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Laser Surface Hardening of Tool Steels—Experimental and Numerical Analysis

This research work is focused on both experimental and numerical analysis of laser surface hardening of AISI M2 high speed tool steel. Experimental analysis aims at clarifying effect of different laser processing parameters on properties and performance of laser surface treated specimens. Numerical analysis is concerned with analytical approaches that provide efficient tools for estimation of surface temperature, surface hardness and hardened depth as a function of laser surface hardening parameters. Get more news about Laser Surface Quenching Process For Sale,you can vist our website!
Results indicated that optimization of laser processing parameters including laser power, laser spot size and processing speed combination is of considerable importance for achieving maximum surface hardness and deepest hardened zone. In this concern, higher laser power, larger spot size and lower processing speed are more efficient. Hardened zone with 1.25 mm depth and 996 HV surface hardness was obtained using 1800 W laser power, 4 mm laser spot size and 0.5 m/min laser processing speed. The obtained maximum hardness of laser surface treated specimen is 23% higher than that of conventionally heat treated specimen. This in turn has resulted in 30% increase in wear resistance of laser surface treated specimen.
Numerical analysis has been carried out for calculation of temperature gradient and cooling rate based on Ashby and Easterling equations. Then, surface hardness and hardened depth have been numerically estimated based on available Design-Expert software. Numerical results indicated that cooling rate of laser surface treated specimen is high enough to be beyond the nose of the CCT diagram of the used steel that in turn resulted in a hard/martensitic structure. Numerically estimated values of surface temperature, surface hardness and hardened depth as a function of laser processing parameters are in a good agreement with experimental results. Laser processing charts indicating expected values of surface temperature, surface hardness and hardened depth as a function of different wider range of laser processing parameters are proposed.
Aug 23 '21 · 0 comments
Eco Friendly Smooth Softener Flakes for Cotton JV-80Y


Cool dilution: pour the flakes slowly into water (30℃) in the proportion of 6-10%, stir the mixture slowly to split the flakes for 3-5 minutes , then leave the mixture aside for 1-2 hours. After observing the flakes are totally dissolved, restir the mixture slowly to get an even paste.Get more news about Softener Flake For Cotton,you can vist our website!

Warm dilution: pour the flakes slowly into room temperature water in the proportion of 6-10%,stir and heat to 50-60℃ until the flakes melt and become a paste.
3、 Main performance

1.Work wonderfully in knitting goods, terylene and cotton finishing, give the textiles perfect soft and smooth hand feels..

2.an excellent softener for chemical fiber and cotton. CT gives the fabrics softener and soother hand feels.

3.can be used in grab mill. It will be easier for the needle to enter the nap and get the neat nap with stereoscopic feel.
4、 Application method

Padding process: 2-3g/l, exhaust and pad at 30-40℃

Dipping process: 0.3-0.5% (o. w. f), bath ratio 1:10-15 for 15-30 minutes at 40-50℃

5、 Packaging and storage

The shelf life is 1 year when store in a cool, dry and dark room.
Aug 23 '21 · 0 comments
Luxe eco-friendly notebooks made with stone paper


Sydney-based company Karst Stone Paper recognised that the need for paper isn’t going away any time soon, and decided to make an alternative that’s not only better for our planet, but an arguably better product than traditional paper. The stone paper in Karst’s luxurious hardcover and softcover notebooks are made from one of the most abundant substances on earth: Calcium carbonate. Waste stone from the mining and construction industries is recycled and repurposed by crushing it into a powder, and combining it with a non-toxic, recyclable binding agent to make stone paper. No trees, water, wastes, acids or bleaches are used and the manufacturing process leaves a smaller carbon footprint than traditional paper by 60 per cent.Get more news about Waterproof Stone Paper Notebook Cheap Envelopes,you can vist our website!

Not only is it eco-friendly, stone paper also has a super smooth feel, a bright white colour and is both waterproof and tear resistant. Ink doesn’t bleed through and with no grain direction on it, unlike traditional paper, the stone paper is a pleasure to write on as pens glide smoothly across the pages. Design-wise, the luxurious notebooks are sleek, minimal and bound in hard- or softcovers. Sketchpads and planners are also available.
Aug 23 '21 · 0 comments
The History of the Lapeyre Shrimp Peeling Machine



The shrimp processing industry has a long and storied history, lined with a multitude of different innovations that have propelled the industry further and further forward to optimize the production of shrimp for the shrimp lovers of the world. Few inventions in the field have had a greater impact on both the Gulf Coast shrimping industry and the industry worldwide than the Lapeyre Shrimp Peeling Machine.Get more news about shrimp peeling machine,you can vist our website!

