine and tryptamine itself. Psychoactive methylated tryptamines such as dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and 5-hydroxy-dimethyltryptamine (bufotenine) and have been detected in normal human beings as well (3,4,5), though their biological purpose remains a mystery.beta carboline
The psychoactive indoles are interesting not only for their exogenously induced effects on the human mind, but also for their natural occurrence in humans. In the early 1950's, Osmond and Smythies, in their transmethylation hypothesis, proposed endogenous 'schizotoxins' to be responsible for the symptoms characteristic of hallucinatory psychoses, and initiated an era of search for the chemical basis of undesirable states of mind (6). This search was later confounded by the fact that these substances were also found in otherwise normal humans, in addition to many of the other animals in the scientific barnyard. At that time, the psychedelics were commonly referred to as 'psychotomimetics' and 'models for psychosis', and it was difficult to rationalize a normal function for an endogenous psychedelic. Unfortunately, the idea of normal dreaming did not occur to the early pioneers as a possible function for the natural occurrence of endogenous psychedelic substances (7,8).
The Tryptamines Serotonin, melatonin, bufotenine, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and tryptamine are well known examples of this group. They primarily originate from tryptophan, an essential amino acid obtained through the diet. All of these tryptamines interact within the central nervous system. DMT is a very potent psychedelic chemical when smoked or injected, but is orally inactive. The onset of its effects are known to be extremely fast, brief and intense. One could say that DMT evokes a transient psychedelic test pattern, exploding with color imagery. 5-MeO-DMT shares similar properties, but is often devoid of visual imagery at effective doses. Its effects have been described as primarily emotive. Bufotenine shares similar properties with these two, especially in terms of a fast onset and short duration of intense action. However, at effective doses, any psychoactivity of interest is essentially lost in the physiological noise it elicits through the serotonergic system. Early reports on the effects of bufotenine in humans clearly indicate its psychoactivity (9), though its polar quality apparently hinders significant passage into the brain. Perhaps the psychoactivity of bufotenine is actually due to its enzymatic conversion to 5-MeO-DMT.
DMAE has been suggested to have limited effectiveness because the choline molecules are charged and therefore have limited effectiveness in getting to the brain.Centrophenoxine Method of ActionCholine and certain phospholipids are converted into Acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is important and higher levels and receptor uptake will lead to better cognition. Not all choline will be converted into Acetylcholine and there are several processes that take place between the choline to Acetylcholine conversation. It seems as not all choline sources are created equal. Some sources will have much higher levels of Acetylcholine conversion.Centrophenoxine’s primary method of action is believed to be caused by increased levels of Acetylcholine. Whether this is from breakdown into choline or related phospholipids’ is unclear. There are several phospholipids that will also convert into Acetylcholine. This may be an area where Centrophenoxine is more superior to DMAE.
With this said, the general consensus is that Centrophenoxine supplementation leads to higher Acetylcholine levels and better cognition.Centrophenoxine also may have effects on other neurotransmitters in the brain. It has been suggested to help with mood.Claimed BenefitsCentrophenoxine has been marketed under trade names such as “Lucidril” in some countries. In medical science, Centrophenoxine has been tested for use in treating several cognitive disorders.Centrophenoxine is also an excellent antioxidant. It helps to reduce free radicals in the brain. It is more superior to DMAE as an antioxidant. For this reason, Centrophenoxine has been promoted to reduce “brain aging” and is marketed primarily as a powerful antioxidant.Side EffectsCentrophenoxine has been seen to be well tolerated.
Although this is true, side effects can still occur. These side effects are more likely in higher doses and when combined with other substances. If you are on prescription drugs you should speak with your doctor to assist in avoiding interactions with Centrophenoxine. Below are some common side effects of Centrophenoxine.HeadacheNauseaDizzinessGastronintesinal issuesJaw clenchingIrritabilityIf you do experience side effects it is recommended to discontinue use and speak to a doctor.Centrophenoxine vs. Alpha GPC vs. CDP CholineCentrophenoxine, like Alpha GPC and CDP Choline is an excellent Acetylcholine source. Comparing the three is very hard as it comes down to personal experimentation to find the best supplement for you. If you are using nootropics like racetams, an Acetylcholine source will often be added to potentiate effects. Centrophenoxine, Alpha GPC or CDP Choline may all be options for you. These three options are the best choices for choline supplementation.
Coluracetam is a nootropic in the racetam family. It shares the same 2-pyrrolidone base structure as all racetams. Coluracetam differs from the structure of piracetam by the addition of a bulky dimethyl-tetrahydrofuro-quinolinyl grouping. It has a molar mass of 341.404 g/mol and a molecular formula of C19H23N3O3.Coluracetam
CAS: 135463-81-9
IUPAC: N-(2,3-Dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]quinolin-4-yl)-2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide
Product contains one jar of Coluracetam, in either .5g, 1g or 5g amounts.
