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What are the Different Types of Cherries
Very rarely would you come across a person who dislikes cherries. This bright colored fruit has a characteristic sweet taste, which makes it a favorite snacking fruit birkin bag prices fake among little kids as well as adults. With a variety of cherries available in the market, there's one that fits every meal and snack. They are best eaten raw, or added to desserts, or even served with cocktails.
It belongs to the Rosacea family and shares its roots with fruits such as apricots, almonds, peaches, and plums. It takes about 4 6 years for a cherry plant to fully blossom and bear a good yield. Having cherries at any time during the day is a better option than reaching out for a high calorie shake or a juice. Known as the 'Princess' of all cherries, these are extremely sweet and have a peculiar yellow tinge. They are also known as white cherries, as they are light yellow in color when ripe. Having multiple health benefits and a sweet taste makes them ideal buy a birkin bag fake for making jams. They ripen about two weeks after Bing cherries and are available around mid July to mid August.
Van Cherry
The Van cherries are primarily grown in the Okanagan Valley, Canada. They resemble Bing cherries; however, they are smaller in size. These are usually firm in structure and dark red in color. Extremely sweet to taste, these cherries blossom around mid June to early July. These are extra large in size and are heart shaped. They are preferred over other cherries for making jams, jellies, and other such recipes. They are commonly found in supermarkets. Their distinct deep garnet color makes them easily identifiable. is an old variety that was originally grown in the Okanagan Valley. They are big in size and have a deep ruby red color. They are available around mid July. They can be eaten raw as well as used in cooking and baking. They are not particularly sweet to taste, but are perfect for making a cherry cake. cherries are dark in color and have a firm structure. Their color can sometimes be black as well. They are harvested around mid July to mid August. Their characteristic taste makes them a favorite ingredient in desserts and pies!These crunchy cherries blossom around late July to mid August. Their unique and sweet taste makes them perfect for making jams and dessert toppings. They can be eaten raw as well. Their bright shiny color makes them green birkin bag fake eye catchy too. These sweet and dark cherries are medium in size and have an oval shape. They have a firm structure and are round. used birkin bag cheap They are quite large and have a deep color. They are very sweet to taste and are also known as black cherries.
Very rarely would you come across a person who dislikes cherries. This bright colored fruit has a characteristic sweet taste, which makes it a favorite snacking fruit birkin bag prices fake among little kids as well as adults. With a variety of cherries available in the market, there's one that fits every meal and snack. They are best eaten raw, or added to desserts, or even served with cocktails.
It belongs to the Rosacea family and shares its roots with fruits such as apricots, almonds, peaches, and plums. It takes about 4 6 years for a cherry plant to fully blossom and bear a good yield. Having cherries at any time during the day is a better option than reaching out for a high calorie shake or a juice. Known as the 'Princess' of all cherries, these are extremely sweet and have a peculiar yellow tinge. They are also known as white cherries, as they are light yellow in color when ripe. Having multiple health benefits and a sweet taste makes them ideal buy a birkin bag fake for making jams. They ripen about two weeks after Bing cherries and are available around mid July to mid August.
Van Cherry
The Van cherries are primarily grown in the Okanagan Valley, Canada. They resemble Bing cherries; however, they are smaller in size. These are usually firm in structure and dark red in color. Extremely sweet to taste, these cherries blossom around mid June to early July. These are extra large in size and are heart shaped. They are preferred over other cherries for making jams, jellies, and other such recipes. They are commonly found in supermarkets. Their distinct deep garnet color makes them easily identifiable. is an old variety that was originally grown in the Okanagan Valley. They are big in size and have a deep ruby red color. They are available around mid July. They can be eaten raw as well as used in cooking and baking. They are not particularly sweet to taste, but are perfect for making a cherry cake. cherries are dark in color and have a firm structure. Their color can sometimes be black as well. They are harvested around mid July to mid August. Their characteristic taste makes them a favorite ingredient in desserts and pies!These crunchy cherries blossom around late July to mid August. Their unique and sweet taste makes them perfect for making jams and dessert toppings. They can be eaten raw as well. Their bright shiny color makes them green birkin bag fake eye catchy too. These sweet and dark cherries are medium in size and have an oval shape. They have a firm structure and are round. used birkin bag cheap They are quite large and have a deep color. They are very sweet to taste and are also known as black cherries.