It all began in 1949 when sixteen-year-old James Martial Lapeyre from Houma, Louisiana had received a challenge from his father, a shrimp plant owner, to design an automated shrimp peeler. An incredibly inventive and creative young man, James’s mental gears began turning one day when he stepped on a shrimp with his rubber boot and found that the meat had been cleanly shot out of it.

“I got my original idea, believe it or not, in church… When I was supposed to be praying, I was thinking about how to get the shrimp out of the shell… And so, when I got down to the plant the next time, I began to step just to the side of the shrimp with my rubber boots to see if I could in fact squeeze the shell from the meat. And… it worked.”

James ran with this idea and began augmenting his mother’s washing machine with rubber rollers. Using running water and mechanical pressure to feed shrimp into, he discovered the machine’s “inch and release” effect didn’t damage the shrimp, but cleanly separated the meat from them: the first prototype of the Lapeyre Shrimp Peeling Machine was born, and the rest is history.

Each machine is able to individually peel approximately 1,000 pounds of shrimp an hour, with the batches being anywhere from 10 to 200 count of shrimp per pound. For comparison, hand-peeling the same amount would take up to 150 experienced shrimp peelers. The peeling machine’s design was so successful, modern-day Model A Automatic Shrimp Peelers from Laitram Machinery Inc. (founded by none other than J.M. Lapeyre himself) are virtually identical to the first Lapeyre Shrimp Peeling Machines from 1949!

This single change to the process impacted not only how quickly shrimp could be peeled and how much could be sold, but also the very economy of shrimp itself. See, processors began noticing that shrimp peeled with the Lapeyre Shrimp Peeling Machine had a significantly larger yield of shrimp per barrel than through hand-peeling, the reason being that the machine actually recovered 5 – 10% more meat from the head and tail-ends of the shrimp than could be maintained through hand-peeling. With this leading to overall lower processing costs, shrimp could then be sold for a lower price to a larger market. This helped expand shrimp processing from a local operation to a global one: all through the work of one miraculous invention.
Aug 23 '21 · 0 comments
CLAWGUARD Protection Tape



CLAWGUARD protection tape is Clear Single-sided adhesive film which provides durable protection against pets that scratch and damage window sills, furniture, weather stripping, couches, car door interior, glass and more! Tested against sharp cat claws and persistent scratching by dogs. Full roll measures 4 inches by 10 feet. Crystal Clear to match décor and can be cut to size with household scissors with no sticky residue. 100% Made in USA! Key terms include scratch guard, couch protector, cat clawing furniture, furniture guard, cat training tape, floor shield, best protection tape, dog and cat, scratch barrier, sofa protector, door protection from scratching, clawguard, claw guard, dog scratching, claw shield, window sill protector, sill shield, door shield, door frame protection, cat nip, stop cat scratching, furniture defender, carpet protector, screen protection and cat training barrier.Get more news about Blue Green Pet Protection Tape,you can vist our website!
You’re not alone. Dogs, Cats, Birds, Rabbits and other pets can cause damage to your home. Unsightly scratch marks, home repairs and lost deposits can be expensive. Now there is a low cost solution to help protect surfaces from sharp nails, slobber, scratching and clawing

Simply remove the protective liner from one side of the protection tape. Apply your pet protection tape to the desired area and gently press out any bubbles that may be present to ensure a transparent and smooth finish. Each roll has 4in x 10ft of protection.

Designed with quality to protect against sharp nails from scratching, clawing and damage caused by the biggest (and smallest) dog, cat, bird, rabbit or other pet. We combined crystal clear, high tech plastic with a customized adhesive to produce a tough and tested barrier designed to match any decor to keep your home interior clean and beautiful. No sticky residue!

Made from high quality and recyclable products to protect pet paws from injury. Persistent scratching and clawing can result in Splinters and Paint chips that cause irritation and infection to dog and cat paws and nails. Keep your pets safe where and when needed. Easily cut to size and wipe clean with a damp cloth to revitalize clean fresh look.