Attention: All chemical compounds have risks. Please read the
available research and understand the associated risks before handling.
If you are uncertain of the appropriate handling methods, please consult
a qualified professional. Misuse of this product may result in adverse
reactions. This product is not approved by the FDA.
Ingredients: Coluracetam [2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-N-(2,3-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofuro2,3-b quinolin-4-yl)acetoamide].
Ship code/Instructions: Ambient temperature only.
Storage Instructions: Coluracetam should not be refrigerated. Store at room temperature only.
Dosage Instructions: Coluracetam is known to be a somewhat fast-acting nootropic. It has been noted that neural tissues can detect it within 30 minutes of ingestion. The suggested dosage for Coluracetam is 48-480mcg/kg. For example, a person weighing 70kg should take between 3 and 33mg.
The Coluracetam nootropic stacks well with choline and the two are often taken together. The combination is used frequently for added memory and cognitive ability benefits. Those taking both Coluracetam and choline should take 300mg to 600mg of choline daily (if you are taking Alpha GPC) and 250mg to 750mg daily if using CDP Choline.
There is little information currently available on the toxicity of Coluracetam. Doses given at the above increments demonstrated no negative side-effects.
Side-effects: First time users of nootropics may develop headaches after use. This is common for people who have not used nootropics before. There is no reason for concern. When taking both Coluracetam and choline together, the risk of headaches will be reduced.
ATTENTION: This compound should be used for research purposes only. All chemical compounds have risks. Please consult your physician and understand the available research before consumption. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Flmodafinil is the most potent legal eurogic known to man, it is a closely related smart drug to Modafinil Adrafinil, Fladrafinil, and Hydrafinil.Modafinil is a popular wakefulness drug prescribed to many CEO types of fortune 500 companies. CRL-40,940 powder
Yes, Flmodafinil capsules are legal to buy for research purposes only.Modafinil, Adrafinil, Hydrafinil, Fladrafinil (CRL-40,941) and Flmodafinil (CRL-40,940), come from the French "Laboratories Laflon".
Dr. Michel Jouvet uncovered these eurogics in the 1970s.Laflon Lab scientists made a crucial observation in their patent applications.
"In man, particularly old people, it was observed that ... CRL-40,940 ... administered in the form of gel capsules or tablets – each containing 100 to 200 mg of the active ingredient, at the rate of 1 to 3 capsules as arousing medicaments.Flmodafinil dosage in clinical studies was in the range of 100 mg to 600 mg Daily. It is considered safer than caffeine and lacks addictive properties.
In 2015 a new patent was filed under a new name Lauflumide a derivative of modafinil.(2-((bis(4-fluorophenyl)methane)sulfinyl)acetamide) Lauflumide is more effective than adrafinil or modafinil with fewer side effects. It was made very clear in the application that CRL-40,940 lacks any resemblance to amphetamines in effect or structure.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT 44307, Lithuania
2Institute of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT 50009, Lithuania
3Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
4Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT 47181, Lithuania
Received 24 July 2018; Revised 26 February 2019; Accepted 8 April 2019; Published 24 April 2019
Copyright © 2019 Jūratė Stanevičiūtė et al. This is an open access
article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Testosterone Dichloroacetate
The aim was to investigate the effect of dichloroacetate (DCA) on
thymus weight, Hassall’s corpuscle number (HCs), and NKCC1 RNA
expression in Wistar rats aged 4–5 weeks. They were investigated in the
controls and DCA-treated gonad-intact and castrated males and females.
The treatment lasted 4 weeks with DCA 200 mg/kg/day. At the end of the
experiment, rat thymus was weighted, and its lobe was taken for the
expression of NKCC1 RNA determined by the PCR method and of Hassall’s
corpuscles by immunohistochemistry. DCA caused a thymus weight decrease
in DCA-treated gonad-intact rats of both genders as compared with their
controls (p < 0.05), and no such impact was found in castrated
DCA-treated males and females. DCA caused an increase of the HCs in
gonad-intact males (p < 0.05), and no such increase in the
DCA-treated gonad-intact females was found. There was gender-related
difference in the HCs when comparing DCA-treated gonad-intact males and
females: males showed significantly higher HCs (p < 0.05); no
gender-related differences were found in the castrated DCA-treated
groups. The Slc12a2 gene RNA expression level was found to be
significantly decreased only in gonad-intact and in castrated
DCA-treated males. The authors discuss the gender-related DCA effects on
the thymus.