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Was My Lai just one of many massacres in Vietnam War
In 1968 US soldiers murdered several hundred Vietnamese civilians in the single most infamous incident of the Vietnam War. The My Lai massacre is often held to have been an aberration but investigative journalist Nick Turse has uncovered evidence that war crimes were committed by the US military on a far bigger scale.
In a war in which lip service was often paid to winning "hearts and minds", the US military had an almost singular focus on one defining measure of success in Vietnam: the body count the number of enemy killed in action.
Vietnamese forces, outgunned by their adversaries, relied heavily on mines and other booby traps as well as sniper fire and ambushes. Their methods were to strike and immediately withdraw.
Unable to deal with an enemy that dictated the time and place of combat, US forces took to destroying whatever they could manage. If the Americans could kill more enemies known as Viet Cong or VC than the Vietnamese could replace, the thinking went, they would naturally give up the fight.
To motivate troops to aim for a high body count, competitions were held between units to see who could kill the most. Rewards for the highest tally, displayed on "kill boards" included days off or an extra case of beer. Their commanders meanwhile stood to win rapid promotion.
Civilians, including women and children, were killed for running from soldiers or helicopter gunships that had fired warning shots, or being in a village suspected of sheltering Viet Cong.
At the time, much of this activity went unreported but not unnoticed.
Civilian casualtiesResearching post traumatic stress disorder among Vietnam veterans, in 2001 I stumbled across a collection of war crimes investigations carried out by the military at the US National Archives.
Box after box of criminal investigation reports and day to day paperwork had been long buried away and almost totally forgotten. Some detailed the most nightmarish descriptions. Others hinted at terrible events that had not been followed up.
At that time the US military had at its disposal more killing power, destructive force, and advanced technology than any military in the history of the world.
The amount of ammunition fired per soldier was 26 times greater in Vietnam than during World War II. By the end of the conflict, America had unleashed the equivalent of 640 Hiroshima sized atomic bombs birkins handbags faux on Vietnam.
Vast areas dotted with villages were blasted with artillery, bombed from the air and strafed by helicopter gunships before ground troops went in on search and destroy missions.
The phrase "kill anything that moves" became an order on the lips of some American commanders whose troops carried out massacres across their area of operations.
While the US suffered more than 58,000 dead in the war, an estimated two million Vietnamese civilians were killed, another 5.3 million injured and about 11 million, by US government figures, became refugees in their own country.
Today, if people remember anything about American atrocities in Vietnam, they recall the March 1968 My Lai massacre in which more birkin bag colors faux than 500 civilians were killed over the course of four hours, during which US troops even took time out to eat lunch.
Far bloodier operations, like one codenamed Speedy Express, should be remembered as well, but thanks to cover ups at the highest levels of the US military, few are.
Industrial scale slaughterIn late 1968, the 9th Infantry Division, under the command of Gen Julian Ewell, kicked off a large scale operation in the Mekong Delta, the densely populated deep south of Vietnam.
In an already body count obsessed environment, Ewell, who became known as the Butcher of the Delta, was especially notorious. He sacked subordinates who killed insufficient numbers and unleashed heavy firepower on a countryside packed with civilians.
A whistle blower in the division wrote to the US Army Chief of Staff William Westmoreland, pleading for an investigation. Artillery called in on villages, he reported, had killed women and children. Helicopter gunships had frightened farmers into running and then cut them down. hermes birkin 30 fake Troops on the ground had done the same thing.
The result was industrial scale slaughter, the equivalent, he said, to a "My Lai each month".
Just look at the ratio of Viet Cong reportedly killed to weapons captured, he told Westmoreland.
