The Panerai Submersible S Brabus Blue Shadow Edition United by deeply rooted legacies as well as a shared passion for marine highperformance, expert Italian watchmaker Panerai continues the partnership with world renowned luxury mobility brand BRABUS in the creation of their second exclusive timepiece – The Panerai Submersible S BRABUS Blue Shadow Edition. This limited-edition dive watch combines the best of both respective brands in its design and functionality, underlined by authentic Swiss watchmaking tradition, a signature bold design and confident dependability. It is a movement for adventurers and enthusiasts; an evolution of its predecessor with a distinctive identity of its own, designed to be worn on the waves.To get more news about paneraireplica.co, you can visit paneraireplica.co official website. The all-new Panerai Submersible S BRABUS Blue Shadow Edition’s unique design is a culmination of the best that the worlds of premium horology and elite day boating have to offer, drawing inspiration from the signature design cues of the BRABUS Shadow series of boats. Matching the BRABUS Shadow 900 Deep Blue luxury day-boat, which will likewise celebrate its debut at the 2022 Palma International Boat Show, the Panerai Submersible S BRABUS Blue Shadow Edition impresses with an array of blue and gray tones. The watch will be strictly limited to only 200 pieces worldwide. Composed of titanium and shaped using the process of Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), a method of 3D printing technology that produces volumes that are both strong and lightweight, the case measures 47mm. The construction of the case, which features the signature Panerai cushion shape and crown protector, offers both performance and a striking matte finish with an assertive presence. Both the unidirectional rotating bezel and lever heighten the standout aspect of the Panerai Submersible S BRABUS Blue Shadow Edition. They are made from Carbotech, a material based on carbon fiber with a variegated pattern that gives each watch a unique character and boasts durability, lightness, and high resistance to corrosion. Blue Super-LumiNova? on the indices and hands make for highly legible and striking accents.Breakthrough technology is present both inside and out. The Panerai Submersible S BRABUS Blue Shadow Edition contains the new P.4001/S caliber, a skeletonized movement based on the P.4000 caliber. It features a one-piece off-centered oscillating weight that allows for bi-directional winding, whereby the two spring barrels efficiently wind up while the watch is worn. The oscillating rotor - made of tungsten, a shiny, highdensity metal – enables the movement and therefore the watch itself to be much thinner and lighter while the stop balance wheel and seconds reset devices enable the time to be synchronized with a reference time signal. The P.4001/S caliber is the product of three years of development and includes a GMT function, an AM/PM indicator and three-day power reserve. In addition, the patented polarized date display, offers a view of the date indication only through the opening at 3 o’clock, without revealing the rest of the date wheel or concealing the workings of the movement.

Taiwanese Election Drama is a Subversive Hit in China A new Netflix drama about Taiwanese campaign staffers has become an unlikely hit among members of China’s middle class, raising troubling questions for its fans about the differences between Chinese and Taiwanese society.To get more news about the knockout chinese drama, you can visit shine news official website. Released in April, the eight-episode “Wave Makers” follows the drama of a fictional yearlong presidential campaign and how it impacts the personal lives of campaign employees, both at the top and bottom of the campaign ladder. The show touches on topics like the death penalty and same sex marriage in Taiwan as well as more complex themes like aging out of political idealism and sexual harassment in the workplace. Key plot points are set against the hustle and bustle of a democratic election, from campaign rallies to heated meetings discussing campaign policies. For Chinese fans of the show, “Wave Makers” has been eye opening — the actions unfold in a similar language and culture as their own, says Chinese YouTuber Yao Zhang who posts from Canada videos about contemporary culture and politics for her 87,000 subscribers. Zhang has closely followed the response to “Wave Makers” on Chinese social media sites like Weibo, where she said the show has been met with a mix of interest, sadness, and self-reflection. “From my perspective, [Chinese viewers] know such things exist as election or free world or democracy, but because this show is in Chinese and also in Taiwanese, it feels real,” she told VOA. “We share the same blood and that makes it feel really powerful seeing an election in action, like democracy in action, and that kind of thing. It touches them a lot.” Comments on Weibo have included users describing how the show makes them feel like they “live in a cage” or they are watching “a whole different world” even though much of the show is written in Mandarin Chinese. “When I see the candidates sometimes, I feel a chill. These characters all speak in Chinese, there is not a single word I don’t understand. I even vaguely remember an explanation or a definition, but I have never seen it,” another Weibo user posted. “Taiwanese dramas are so good. They are really way ahead of us. We speak the same language [Chinese], but gender equality, same sex marriage, environmental protection, abolition of the death penalty, these issues have never appeared in the conversations of our young people. It’s as if they are two separate worlds,” said another.Zhang said she suspects many of “Wave Makers” small but dedicated fan base are educated, wealthy women based on context clues in their posts and the resonance of the show’s sexual harassment plotline showing a high-ranking party member being fired for his actions. Until recently, discussion of sexual harassment was largely taboo in China, but the crime is still difficult to punish. China’s initial vocal #MeToo movement was largely crushed by authorities, but it did usher in some changes. Women in China are also largely locked out of national politics, unlike Taiwan. In “Wave Makers,” many of the show’s main characters are female and the fictional female presidential candidate closely resembles Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen. For others, the show may have resonance because it was released just six months after China’s “white paper revolution” swept the country in late November and early December 2022, said Yang. While much of the protest movement was against harsh “COVID Zero” restrictions, in urban areas like Shanghai and Beijing a small but vocal number of protesters broadened their criticism to include the Communist Party and China’s wider political system. After the protests ended, some of the most vocal participants were detained by authorities in the early months of 2023, much like a similar crackdown on the #MeToo movement in 2021.

