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Security Council Calls for Early Entry into Force of Nuclear
Speakers Highlight Treaty's Role in Non Proliferation, Text's Failure to Detail Obligations of Nuclear Weapon States towards Full Disarmament
Marking the twentieth anniversary of the opening for signature of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the Security Council today called for the instrument's early entry into force and for all States to refrain from and maintain their moratoriums on nuclear weapon tests or any other nuclear explosions.
Adopting resolution 2310 (2016) by a vote of 14 in favour to none against, with 1abstention (Egypt), the 15 member body urged all States that had either not signed or ratified the Treaty particularly the eight remaining Annex 2 nuclear weapon States to do so without further delay. The Council encouraged all State signatories to promote the instrument's universality, affirming that its early entry into force would help enhance international peace and security.
The Council further noted the Joint Statement on the Treaty last week by its five permanent members China, France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom and the United States in which they noted that, among other things, a nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion would defeat the Treaty's object and purpose.
Also by the text, all States were called upon to provide the support required to enable the Treaty Organization's Preparatory Commission the body tasked with building up the instrument's verification regime to complete its tasks in the most efficient and cost effective way. States hosting International Monitoring System facilities were encouraged to transmit data to the International Data Centre on a testing and provisional basis, pending the Treaty's entry into force.
Members of the Council took the floor to voice their positions on the resolution, with a number of speakers emphasizing the document's tangible contribution to nuclear non proliferation. Still others, however, raised concerns that the text failed to explicitly highlight the responsibilities of nuclear weapon States to pursue complete disarmament.
John Kerry, Secretary of State of the United States, spoke before the resolution's adoption, stressing that today Member States had a chance to reaffirm the Test Ban Treaty's promise of a more secure and peaceful planet. Recalling that he had grown up in a world full of fear of nuclear war, in which the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in a tit for tat arms race that had ultimately led to those States pointing 50,000nuclear warheads at each other, he said the world had since moved in a different direction. The Council's action today could further reaffirm to people everywhere that a world without nuclear weapons was possible and that States were doing everything possible to make that future a reality.
Hisham Badr, Deputy Foreign Minister for International Institutions and Organizations of Egypt, also spoke prior to the vote, outlining six concerns over the resolution. Emphasizing that the Council was not the appropriate forum to address the Test Ban Treaty in the way the text had attempted, he said the document failed to highlight the importance of the Non Proliferation Treaty or address the urgency and criticality of steps towards nuclear disarmament. Among other things, he warned that the absence of nuclear disarmament from the text severely undermined its credibility and sent the wrong message to the international community that the Council had engaged in a "cherry picking" approach to disarmament.
Venezuela's representative said his delegation had voted in favour of the resolution as it marked a positive step towards nuclear disarmament. While he would have liked to see the text include more categorical language on the specific obligations of nuclear weapon States, he called on the eight remaining Annex 2 States to ratify the instrument without further delay. Emphasizing that the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons was a violation of the Charter and international law, as well as a crime against humanity, he called on all States to abstain from carrying out tests of such weapons including simulations aimed at perfecting their use.
The representative of New Zealand, Council President for September, spoke in his national capacity, stressing that while the anniversary of the adoption of the Test Ban Treaty was reason to celebrate, it was deeply disappointing that the Treaty was still not in force. New Zealand shared the reservations of other Council members about the reference in the resolution to the Joint Statement by five nuclear weapon States who also happened to be permanent Council members, he said, adding that "we are uncomfortable with this Council being used to validate the perspectives" of any group.
Japan's delegate was among speakers who drew attention to the activities of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which had recently conducted its second nuclear test in a single year. Such actions were flagrant and unacceptable violations of relevant Council resolutions, including resolution 2270 (2016), he said, strongly condemning them and demanding that the country end its provocations and comply with its international commitments. Noting that the Council had begun work on a resolution addressing those actions, he said his delegation looked forward to working closely with other Member States in that regard.
Also speaking were ministers, secretaries and representatives of Ukraine, Senegal, Spain, United Kingdom, Russian Federation, China, France, Angola, Malaysia and Uruguay.