Indeed, by the end of the operation Ewell's division claimed an enemy body count of close to 11,000, but turned in fewer than 750 captured weapons.
Westmoreland ignored the whistle blower, scuttled a nascent inquiry, and buried the files, but not black birkin bag faux before an internal Pentagon report endorsed some of the whistle blower's most damning allegations.
The secret investigation into Speedy Express remained classified for decades before I found it in buried in the National Archives.
The military estimated that as many as 7,000 civilians were killed during the operation. More damning still, the analysis admitted that the "US command, in its extensive experience with large scale combat operations in South East Asia, appreciated the inevitability of significant civilian casualties in the conduct of large operations in densely populated areas such as the Delta."
Indeed, what the military admitted in this long secret report confirmed exactly what I also discovered in hundreds of talks and formal interviews with American veterans, in tens of thousands of pages of formerly classified military documents, and, most of all, in the heavily populated areas of Vietnam where Americans expended massive firepower.
Survivors of a massacre by US Marines in Quang Tri Province told me what it was like to huddle together in an underground bomb shelter as shots rang out and grenades exploded above.
Fearing that one of those grenades would soon roll into their bunker, a mother grabbed her young children, took a chance and bolted.
"Racing from our bunker, we saw the shelter opposite ours being shot up," Nguyen Van Phuoc, one of those youngsters, told me. One of the Americans then wheeled around and fired at his mother, killing her.
In 1968 US soldiers murdered several hundred Vietnamese civilians in the single most infamous incident of the Vietnam War. The My Lai massacre is often held to have been an aberration but investigative journalist Nick Turse has uncovered evidence that war crimes were committed by the US military on a far bigger scale.
In a war in which lip service was often paid to winning "hearts and minds", the US military had an almost singular focus on one defining measure of success in Vietnam: the body count the number of enemy killed in action.
Vietnamese forces, outgunned by their adversaries, relied heavily on mines and other booby traps as well as sniper fire and ambushes. Their methods were to strike and immediately withdraw.
Unable to deal with an enemy that dictated the time and place of combat, US forces took to destroying whatever they could manage. If the Americans could kill more enemies known as Viet Cong or VC than the Vietnamese could replace, the thinking went, they would naturally give up the fight.
To motivate troops to aim for a high body count, competitions were held between units to see who could kill the most. Rewards for the highest tally, displayed on "kill boards" included days off or an extra case of beer. Their commanders meanwhile stood to win rapid promotion.
Civilians, including women and children, were killed for running from soldiers or helicopter gunships that had fired warning shots, or being in a village suspected of sheltering Viet Cong.
At the time, much of this activity went unreported but not unnoticed.
Civilian casualtiesResearching post traumatic stress disorder among Vietnam veterans, in 2001 I stumbled across a collection of war crimes investigations carried out by the military at the US National Archives.
Box after box of criminal investigation reports and day to day paperwork had been long buried away and almost totally forgotten. Some detailed the most nightmarish descriptions. Others hinted at terrible events that had not been followed up.
At that time the US military had at its disposal more killing power, destructive force, and advanced technology than any military in the history of the world.
The amount of ammunition fired per soldier was 26 times greater in Vietnam than during World War II. By the end of the conflict, America had unleashed the equivalent of 640 Hiroshima sized atomic bombs birkins handbags faux on Vietnam.
Vast areas dotted with villages were blasted with artillery, bombed from the air and strafed by helicopter gunships before ground troops went in on search and destroy missions.
The phrase "kill anything that moves" became an order on the lips of some American commanders whose troops carried out massacres across their area of operations.
While the US suffered more than 58,000 dead in the war, an estimated two million Vietnamese civilians were killed, another 5.3 million injured and about 11 million, by US government figures, became refugees in their own country.
Today, if people remember anything about American atrocities in Vietnam, they recall the March 1968 My Lai massacre in which more birkin bag colors faux than 500 civilians were killed over the course of four hours, during which US troops even took time out to eat lunch.
Far bloodier operations, like one codenamed Speedy Express, should be remembered as well, but thanks to cover ups at the highest levels of the US military, few are.