We feel it’s important to support U.S. workers and businesses. Quality manufacturing and QA testing is done to ensure the best stability and reliability of each roll of CLAWGUARD Protection Tape. Clear, waterproof, and slobber proof. Made 100% in the USA.
Aug 23 '21 · 0 comments
Yellowstone National Park’s Automated Vehicle Shuttle System Now In Operation


The Electric Driverless Demonstration in Yellowstone (T.E.D.D.Y.) successfully transported its first passengers in the Canyon Village Campground area.Get more news about Automatic Shuttle Transfer System,you can vist our website!

There are two low speed electric automated shuttles in the park, and they are being used to understand how automated vehicle shuttle technology can be used in parks and how visitors perceive and engage these services.

Park Superintendent Cam Sholly says the data from this pilot program, will help guide long-term management decisions regarding transportation in national parks.Automated vehicle innovations may lead to widespread mobility breakthroughs for people who use conventional vehicles and services. But vehicle automation can also enable nonconventional vehicles.

Low-speed automated shuttles are one novel vehicle class that the U.S. DOT Volpe Center examined in a recent state-of-the-practice report.Low-speed automated shuttles are similar to other kinds of automated vehicles, but they are unique in design, operations, and the services they provide. They may hold up to 15 passengers, have a top speed of 25 miles per hour or lower, and typically cruise at about 10 miles per hour.

Unlike most vehicles with automation capabilities on the road today, low-speed automated shuttles operate at a high level of automation. During testing and early deployment, they have an attendant on board to take control if there is an emergency. The current generation of low-speed automated shuttles can provide only limited services in limited conditions.
Low-speed automated shuttle projects are sponsored by a range of entities, including government agencies, the private sector, and academia.

In the short term, these entities conduct pilot projects to gather data, spur economic development, and expose the public to the technology. In the long-term, deployers aim to improve road safety and address transportation problems, such as first- and last-mile connections.
Aug 23 '21 · 0 comments
Thin Porcelain Tile



The tile industry has talked about the market entrance and acceptance of an imported product which has had a myriad of names such as thin tiles, porcelain tile panels, and what the current Tile Council of North America (TCNA) Handbook refers to as “reduced thickness porcelain tiles.” Working through these titles, it has commonly become known as “Thin Porcelain Tile” or TPT for several years.Get more news about Glazed Polished Porcelain Tile,you can vist our website!

Without an established American National Standards Institute (ANSI) product standard, this or any other product for that matter, can be called by whatever term is most popular and accepted. However, with a draft document for this product now in place and soon to be reviewed and balloted, TPT as we have known it is about to disappear. As currently proposed, the title of this category will soon be changing.

For the establishment of a new standard for TPT or any other product to take place, two components must be formed. The first is the creation of specifications describing the minimum physical properties for the product, including their basis for acceptance and methods of testing before and after installation; their marking and certification of the same and the definitions of terms relating to these products. Extensive testing and retesting is required to form a baseline or pattern of results. After the pattern is established and documented, work can begin on writing the new product standard, which many times take years to complete.
Within the ANSI specifications for ceramic tile, there are several designations, including A108, A118, A136 and A137. However, in this conversation, we will focus on just two of them: A137 and A108.

The A137 classifications include manufacturing specifications and testing procedures for tile products. A137.1 covers ceramic tile (American National Standard Specifications for Ceramic Tile) while A137.2 covers glass tile (American National Standard Specifications for Glass Tile). This new category is proposed to be known as A137.3 and identified as Gauged Porcelain Tiles and Gauged Porcelain Panels/Slabs. Following the loosely established tradition of adopting acronyms, will the tile industry call this product “GPT and GPTPS?” We shall see.

The A137.3 specifications describe the minimum physical properties of Gauged Porcelain Tile and Gauged Porcelain Tile Panels/Slabs and back-layered (a reinforcing product, commonly mesh, adhered to the back) Gauged Porcelain Tiles and Gauged Porcelain Tile Panels/Slabs manufactured to a specific nominal thickness and includes three grades of material: Standard, Second and Specialty.

This specification is broken into two categories — tiles and panels/slabs — to differentiate the two. The panels/slabs are a ceramic tile of a size greater than or equal to one square meter. A product less than one square meter will be recognized simply as tile.
Aug 23 '21 · 0 comments
Millimeter Wave Radar Market Size



Millimeter Wave Radar Market Global 2021 presents point by point real assessment including the Market Share, Size, Future extension. This assessment portrays the general Health and Safety Products breakdown information by makers, region, type and applications, in like way takes a gander at the market drivers, openings and inconveniences. Millimeter Wave Radar Market Report will fuse the assessment of the effect of COVID-19 on this industry.Get more news about millimeter wave radar,you can vist our website!