A Brief Primer On Using CAD For HVAC Layout Designs As an HVAC professional, you know that successful projects require precision, efficiency, and collaboration. Achieving these qualities is made significantly easier through the use of CAD software for your HVAC layout designs. To get more news about CAD User Guide, you can visit shine news official website. With numerous benefits ranging from detailed modeling to energy-efficient planning, CAD tools have truly revolutionized the HVAC industry. In this article, we'll explore the key roles of CAD in HVAC design and provide helpful insights on selecting the right tool to streamline your workflow. This ensures both a smooth process and effective results. Let's dive in! Selecting the Right CAD Tool When it comes to choosing the ideal CAD tool for your HVAC layout designs, it's crucial to compare various options available in the market. A popular choice is comparing Fusion 360 with Solidworks, as both tools offer powerful features for different design needs. It's essential to consider factors such as user interface, ease of use, pricing, and specific features tailored to HVAC design. By evaluating these aspects and how well each software aligns with your project requirements, you can make a more informed decision on which tool best suits your specific needs. In short, taking the time to carefully assess and compare available CAD tools like Fusion 360 and Solidworks will ensure that you select the right software that simplifies and improves your HVAC design process while keeping up with industry standards. The Role of CAD in HVAC Designs 1. Creating Detailed 2D and 3D Models The first role of CAD in HVAC layout designs revolves around creating detailed 2D and 3D models. These models help you visualize the entire HVAC system, including components like ducts, pipes, vents, and equipment such as air handling units or condensers. By having a clearer picture of how everything would look and function once installed, it becomes easier to plan out the overall design within your space. Moreover, CAD allows you to manipulate these models with ease. You can modify dimensions and orientations, and even test different configurations without much effort. In short, utilizing CAD software enables you to have a comprehensive understanding of the project at hand by providing realistic visualizations of your HVAC design. It assists in making smarter decisions about material selection and installation while ensuring optimal performance for the final result. 2. Automating Repetitive Tasks Another role CAD plays in HVAC layout designs is automating repetitive tasks, saving both time and effort. Imagine having to manually redraw HVAC symbols or make changes across multiple drawings every time a revision is required. With CAD software, those tasks can be done quickly and easily. For instance, you can create a library of standardized HVAC symbols that can be reused in various drawings. Similarly, when modifications are needed, the software allows you to make changes to multiple connected drawings all at once, ensuring consistency. By automating these mundane tasks, CAD streamlines the design process and reduces human errors, allowing you to focus on more critical aspects of your project. 3. Facilitating Collaboration CAD facilitates collaboration between various stakeholders, such as architects, engineers, and contractors. In any construction project, communication is key to ensuring that everyone stays on the same page and works towards a common goal. CAD software makes sharing design files and exchanging ideas much more efficient than traditional methods. Team members can quickly access the latest design files, provide feedback, or suggest changes by using commenting tools within the software. As a result, potential issues can be discussed and resolved early on, leading to smoother project execution. CAD enhances communication among stakeholders by providing an accessible platform for seamless collaboration and informed decision-making throughout the entire design process.