Industrial scale slaughterIn late 1968, the 9th Infantry Division, under the command of Gen Julian Ewell, kicked off a large scale operation in the Mekong Delta, the densely populated deep south of Vietnam.
In an already body count obsessed environment, Ewell, who became known as the Butcher of the Delta, was especially notorious. He sacked subordinates who killed insufficient numbers and unleashed heavy firepower on a countryside packed with civilians.
A whistle blower in the division wrote to the US Army Chief of Staff William Westmoreland, pleading for an investigation. Artillery called in on villages, he reported, had killed women and children. Helicopter gunships had frightened farmers into running and then cut them down. hermes birkin 30 fake Troops on the ground had done the same thing.
The result was industrial scale slaughter, the equivalent, he said, to a "My Lai each month".
Just look at the ratio of Viet Cong reportedly killed to weapons captured, he told Westmoreland.
Indeed, by the end of the operation Ewell's division claimed an enemy body count of close to 11,000, but turned in fewer than 750 captured weapons.
Westmoreland ignored the whistle blower, scuttled a nascent inquiry, and buried the files, but not black birkin bag faux before an internal Pentagon report endorsed some of the whistle blower's most damning allegations.
The secret investigation into Speedy Express remained classified for decades before I found it in buried in the National Archives.
The military estimated that as many as 7,000 civilians were killed during the operation. More damning still, the analysis admitted that the "US command, in its extensive experience with large scale combat operations in South East Asia, appreciated the inevitability of significant civilian casualties in the conduct of large operations in densely populated areas such as the Delta."
Indeed, what the military admitted in this long secret report confirmed exactly what I also discovered in hundreds of talks and formal interviews with American veterans, in tens of thousands of pages of formerly classified military documents, and, most of all, in the heavily populated areas of Vietnam where Americans expended massive firepower.
Survivors of a massacre by US Marines in Quang Tri Province told me what it was like to huddle together in an underground bomb shelter as shots rang out and grenades exploded above.
Fearing that one of those grenades would soon roll into their bunker, a mother grabbed her young children, took a chance and bolted.
"Racing from our bunker, we saw the shelter opposite ours being shot up," Nguyen Van Phuoc, one of those youngsters, told me. One of the Americans then wheeled around and fired at his mother, killing her.
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Who wanted colorful entrepreneur Gary Triano dead
Produced by Chuck Stevenson and Greg Fisher
[This story first aired on Oct. 11, 2014. It was updated on July 11, 2015.]
It was back in the 1990s and Pam Phillips and her husband, Gary Triano, were living large. In the posh foothills of Tucson, Arizona, they were rich. Gary was a wheeler dealer, creating businesses, running Indian bingo, playing a lot of golf, and some Knockoff hermes handkerchief say, rubbing shoulders with wise guys.
"He was flamboyant in a way that I wouldn't normally fall for." said Pam Phillips.
She sold commercial real estate.
"I was worth, I think, $1.8, 2 million, in there . made it totally on my own," Phillips told "48 Hours" correspondent Peter Van Sant in her first network television interview.
Pam Phillips and Gary Triano
They were socialites with connections, like their celebrity pals Donald and Marla Trump.
"Marla, I love. Marla is like an angel . And Donald, I adore as well. He is Knockoff hermes mens briefcase one of the funniest people to be around, you can imagine," said Phillips.
Laura Chapman, a friend, was part of the gang.
"Donald and Marla came . and actually took 'em to a basketball game together," she faux mens gold bracelets said of the Trumps.
"It was in the paper the next day, you know, here's Gary and Pam walking down the steps with Donald and Marla," Chapman continued.
Gary and Pam married in 1986. They had two children together and settled into a comfortable life.
"When she and Gary were married . Pam didn't even work," Chapman said. "She lived a very pampered lifestyle and Gary provided that for her."
"Tell me about going to Vegas with Gary and Pam," Van Sant asked.
"That was a trip . it was a lot of fun," Chapman recalled. "He had his own plane so he would fly us in."