Global "Millimeter Wave Radar Market" report 2021 offers the chief exceptional market data on the specific market situation, patterns and standpoint for Millimeter Wave Radar. The examination incorporates notable market data and conjectures till 2025 that makes the report a helpful asset for business leaders, marketing, deals and product directors, experts, and others looking for key industry information in promptly available and unmistakably given tables and charts.

Millimeter Wave Radar Industry 2021 Market Research Report gives select imperative insights, information, data, patterns and cutthroat scene subtleties in this specialty area. This reports gives current status to Millimeter Wave Radar market gauge till 2025. Likely, the report likewise centers around worldwide significant makers of Millimeter Wave Radar market share giving data, for example, organization profiles, item picture and detail, limit, creation, value, cost, income and contact data. Upstream crude materials and gear and downstream interest examination is likewise completed.

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 disease began to spread around the world, millions of people worldwide were infected with COVID-19 disease, and major countries around the world have implemented foot prohibitions and work stoppage orders. Except for the medical supplies and life support products industries, most industries have been greatly impacted, and Millimeter Wave Radar industries have also been greatly affected.

This Report covers the maker’s information, including shipment, value, income, net benefit, talk with record, business conveyance and so on, Millimeter Wave Radar Market Trends and information help the buyer think about the contenders better. This report additionally covers every one of the districts and nations of the world, which shows a local improvement status, including market size, volume and worth, just as value information.
Besides, Millimeter Wave Radar market segments report also covers data, including: type segment, industry segment, channel segment etc. cover different segment market size, both volume and value. Also cover different industries client information, which is important for the manufacturers.
Aug 23 '21 · 0 comments
Everything You Need to Know About UV Flashlights



UV flashlights are great tools for seeing and observing things that are normally invisible. But with so many choices and technical terms, it can be a bit confusing and challenging to know if you are making the right purchase. Read our guide to be assured that you're getting the best product!Get more news about High Power Uv Pen Light,you can vist our website!
A UV flashlight emits ultraviolet radiation - a type of light energy - that is not visible to the human eye. When ultraviolet light hits certain objects, they can fluoresce - a phenomenon similar to a bright glow. Many objects and substances such as paints, dyes, minerals, animals and body fluids exhibit fluorescence, which means that the presence of these things can be detected only when a UV light source shines on them.

A UV flashlight takes the same shape and format as a standard white light flashlight, but instead of emitting white light, emits ultraviolet light. Virtually all UV flashlights use LED technology.UV lighting has a wide variety of applications, but UV flashlights can be most useful in situations where portability and ease of use is important. UV flashlights are generally not strong enough to induce any chemical or physical reactions (e.g. curing) but provide enough UV light to observe fluorescence effects.
Because UV flashlights vary in their type and quality, it can be difficult to know if, and which UV flashlights will work for your particular use case without looking at the specifications. See below for things to look out for:

Get the correct wavelength. UV light is actually a general term for a wide range of UV wavelengths across the UV spectrum. Just like visible light is measured along a visible spectrum, UV light is also described along a spectrum using its wavelength, measured in nanometers (nm). When looking for any UV light, it is extremely important to know what wavelength (in nanometers, or nm) the light is emitting at.
Why is the wavelength so important? Well, in short, to be useful, a UV light needs to induce fluorescence. Not all UV wavelengths are capable of producing sufficient fluorescence effects, so you could be completely missing the mark, by purchasing the wrong wavelength.

Although optimal wavelengths can vary across materials and objects, most fluorescence is strongest in the wavelengths around 360 nm. Therefore, it is important that you purchase a UV flashlight with a wavelength at or near 365 nm - otherwise, the UV energy produced by the flashlight may be completely useless and producing the fluorescent glow you are looking for.
Because of the trends in LED manufacturing, higher wavelength LEDs are easier and more cost effective to manufacture. As a result, 415 nm (visible, violet light) LEDs and 405 nm (borderline visible violet light) are often used as "ultraviolet" LEDs. If a seller or manufacturer does not list the wavelength used - be careful - as they could very well be using a violet or purple LED that is not a true UV light source.

A common wavelength option is 395 nm. Strictly speaking, these are considered to be ultraviolet LEDs when we use the definition of < 400 nm to define UV. But because these LEDs are so close to the 400 nm cut-off, they still emit much of their energy as violet light. As a result, many objects will be illuminated in a dull violet color, without providing enough lower-wavelength UV light to induce fluorescence.Does it provide enough power? Even the correct wavelength of UV light can be useless if there simply isn't enough of it. In other words, you need to make sure you have both quality (good wavelength) and quantity.