Aniracetam (chemical name 1-[(4-methoxybenzoyl)]- 2-pyrrolidinone) is purported to be much more potent that piracetam so you need to take significantly less of it to achieve a similar effect. Unlike piracetam, aniracetam is fat soluable and therefore should be taken with a meal.Aniracetam
Nootropics, also known as smart drugs, are a group of health supplements which are purported to increase cognitive ability, intelligence, memory, and general brain function.
Aniracetam is an ampakine and nootropic of the Racetam family. This supplement is used for and improving reaction time and mental focus.
As an analogue to piracetam, it is considered that aniracetam is virtually non-toxic, non addictive, has very few side effects, and enhances verbal memory. Nonetheless, unlike piracetam there have been fewer clinical trials and research into the affects of aniracetam, however it is widely considered to be considerably more potent than piracetam, and users of aniracetam generally report that it increases alertless, cognitive ability, attention span, and learning ability.
It is suggested that aniracetam affects the Corpus Callosum in the same way as piracetam, which is the part of the brain which connects the left (logical) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain. It is suggested that by increasing the linkages between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, piracetam users benefit from greater cognitive potential.
Aniracetam has also been shown to have a more potent affect on the AMPA receptor than piracetam, which results in enhanced focus and concentration.
As with all of our racetams, racetam is very popular among students, sufferers of Alzheimer's and dementia, those recovering from alcoholism, and life extension enthusiasts.
As with most all racetams, aniracetam should be taken with a choline source such as choline bitartrate. It is also often ‘stacked’ with other racetams as well as with supplements such as GABA, and L-Tyrosine, and L-Phenylananine.
BERLIN – Lower rates of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and improved glycemic control were two of the metabolic effects seen with the appetite-suppressant drug lorcaserin versus placebo on top of existing lifestyle management measures in a large-scale trial of more than 12,000 overweight or obese individuals with established cardiovascular disease or T2DM and other cardiovascular risk factors.Lorcaserin HCL
In the CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial, treatment with a twice-daily, 10-mg dose of lorcaserin for a median of 3.3 years was associated with a significant 19% reduction in the risk of incident T2DM in participants with prediabetes, compared with placebo (8.5% vs. 10.3%; hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.99; P = .038). The reduction in the risk of incident T2DM was even greater (23%) in people without diabetes at baseline (6.7% lorcaserin vs. 8.4% placebo; HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.94; P = .012).
Furthermore, in patients with T2DM who had a mean baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7%, an absolute 0.33% reduction was seen at 1 year between the lorcaserin and placebo groups, with more modest but still significant between-group reductions (–0.09% and –0.08%) in individuals with prediabetes or normoglycemia (all P less than .0001). When baseline HbA1c levels were higher in patients with T2DM (8%), greater net reductions (0.52%) versus placebo were seen (P less than .0001).
These were some of the metabolic findings, published online in the Lancet to coincide with their presentation at the annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, that add to those already released from the CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial on cardiovascular safety, lead author and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) group investigator Erin A. Bohula May, MD, observed during a press conference.
The cardiovascular safety data were presented at the 2018 annual congress of the European Society for Cardiology in August and published in the New England Journal of Medicine. These showed no increase with lorcaserin versus placebo in the risk of achieving a major cardiovascular endpoint (MACE) of cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.85-1.14; P less than .001 for noninferiority). There was also no difference between groups in the cumulative incidence of MACE+, which included heart failure, hospitalization for unstable angina, and the need for coronary revascularization (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87-1.07; P = .55 for superiority).
“We know that weight loss can improve cardiovascular and glycemic risk factors, but it’s difficult to achieve and maintain, and weight-loss agents are guideline-recommended adjuncts to lifestyle modification,” said Dr. Bohula May, who is a cardiovascular medicine and critical care specialist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.
“However, prior to this study no agent had convincingly demonstrated cardiovascular safety in a rigorous clinical outcomes study,” she said, noting that several agents, such as the now-withdrawn rimonabant (Acomplia/Zimulti) and sibutramine (Meridia), had been shown to precipitate cardiovascular or psychiatric events, which led the Food and Drug Administration to mandate that all weight-loss drugs be assessed for cardiovascular safety. Lorcaserin (Belviq) is a centrally acting 5-HT2C agonist that works by decreasing appetite and was approved by the FDA in 2012 but is not currently available in Europe.
Long-term data on the effects of weight-loss agents on glycemic parameters were limited, hence the remit of the CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial was to assess both the cardiovascular and metabolic safety of lorcaserin. The drug was used on a background of lifestyle modification in 6,000 obese or overweight individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events. A further 6,000 individuals received placebo.