"What kind of plane?" Van Sant asked.
"It was just a small jet," said Chapman.
"Just a small jet? . After seven years of marriage, things fell apart. Gary Triano was pushed out of Indian bingo and his personal gambling debts skyrocketed.
"Your husband, he owed a casino in Las Vegas several millions Knockoff hermes bag collection dollars, $1.8 million to an ex wife, $91,000 to an attorney . hundreds of thousands of dollars to a group of Mexican investors who people said were involved in criminal activity," Van Sant commented to Phillips.
"Probably" she replied.
In 1993, Pam and Gary separated and eventually divorced. She moved to Aspen.
He stayed in Tucson until Nov. 1, 1996 the day when Triano was murdered in an explosion just five days before his 53rd birthday.
"Gary was definitely was a target," Reedy said. "Gary suspected he was being followed . he told people he was being followed by an individual that was driving a green Jeep type SUV."
Produced by Chuck Stevenson and Greg Fisher
[This story first aired on Oct. 11, 2014. It was updated on July 11, 2015.]
It was back in the 1990s and Pam Phillips and her husband, Gary Triano, were living large. In the posh foothills of Tucson, Arizona, they were rich. Gary was a wheeler dealer, creating businesses, running Indian bingo, playing a lot of golf, and some Knockoff hermes handkerchief say, rubbing shoulders with wise guys.
"He was flamboyant in a way that I wouldn't normally fall for." said Pam Phillips.
She sold commercial real estate.
"I was worth, I think, $1.8, 2 million, in there . made it totally on my own," Phillips told "48 Hours" correspondent Peter Van Sant in her first network television interview.
Pam Phillips and Gary Triano
They were socialites with connections, like their celebrity pals Donald and Marla Trump.
"Marla, I love. Marla is like an angel . And Donald, I adore as well. He is Knockoff hermes mens briefcase one of the funniest people to be around, you can imagine," said Phillips.
Laura Chapman, a friend, was part of the gang.
"Donald and Marla came . and actually took 'em to a basketball game together," she faux mens gold bracelets said of the Trumps.
"It was in the paper the next day, you know, here's Gary and Pam walking down the steps with Donald and Marla," Chapman continued.
Gary and Pam married in 1986. They had two children together and settled into a comfortable life.
"When she and Gary were married . Pam didn't even work," Chapman said. "She lived a very pampered lifestyle and Gary provided that for her."
"Tell me about going to Vegas with Gary and Pam," Van Sant asked.
"That was a trip . it was a lot of fun," Chapman recalled. "He had his own plane so he would fly us in."
"What kind of plane?" Van Sant asked.
"It was just a small jet," said Chapman.
"Just a small jet? . After seven years of marriage, things fell apart. Gary Triano was pushed out of Indian bingo and his personal gambling debts skyrocketed.
"Your husband, he owed a casino in Las Vegas several millions Knockoff hermes bag collection dollars, $1.8 million to an ex wife, $91,000 to an attorney . hundreds of thousands of dollars to a group of Mexican investors who people said were involved in criminal activity," Van Sant commented to Phillips.
"Probably" she replied.
In 1993, Pam and Gary separated and eventually divorced. She moved to Aspen.
He stayed in Tucson until Nov. 1, 1996 the day when Triano was murdered in an explosion just five days before his 53rd birthday.
"Gary was definitely was a target," Reedy said. "Gary suspected he was being followed . he told people he was being followed by an individual that was driving a green Jeep type SUV."
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VSB to release results of bullying investigation
The allegations of bullying were made last fall faux enamel on gold jewelry as the elected trustees were fired from the board for Knockoff hermes garden tote not passing a balanced budget and six senior district staff members, including the superintendent and secretary treasurer, went on medical leave at the same time.
In February, a Freedom of Information request revealed that an email sent Oct. 3 from someone inside the Vancouver School Board asked Education Minister Mike Bernier to intervene and fire the board, alleging bullying.