But how do you know how much UV light is being emitted? Unfortunately, this is a tricky specification that most products do not list. Unlike white flashlights that use the lumens metric to describe brightness, because UV is invisible, this measure does not apply. Although there are ways to measure UV light, this may not be too practical when shopping for UV flashlights, as most manufacturers will not provide much information.

Generally, two aspects of a UV flashlight's design will dictate how much UV light it can pump out. The first is the power consumption, usually rated in watts. Most smaller flashlights will run at 1W or so, while larger flashlights may run at 3W or more. Don't be fooled by the LED quantity - just because there are more LEDs does not necessarily mean that there is more power. What matters is the total power - 1 LED running at 3 watts is more power than 3 LEDs running at 0.5 watts each.

The second aspect is LED efficiency. Not all LEDs convert the same ratio of electrical energy to UV light energy, and this can play an important role in determining the amount of UV light energy is ultimately emitted. A low efficiency LED can mean that even a high power UV flashlight is not actually producing much useful UV light output. It isn't easy to determine UV LED efficiency, but generally, look out for lower-priced UV flashlights, as the LED chip is typically the most expensive component in a flashlight, and low efficiency values are typically the result of low-cost or over-driven LED chips.
Aug 22 '21 · 0 comments
Dental instruments - more than just a tool



The comparison clearly shows that while instruments with a conventional coating (on the left) are already displaying significant signs of wear after two years of practice use, instruments coated with silicon oxide (on the right) exhibit no signs of use at all.Get more news about Dental Instruments,you can vist our website!

The chrome-plated stainless steel outer parts owe their robust properties to the innovative silicon oxide layer. W&H has already filed a patent application for this coating. Thanks to the unique combination of high-grade base metal and an ultra-thin sealing layer, the W&H instruments are characterized by maximum robustness and value retention. However, not only is the lifetime significantly increased: the aesthetic appearance of the instruments is also maintained for several years - clearly an asset for any modern dental practice.

High-quality, well-serviced handpieces are the calling card of a well-managed dental practice. Their outer appearance, however, quickly loses its shine due to the high loads exerted during the preparation process. W&H can provide perfect surface protection with the help of the latest coating technology. Signs of wear and tear are now a thing of the past. The high-quality instruments fully meet the aesthetic requirements of both patient and dentist.

Nowadays, a well cared for exterior is a matter of course in many areas of life. Our first impression of people is heavily influenced by their outer appearance. We judge them completely subconsciously within a matter of seconds. This first impression is also a key factor in dental treatments: the patient draws conclusions about the quality of the treatment from looking at the dental instruments. To the dismay of dentists, many instruments tend to look worn and unsightly after only a short time due to the high demands placed on them during sterilization and reconditioning. The instruments give an outdated impression despite the fact that they function perfectly.
Following the market’s requirement for durable products, W&H developed a unique scratch-resistant surface. The aim of this additional coating is to increase the durability and longevity of the dental handpieces and also to convey a high-end impression. Surgical instruments, along with the Synea Vision range, are provided with this innovative coating. As a result, W&H products offer maximum robustness even under extreme loads.

W&H develops its products exclusively in close collaboration with the user. Information regarding the essential needs of patient and dentist was collected in many discussions with dentists all over the world. Michael Pointner, Strategic Product Manager, says, “We were particularly surprised by the enormous influence that a dental practice’s surroundings have on the patient’s mood. We defined our product requirements based on this knowledge. Our primary aim is to meet the high demand for quality expressed by the dental practices.”
A number of different coatings were investigated for their usability in the W&H research and development department; they were tested in the laboratory and ultimately trialled by dentists in routine daily practice work. Dipl.-Ing. Beate Wagner was in charge of this. The materials scientist says that developing a coating that would satisfy the exacting requirements for instrument surfaces posed a particular challenge.

“During development, the aim was to find a coating that was characterized by excellent durability and high wear resistance. During their lifetime, instruments pass through a huge number of conditioning cycles. It is therefore important that the surface can withstand the extreme loads,” Wagner explains. “Other aspects are the instrument’s grip, the coating’s biological compatibility and the possibility of easy cleaning. We can meet all these criteria perfectly by applying an innovative inorganic coating. The coating is produced using a special process known as plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition and offers optimum all-round protection.”
Aug 22 '21 · 0 comments
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