"Recalling its resolution 1887 (2009), and reaffirming its firm commitment to the Treaty on the Non Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in all its aspects,
"Reaffirming the statement of its President adopted at the Council's meeting at the level of Heads of State and Government on 31January 1992 (S/23500), including the need for all Member States to fulfil their obligations in relation to arms control and disarmament and to prevent proliferation in all its aspects of all weapons of mass destruction,
"Underlining that the NPT remains the cornerstone of the nuclear non proliferation regime and the essential foundation for the pursuit of nuclear disarmament and for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy,
"Reaffirming that proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and their means of delivery, constitutes a threat to international peace and security,
"Recalling that the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (Treaty), adopted by the General Assembly by its resolution 50/245 of 10September 1996, was opened for signature on 24September 1996, and that States Signatories, by their resolution on 19November 1996, including paragraph 7 thereof, established the Preparatory Commission (PrepCom) imitation van cleef jewelry for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization,
"Recognizing that a universal and internationally and effectively verifiable test ban treaty that has entered into force is the most effective way to ban nuclear weapon test explosions and any other nuclear explosions, and that an end to all such nuclear weapon test explosions and any other nuclear explosions will constrain the development and qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons and end the development of advanced new types of nuclear weapons,
"Recognizing that early entry into force of the Treaty will constitute an effective nuclear disarmament and non proliferation measure that would contribute to the achievement of a world without nuclear weapons,
"Welcoming progress made towards universalization of the Treaty, noting that 183States have signed the Treaty and 166States have deposited their instruments of ratification, and further noting that of the 44States listed in Annex 2 to the Treaty, whose ratification is needed for its entry into force, 41 have signed and 36 have both signed and ratified the Treaty, including several nuclear weapons States,
"Welcoming the efforts of Member States of the PrepCom and its Provisional Technical Secretariat to build all elements of the Treaty's verification regime, unprecedented in its global reach, recognizing the maturity of and progress achieved in the establishment of the International Monitoring System (IMS), as well as the satisfactory functioning of the International Data Centre (IDC) that has demonstrated its ability to provide independent and reliable means to ensure compliance with the Treaty once it enters into force, and emphasizing the continuing progress in developing, exercising, and demonstrating the advanced technologies and logistical capabilities necessary to execute on site inspections,
"Stressing the vital importance and urgency of achieving the early entry into force of the Treaty,
"1. Urges all States that have either not signed or not ratified the Treaty, particularly the eight remaining Annex 2 States, to do so without further delay;
"2. Encourages all State Signatories, including Annex 2 States, to promote the universality and early entry into force of the Treaty;
"3. Recalls the statements by each of the five nuclear weapon States, noted by resolution 984 (1995), in which they give security assurances against the use of nuclear weapons to non nuclear weapon State Parties to the NPT, and affirms that such security assurances strengthen the nuclear non proliferation regime;
"4. Calls upon all States to refrain from conducting any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion and to maintain their moratoria in this regard, commends those States' national moratoria, some of which are established by national legislation pending entry into force of the Treaty, emphasizes that such moratoria are an example of responsible international behaviour that contributes to international peace and stability and should continue, while stressing that such moratoria do not have the same permanent and legally binding effect as entry into force of the Treaty, and notes the Joint Statement on the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty by China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America of 15September 2016, in which those States noted that, inter alia, "a nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion would defeat the object and purpose of the CTBT";
"5. Underlines the need to maintain momentum towards completion of all elements of the Treaty verification regime, and in this regard, calls upon all States to provide the support required to enable the PrepCom to complete all its tasks in the most efficient and cost effective way, and encourages all States hosting International Monitoring System facilities to transmit data to the IDC on a testing and provisional basis, pending entry into force of the Treaty;
"6. Welcomes the voluntary information in the national statements in the PrepCom by States listed in Annex 1 to the Protocol to the Treaty imitation van cleef necklace as responsible for one or more facilities of the IMS on the status of completing the construction of those facilities as well as regarding the status of transmission of data from their facilities to the IDC, encourages States hosting IMS facilities to complete construction of the IMS facilities in a timely manner as provided for by the Treaty and text on the establishment of the PrepCom, and invites the Provisional Technical Secretariat to provide a report to all State Signatories within 180days van cleef arpels alhambra knock off necklace of the adoption of this resolution on the status of States Signatories assessed contributions to the PrepCom and any additional support provided by State Signatories for the completion of the Treaty's verification regime and for the maintenance and operational needs for the IDC and IMS;
Speakers Highlight Treaty's Role in Non Proliferation, Text's Failure to Detail Obligations of Nuclear Weapon States towards Full Disarmament
Marking the twentieth anniversary of the opening for signature of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the Security Council today called for the instrument's early entry into force and for all States to refrain from and maintain their moratoriums on nuclear weapon tests or any other nuclear explosions.