Will Xi take a new economic direction? As Chinese leader Xi Jinping kicks off his third term as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the economy that greets him today is vastly different than the one that saw him ascend to his role a decade ago. The decisions he makes during this new term risk reducing the Chinese economy by as much as five trillion dollars over the next five years, with potentially devastating effects for global growth.To get more china economy latest news, you can visit shine news official website. When Xi became China’s leader in 2012, he inherited a nation of newfound wealth growing at a rapid pace. Expanding at an average pace of around 7 percent a year, the Chinese economy nearly doubled in size over the course of Xi’s first two terms. Now, the situation is markedly different. For the first time since 1989, China will miss its annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth target. Officially, Beijing points to the sweeping COVID-19 restrictions it has implemented across the country to explain the slowdown. However, deceleration in growth prior to the start of the pandemic and economic crises including a meltdown in the property sector, distressed local government finances, and rising youth unemployment suggest that the slowdown may have deeper roots. As questions mount around China’s economic performance, new research from the Atlantic Council GeoEconomics Center and Rhodium Group’s China Pathfinder explores whether the growth slowdown is truly a temporary blip caused by Beijing’s pandemic response or a sign that China is splitting from market thinking. In evaluating China’s progress, the data—spanning from 2010 to 2021 and covering financial system development, market competition, trade openness, moves toward a modern innovation system, direct-investment openness, and portfolio openness—shows that China’s economy has unequivocally converged with open market economy norms, although the progress has been uneven. Though China remains behind economies such as Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, it has seen significant improvement in innovation and trade, with modest improvements in financial system development. In contrast, its progress in implementing reforms that support market competition and investment openness has been more piecemeal. Looking forward, China’s progress in trade openness and innovation will likely persist. The Twentieth Party Congress signaled no major changes in China’s economic-policy direction and Xi has pointed to trade and innovation as priorities for his third term. Still, there are gaps in that progress, suggesting deeper structural weakness that cannot be overcome quickly—putting China at risk of backsliding. Trade openness Over the past decade, Beijing has focused on integrating its economy with global trade flows of goods. It has lowered the tariffs it applies to imports—going from a mean tariff rate of around 10 percent in 2010 to 7.5 percent in 2021—and has increased the portion of global goods that flow through its economy from around 9 percent in 2010 to 12.5 percent in 2021. As Beijing follows an export-led growth model and pursues new trade deals, such as a possible deal with Uruguay, China’s barriers on trading goods will continue to fall through Xi’s third term. However, China’s trajectory on trade liberalization has not been so unequivocal. Non-tariff barriers on goods, services, and digital trade (alongside subsidies and Beijing’s refusal to adjust exchange rates to correct its balance of payments) muddle the story of China’s progress. Beijing’s restrictions on digital trade are of particular note given the growing significance of digital trade for advanced economies. China’s score in this area has worsened since 2014, a reflection of additional restrictions Xi imposed over the past eight years.

The great role of Computer Aided Design Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) is a process of using specialized computer software to create feature-rich 3D models that can be used in product design, engineering, architecture, and manufacturing. CAD is rapidly increasing in popularity, thanks to its ability to help designers save time and money while also producing higher-quality designs. In this blog post, we will explore the basics of CAD and how it is revolutionizing the world of design.To get more news about drawing cad, you can visit shine news official website. Computer-aided design – Wikipedia There are two main types of CAD: 2D CAD and 3D CAD. 2D CAD is typically used for creating drawings and sketches while 3D CAD is used for more complex designs and models. In 2D CAD, designers can create basic shapes and lines which can be modified with different tools. 3D CAD allows designers to create realistic models and simulations which can be interacted with from different angles. CAD has been around since the 1950s but it was not until the late 1970s that it became widely used in industry. Since then, it has become an essential tool for engineers and architects alike. A Review on Computer-Aided: As the world increasingly moves towards computer-aided design (CAD), it’s important to keep up with the latest CAD software. In this article, we’ll take a look at some of the best CAD software currently on the market. We’ll also provide an overview of what CAD is and how it’s used in various industries. CAD software is used to create 2D and 3D models of objects. These models can be used for a variety of purposes, such as manufacturing or architecture. There are a few things to consider when choosing a CAD software. First, you need to decide whether you want a 2D or 3D program. Second, you need to decide