Mike, the partly redacted email begins. takes real courage to stand up to bullies and we teach this to our kids everyday. It takes real leadership to do what right. It is time for some real leadership and remove the board. Our district needs a fresh start. I hate to leave the district, but for the first time I am considering it. We talk about hitting rock bottom. Well, this is it. Please do something for the sake of all the good people trying to do the best they can for students. spring, the board rejected a budget calling for $21.8 million in cuts, setting themselves up for possible firing. Bernier fired the board of trustees on Oct. 17, just hours before they were poised to pass a balanced budget and just after the board had placed a process of closing 11 schools on indefinite hold. Bonnefoy has said the district faces at least a $12 million budget deficit for next year.
The board was replaced by official trustee Dianne Turner for a minimum period of one year, although the NDP has said it would rehire the fired trustees if it wins the May election. School Superintendents Association was released. It was dated Sept. 28 and alleged that VSB managers were Knockoff hermes mens bags being bullied by trustees and asked the province to faux enamel gold jewelry protect them. epaper, Digital Access, Subscriber Rewards), please input your Print Newspaper subscription phone number and postal code.
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The allegations of bullying were made last fall faux enamel on gold jewelry as the elected trustees were fired from the board for Knockoff hermes garden tote not passing a balanced budget and six senior district staff members, including the superintendent and secretary treasurer, went on medical leave at the same time.
In February, a Freedom of Information request revealed that an email sent Oct. 3 from someone inside the Vancouver School Board asked Education Minister Mike Bernier to intervene and fire the board, alleging bullying.
Mike, the partly redacted email begins. takes real courage to stand up to bullies and we teach this to our kids everyday. It takes real leadership to do what right. It is time for some real leadership and remove the board. Our district needs a fresh start. I hate to leave the district, but for the first time I am considering it. We talk about hitting rock bottom. Well, this is it. Please do something for the sake of all the good people trying to do the best they can for students. spring, the board rejected a budget calling for $21.8 million in cuts, setting themselves up for possible firing. Bernier fired the board of trustees on Oct. 17, just hours before they were poised to pass a balanced budget and just after the board had placed a process of closing 11 schools on indefinite hold. Bonnefoy has said the district faces at least a $12 million budget deficit for next year.
The board was replaced by official trustee Dianne Turner for a minimum period of one year, although the NDP has said it would rehire the fired trustees if it wins the May election. School Superintendents Association was released. It was dated Sept. 28 and alleged that VSB managers were Knockoff hermes mens bags being bullied by trustees and asked the province to faux enamel gold jewelry protect them. epaper, Digital Access, Subscriber Rewards), please input your Print Newspaper subscription phone number and postal code.
{ phone }
{ addressPostalCode }
By clicking "Create Account", I hearby grant permission to Market to use my account information to create my account.
I also accept and agree to be bound by Postmedia's Terms and Conditions with respect to my use of the Site and I have read and understand Postmedia's Privacy Statement. epaper, Digital Access, Subscriber Rewards), please input your Print Newspaper subscription phone number and postal code.
{ phone }
{ addressPostalCode }
By clicking "Create Account", I hearby grant permission to Postmedia to use my account information to create my account.
I also accept and agree to be bound by Postmedia's Terms and Conditions with respect to my use of the Site and I have read and understand Postmedia's Privacy Statement. I consent to the collection, use, maintenance, and disclosure of my information in accordance with the Postmedia's Privacy Policy.
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we don't know that 'they are guilty'
Essendon says it will defend its players and officials against allegations of drug cheating. The view seems to be that ''everyone knows they are guilty''.
This bellicose insistence that forensic information gathered by the AFL and ASADA is the same as ''proof'' that anti doping violations have been committed is naive. There have been cases in sport and other jurisdictions when, despite meticulously collected evidence presented by prosecutors, a defendant has been found not guilty.
Australia should be governed by the rule of law at all levels of activity not media commentary. The AFL has signed on to a code with ASADA, which in turn is signed in with the regulations of the World Anti Doping Agency. These are mechanisms put in place to ensure that drugs in sport are not tolerated. Essendon ran an ''experimental'' pharmacological program and is now paying the price. Taking the AFL and ASADA to court for its own wrongdoing will only prolong the pain for all.