Adopting resolution 2310 (2016) by a vote of 14 in favour to none against, with 1abstention (Egypt), the 15 member body urged all States that had either not signed or ratified the Treaty particularly the eight remaining Annex 2 nuclear weapon States to do so without further delay. The Council encouraged all State signatories to promote the instrument's universality, affirming that its early entry into force would help enhance international peace and security.
The Council further noted the Joint Statement on the Treaty last week by its five permanent members China, France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom and the United States in which they noted that, among other things, a nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion would defeat the Treaty's object and purpose.
Also by the text, all States were called upon to provide the support required to enable the Treaty Organization's Preparatory Commission the body tasked with building up the instrument's verification regime to complete its tasks in the most efficient and cost effective way. States hosting International Monitoring System facilities were encouraged to transmit data to the International Data Centre on a testing and provisional basis, pending the Treaty's entry into force.
Members of the Council took the floor to voice their positions on the resolution, with a number of speakers emphasizing the document's tangible contribution to nuclear non proliferation. Still others, however, raised concerns that the text failed to explicitly highlight the responsibilities of nuclear weapon States to pursue complete disarmament.
John Kerry, Secretary of State of the United States, spoke before the resolution's adoption, stressing that today Member States had a chance to reaffirm the Test Ban Treaty's promise of a more secure and peaceful planet. Recalling that he had grown up in a world full of fear of nuclear war, in which the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in a tit for tat arms race that had ultimately led to those States pointing 50,000nuclear warheads at each other, he said the world had since moved in a different direction. The Council's action today could further reaffirm to people everywhere that a world without nuclear weapons was possible and that States were doing everything possible to make that future a reality.
Hisham Badr, Deputy Foreign Minister for International Institutions and Organizations of Egypt, also spoke prior to the vote, outlining six concerns over the resolution. Emphasizing that the Council was not the appropriate forum to address the Test Ban Treaty in the way the text had attempted, he said the document failed to highlight the importance of the Non Proliferation Treaty or address the urgency and criticality of steps towards nuclear disarmament. Among other things, he warned that the absence of nuclear disarmament from the text severely undermined its credibility and sent the wrong message to the international community that the Council had engaged in a "cherry picking" approach to disarmament.
Venezuela's representative said his delegation had voted in favour of the resolution as it marked a positive step towards nuclear disarmament. While he would have liked to see the text include more categorical language on the specific obligations of nuclear weapon States, he called on the eight remaining Annex 2 States to ratify the instrument without further delay. Emphasizing that the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons was a violation of the Charter and international law, as well as a crime against humanity, he called on all States to abstain from carrying out tests of such weapons including simulations aimed at perfecting their use.
The representative of New Zealand, Council President for September, spoke in his national capacity, stressing that while the anniversary of the adoption of the Test Ban Treaty was reason to celebrate, it was deeply disappointing that the Treaty was still not in force. New Zealand shared the reservations of other Council members about the reference in the resolution to the Joint Statement by five nuclear weapon States who also happened to be permanent Council members, he said, adding that "we are uncomfortable with this Council being used to validate the perspectives" of any group.
Japan's delegate was among speakers who drew attention to the activities of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which had recently conducted its second nuclear test in a single year. Such actions were flagrant and unacceptable violations of relevant Council resolutions, including resolution 2270 (2016), he said, strongly condemning them and demanding that the country end its provocations and comply with its international commitments. Noting that the Council had begun work on a resolution addressing those actions, he said his delegation looked forward to working closely with other Member States in that regard.
Also speaking were ministers, secretaries and representatives of Ukraine, Senegal, Spain, United Kingdom, Russian Federation, China, France, Angola, Malaysia and Uruguay.