which platform you want to use: Windows, Mac, or Linux. Finally, you need to decide which features are most important to you and your workflow. Some of the best CAD software currently on the market include Autodesk Fusion 360, solidThinking Evolve, and Onshape. These programs offer a variety of features and support different platforms. If you’re just starting out with CAD, we recommend Autodesk Fusion 360. It’s a great all-around program that’s easy to use and has a wide range of features. If you’re looking for something more specialized, solidThinking Evolve is a great choice for product designers Computer aided design CAD Computer Aided Design (CAD) is the use of computers to create and manipulate designs. This allows for more precise and efficient design processes, as well as the ability to create complex designs that would otherwise be impossible to create by hand. CAD can be used for a variety of purposes, from creating architectural drawings to designing mechanical parts. CAD software is typically used by engineers, architects, and other professionals who need to create precise 2D or 3D designs. However, there are also many CAD programs aimed at hobbyists and those who just want to experiment with design. These programs can be much simpler and easier to use than professional CAD software, making them a great way to get started with computer-aided design. One of the most popular CAD programs is AutoCAD, which is used by millions of people around the world. While it is a powerful program, it can also be quite expensive. There are many cheaper alternatives available, some of which are even free. CAD software is used to create two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models of an object or space. 2D CAD software is used to create drawings and plans, while 3D CAD software is used to create models with more detail. CAD software can be used to create both static and dynamic models. Static models are typically used for planning and design purposes, while dynamic models are often used for simulations and animations. CAD software offers a number of advantages over traditional design methods. CAD allows designers to quickly create and iterate on designs, without the need for expensive prototypes or manual labor. CAD also provides a more accurate representation of an object or space, which can be useful for analyzing and optimizing designs. Finally, CAD files can be easily shared and edited by multiple people, making collaboration easier.

The New Panerai Luminor Tre Comes With A Modified Rolex Caliber It’s a good thing we stuck around after the Panerai touch-and-feel session at Watches and Wonders! While we were packing our stuff, we couldn’t help but notice frantic activity behind a curtain at the back of the booth. We couldn’t curb our curiosity and took a peek. We got rewarded with a photo shoot in progress and a watch we didn’t get to see during the presentation. What we saw was not the Luminor Due. It was something even smaller but bolder as well. The printed-out briefing lying next to the photographer revealed the name of the watch. What we were looking at was the Panerai Luminor Tre, a 31mm (!) version of the brand’s most iconic model. And there was one word in the papers that got us even more excited — “Rolex”. We managed to sneak in stealthily and have a closer look at the briefing that included a spec sheet.To get more news about panerai submersible replica, you can visit paneraireplica.co official website. In the current Panerai collection, the Luminor Due Luna with its 38mm case is the smallest model on offer. Apparently, though, that wasn’t small enough. But instead of just making the Luminor Due even smaller, Panerai opted for a different approach. We know this because the spec sheet of the Luminor Tre PAM0401 says that the 31mm watch is water resistant to 300 meters, just like a “real” Luminor. Also, the dial opening is very real. It might be small, but it does have the famous sandwich construction, and that makes all the difference. There’s no glimmering mother-of-pearl this time but a sober, matte, instrumental dial that, however tiny, looks timeless and offers proven functionality. The Panerai Luminor Tre reestablishes the Rolex connection What’s the biggest news? Is it the size of the watch, its impressive water resistance, or maybe something else? If you guessed the third option, you’re right. Yes, the new Luminor Tre reconnects Panerai with Rolex. Let’s not forget that in the early days of Panerai, Rolex made the cases for the Florence-based company and outfitted them with Cortébert pocket watch movements. This time, Panerai didn’t ask the famous Genevan brand to make the case but the movements instead. And that’s why inside the case of the Luminor Tre you will find the Rolex caliber 2236. That’s the movement in the 28mm Lady-Datejust, an automatic Superlative Chronometer caliber with Rolex’s patented silicon Syloxi balance spring. This movement, of course, has a central seconds hand, and the Luminor Tre doesn’t. On the spec sheet, it says that Panerai made an in-house small seconds module. The reason is obvious: the brand wanted to stay true to the iconic looks of the classic Luminor. What do you think? Is this the small yet tough, historically correct, and important Panerai watch that the world has been waiting for? We can’t wait for Watches and Wonders 2024 to touch and feel the Panerai Luminor Tre PAM0401 in the metal. Do you feel the same? Please leave your thoughts in the comments below, but before you do, I will give you some last food for thought. When you look at the new Luminor Tre, Panerai needs you to remember that “you don’t have to like it, you just have to do it!”