"Recalling its resolution 1887 (2009), and reaffirming its firm commitment to the Treaty on the Non Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in all its aspects,
"Reaffirming the statement of its President adopted at the Council's meeting at the level of Heads of State and Government on 31January 1992 (S/23500), including the need for all Member States to fulfil their obligations in relation to arms control and disarmament and to prevent proliferation in all its aspects of all weapons of mass destruction,
"Underlining that the NPT remains the cornerstone of the nuclear non proliferation regime and the essential foundation for the pursuit of nuclear disarmament and for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy,
"Reaffirming that proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and their means of delivery, constitutes a threat to international peace and security,
"Recalling that the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (Treaty), adopted by the General Assembly by its resolution 50/245 of 10September 1996, was opened for signature on 24September 1996, and that States Signatories, by their resolution on 19November 1996, including paragraph 7 thereof, established the Preparatory Commission (PrepCom) imitation van cleef jewelry for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization,
"Recognizing that a universal and internationally and effectively verifiable test ban treaty that has entered into force is the most effective way to ban nuclear weapon test explosions and any other nuclear explosions, and that an end to all such nuclear weapon test explosions and any other nuclear explosions will constrain the development and qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons and end the development of advanced new types of nuclear weapons,
"Recognizing that early entry into force of the Treaty will constitute an effective nuclear disarmament and non proliferation measure that would contribute to the achievement of a world without nuclear weapons,
"Welcoming progress made towards universalization of the Treaty, noting that 183States have signed the Treaty and 166States have deposited their instruments of ratification, and further noting that of the 44States listed in Annex 2 to the Treaty, whose ratification is needed for its entry into force, 41 have signed and 36 have both signed and ratified the Treaty, including several nuclear weapons States,
"Welcoming the efforts of Member States of the PrepCom and its Provisional Technical Secretariat to build all elements of the Treaty's verification regime, unprecedented in its global reach, recognizing the maturity of and progress achieved in the establishment of the International Monitoring System (IMS), as well as the satisfactory functioning of the International Data Centre (IDC) that has demonstrated its ability to provide independent and reliable means to ensure compliance with the Treaty once it enters into force, and emphasizing the continuing progress in developing, exercising, and demonstrating the advanced technologies and logistical capabilities necessary to execute on site inspections,
"Stressing the vital importance and urgency of achieving the early entry into force of the Treaty,
"1. Urges all States that have either not signed or not ratified the Treaty, particularly the eight remaining Annex 2 States, to do so without further delay;
"2. Encourages all State Signatories, including Annex 2 States, to promote the universality and early entry into force of the Treaty;
"3. Recalls the statements by each of the five nuclear weapon States, noted by resolution 984 (1995), in which they give security assurances against the use of nuclear weapons to non nuclear weapon State Parties to the NPT, and affirms that such security assurances strengthen the nuclear non proliferation regime;
"4. Calls upon all States to refrain from conducting any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion and to maintain their moratoria in this regard, commends those States' national moratoria, some of which are established by national legislation pending entry into force of the Treaty, emphasizes that such moratoria are an example of responsible international behaviour that contributes to international peace and stability and should continue, while stressing that such moratoria do not have the same permanent and legally binding effect as entry into force of the Treaty, and notes the Joint Statement on the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty by China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America of 15September 2016, in which those States noted that, inter alia, "a nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion would defeat the object and purpose of the CTBT";
"5. Underlines the need to maintain momentum towards completion of all elements of the Treaty verification regime, and in this regard, calls upon all States to provide the support required to enable the PrepCom to complete all its tasks in the most efficient and cost effective way, and encourages all States hosting International Monitoring System facilities to transmit data to the IDC on a testing and provisional basis, pending entry into force of the Treaty;
"6. Welcomes the voluntary information in the national statements in the PrepCom by States listed in Annex 1 to the Protocol to the Treaty imitation van cleef necklace as responsible for one or more facilities of the IMS on the status of completing the construction of those facilities as well as regarding the status of transmission of data from their facilities to the IDC, encourages States hosting IMS facilities to complete construction of the IMS facilities in a timely manner as provided for by the Treaty and text on the establishment of the PrepCom, and invites the Provisional Technical Secretariat to provide a report to all State Signatories within 180days van cleef arpels alhambra knock off necklace of the adoption of this resolution on the status of States Signatories assessed contributions to the PrepCom and any additional support provided by State Signatories for the completion of the Treaty's verification regime and for the maintenance and operational needs for the IDC and IMS;
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