Panerai pays homage to the OG Radiomir Presented at the annual Watches & Wonders watches and jewellery fair in Geneva, the Italian luxury watchmaker unveiled new editions to line including Radiomir Otto Giorni, Radiomir California, and Radiomir Quaranta in Goldtech.To get more news about panerai ferrari replica, you can visit paneraireplica.co official website. Of the set, the most classic reinterpretation of the original Radiomir is the Otto Giorni. With its strong vintage aesthetic, it captures the retro spirit of the original. The hand-wound P.5000 calibre powers the timepiece and features an eight-day power reserve—a distinctive element and DNA of the brand—the long power reserve was vital for the Panerai pieces used by underwater commandos of the Italian Navy, guaranteeing reliability even in the most extreme conditions. Arguably the most striking of the new Radiomir collection is the Radiomir California. As part of the Radiomir family, Panerai introduces an exciting timepiece featuring never- before-seen details from the Maison. The Radiomir California’s launches its first ever 45mm sized dial, which historically was produced in 47mm, the green makes the watch a collector’s worthy piece. With the Radiomir Quaranta in Goldtech, not only are we (happily) seeing the new smaller 40mm size – ‘Quaranta’ meaning forty in Italian – for the tradition collection but with the case in Panerai’s patented Goldtech material, it offers something strikingly different. Eight decades ago, when the Radiomir was launched, it was a large 47mm case, due to its key requirement for legibility. Now, with the advancement of design (and more aesthetic purpose) the 40mm case size defines the collection’s essence, making a contemporary version of the icon.

Panerai luxury watches novelties We are delighted to announce the relaunch of Panerai’s legendary Radiomir collection at 2023 Watches & Wonders with six new references all paying homage to the original iconic Radiomir design, but with pioneering innovations developed for performance in response to evolving technical needs.To get more news about https://www.paneraireplica.co, you can visit paneraireplica.co official website. Radiomir Annual Calendar (PAM01363 & PAM01432) The first annual calendar complication for Panerai developed especially for the Radiomir collection with a new in-house movement P.9010/AC Calibre. The annual calendar is a notoriously sophisticated complication but Panerai has always been famous for developing movements with a clear and immediate readability, and its no change here as the dial clearly allows to display the complete information needed. Radiomir California (PAM01349) Inspired by Ref 3646 from the Panerai archives, the new Radiomir California is the first time ever that a California dial is crafted in 45mm. The case is set in Brunito eSteel™, another first for the brand, this watch appeals to watch connoisseurs in search of authenticity and storied timepieces with its green dial making the watch a collector worthy piece. Paying homage to the original Radiomir and its enduring legacy in shaping Panerai interpretations, the Radiomir Otto Giorni models featue strong vintage aesthetics. Inspired by the 1935 prototype conceived for the need for excellent readibility in often murky waters, these new Radiomirs continue this legacy and are hand-finished with an eSteel™ case giving each watch a unique character, paired with defining elements of the original Radiomir created for the Royal Italian Navy: cushion-shaped case, slim wire lugs, and signature sandwich dial. The most contemporary and versatile of the Radiomir interpretations, the new Radiomir Quaranta now comes in Panerai Goldtech™, expressing the spirit of its original precision through its continuing innovative pursuits. The intense red appearance of the Goldtech™ material is matched with a white sun-brushed dial and a matt brown alligator strap, it exudes understated and relaxed luxury to match modern lifestyle. Founded in Florence in 1860 as a workshop, shop and subsequently school of watch- making, for many decades Panerai supplied the Italian Navy and its specialist diving corps in particular with precision instruments. The designs developed by Panerai in that time, including the Luminor and Radiomir, were covered by the Military Secrets Act for many years and were launched on the international market only after the brand was acquired by the Richemont Group in 1997. Today Panerai develops and crafts its movements and watches at its Neuchâtel manufacture. The latter are a seamless melding of Italian design flair and history with Swiss horological expertise. Panerai watches are sold across the world through an exclusive network of distributors and Panerai boutiques.

THE ORIGINS WHERE IT ALL BEGAN For over a century, the Panerai family legacy has been intertwined with precision instruments made to accompany the Italian military in their exploits. Commissioned by the Royal Italian Navy to supply high-precision instruments, it was Guido Panerai’s Radiomir - a radium-based substance that illuminates for visibility in the dark – that began it all when it was patented in 1916.To get more news about paneraireplica.co, you can visit paneraireplica.co official website. An archival receipt shows that the Radiomir prototype was presented in 1935, and over the years, the sandwich construction has been progressively adjusted and is currently made of only two superimposed plates. Other improvements include the crown-protecting device, and a new luminous substance, the Luminor. A watch produced strictly for the military, the forces used it until the early 1970s, with its designs protected by military secrets. In 1996, Officine Panerai leaped into the commercial watch market in 1992, launching three collections of ten references in limited editions - the 44 mm Luminor and Luminor Marina watches and the 42 mm Mare Nostrum chronograph, which were presented on 10 September 1993 at the La Spezia military harbor in the presence of Duke Amedeo D’Aosta, son of Sir Aimone di Savoia, the then supreme head of the Italian diving department. Radiomir was only made public in 1997 when the Vendome Group – today Richemont Group - acquired Panerai, introducing the first Vendome special edition in sixty pieces - the PAM 21 model in a platinum version. The acquisition advanced Panerai’s history into contemporary developments from the reopening of the historic boutique in Piazza San Giovanni to the establishment of the Panerai Manufacture in Neuchatel where fine Swiss watchmaking meet innovation driven by an Italian soul. With a century of innovative instruments developed for performance in response to evolving technical needs, Panerai projects into the future via research, strategic partnerships, sustainability, and empowering modern heroes. These initiatives include eSteel?, a next-generation metal obtained from pre-consumer recycled steel scraps (up to 95%) coming from different industries, preferably from Swiss watchmaking industry, whose production significantly reduces CO2 emissions, and a partnership with the IOC-UNESCO to develop solutions with the aim of building a more sustainable, equitable society. An absolute homage to the original Radiomir and its enduring legacy in shaping modern Panerai interpretations, the new Radiomir Otto Giorni references feature strong vintage aesthetics that expounds on its retro spirit. Showcasing a characteristic antiquated look, it is inspired by the very first Radiomir prototype in 1935 which measured 47mm in diameter. The 1935 model’s entirely new dimensions of its time and design were conceived by the need for excellent readability in often murky waters near military ports. Its robustness, water resistance, and ease of reading sealed it as the sought-after instrument across different military units for various missions. To fulfil the ever-demanding military requirements, the Panerai family continuously improved on the original model introducing elements that include the now iconic sandwich dial to make the hour markers and numerals even more legible and luminescent. The new Radiomir Otto Giorni continues this legacy accentuating its appeal to watch connoisseurs in search of authenticity and storied timepieces. Every Radiomir Otto Giorni eSteel? case is hand-finished one by one to create a seasoned look, giving each watch a unique character. The intently weathered effect of the eSteel? case, created via PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), is paired with defining elements of the original Radiomir created for the Royal Italian Navy - cushion-shaped case, slim wire lugs, and signature sandwich dial. The Super-LumiNova? dial features a small seconds display at 9 o’clock, the case has an open back, and the sapphire glass crystal is domed, reminiscent of the Plexiglass? crystal of the past. The watch also has a cone-shaped crown, a design that distinguishes the Radiomir collection from other Panerai timepieces.

How to Learn Chinese Alphabet Online Chinese Alphabet, known as ‘Pīnyīn’ in Chinese, is the very essential step to start Chinese learning. Although it’s as same as English letters in writing, the pronunciation between them are quite different. This article lists the tips to help you learn it!To get more news about chinese alphabet for beginners, you can visit shine news official website. When we start to learn a language, we usually begin with an alphabet. However, given that Chinese is written in characters, which are pictographs and not individual letters that make up words, pinyin is the system that transposes characters into words. One of the main differences between Chinese and English, for example, is that Chinese is a tonal language, with “initials,” “finals” and “tones” that form words. In the word ”pīnyīn,” for example, pīn begin with the initial “p,” and the final “in” and uses the level tone “-.” There are 23 initials, 24 finals and 5 tones in Chinese. An initial followed by a final can make up a complete syllable – spoken with a tone. For most Mandarin learners, the challenge is learning the different tones to correctly pronounce the word. Tones give Mandarin a very distinctive quality, but it could also be a source of miscommunication if one pronounces them incorrectly. From my experience in talking with foreigners in Chinese, most haven’t paid enough attention to the tones, thus sometimes I can’t understand what they say. After understanding the pronunciation of the tones, here comes another question: how to mark the tones? Most of time we place the tone mark above the first initial. However, whenever there are two initials that start with “i,” “u,”or “ü,”’ we mark the tone above the second initial.