I feel sorry for players caught up in this sorry mess, but ultimately they must be responsible for what they ingest. As a parent of a junior footballer, I need to see this matter dealt with appropriately so that it may never happen again.
Michelle Van Gerrevink, Pascoe Vale South
A plea for natural justice
Thank you, Essendon chairman Paul Little (pictured above), Hermes So Kelly Bag fake for injecting some sanity into ASADA's Mad Hatters Tea Party. ASADA seems intent on punishing Essendon, driving it into the football wilderness for a second season even though nobody has yet been convicted of anything.
Essendon was tried and severely punished by the AFL last year. Tossed out of the finals is a harsh punishment for a player. Also, the club was ''fined'' hundreds of thousands of dollars in lost gate takings. If the AFL did the right thing then, I believe ASADA is being unjust by conducting a second trial and punishing the players further.
These men are footballers, nor forensic scientists. They were told by a ''sports scientist'' that the injections were legal. How, without revealing club secrets to an outsider, could they have established anything different? I Hermes So Kelly Bag replica can only hope, in the interests of natural justice, that Mr Little's court action removes the threat of further sanctions from the unfortunate players.
Arthur Comer, Sebastopol
What are the Bombers afraid of?
Paul Little says ''we will not be bullied''. How does ASADA performing its regulatory responsibilities constitute kelly bags hermes faux bullying? Little looks desperate in clinging to technical procedural elements to avoid facing up to the substance of what are very serious allegations. The only way the suffering will end is if he allows the ASADA process to run its full course.
Elisa Curry, Surrey Hills
Back into Iraq?
''Abbott flags military action in Iraq'' (The Saturday Age, 14/6) fills one with anguish and despair. vintage hermes kelly bag imitation The United States and its allies invaded Iraq premised on the lie that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction. The US dropped more than half a million tonnes of bombs, killed between 500,000 and 1 million Iraqis (depending on who did the counting), created 5 million orphans and a similar number of refugees.
This is one of the greatest crimes against humanity, and has been carried out mainly by four Christian nations: the US, Britain, Australia and Canada.
What is happening now is a repetition of the end of the Vietnam War when the communist forces decisively won. Iraq is being taken over by al Qaeda type forces, the enemies of the US.
Not even a single dead Iraqi or American is worth an allied
re entry into military action. Iraq may be a success story in the long run, like Vietnam. Australia should allow this to happen, rather than attempt another military intervention.
Bill Mathew, Parkville
What's not to like?
Tony Abbott says the unemployed must go to where the jobs are. So, send them to fight the bad guys in Iraq. This is a win win situation: we get to join another war overseas, and unemployment rates drop here.
Roy Gordon, Ferny Creek
Clean up our army
I sincerely hope that Australia's Chief of Army, Lieutenant General David Morrison, after his impressive speech on the subject of ending rape in war zones, will now dismiss the hundreds of rapists identified by the various official inquiries who are still employed in the Australian armed forces. Actions speak louder than words.
Essendon says it will defend its players and officials against allegations of drug cheating. The view seems to be that ''everyone knows they are guilty''.
This bellicose insistence that forensic information gathered by the AFL and ASADA is the same as ''proof'' that anti doping violations have been committed is naive. There have been cases in sport and other jurisdictions when, despite meticulously collected evidence presented by prosecutors, a defendant has been found not guilty.
Australia should be governed by the rule of law at all levels of activity not media commentary. The AFL has signed on to a code with ASADA, which in turn is signed in with the regulations of the World Anti Doping Agency. These are mechanisms put in place to ensure that drugs in sport are not tolerated. Essendon ran an ''experimental'' pharmacological program and is now paying the price. Taking the AFL and ASADA to court for its own wrongdoing will only prolong the pain for all.
I feel sorry for players caught up in this sorry mess, but ultimately they must be responsible for what they ingest. As a parent of a junior footballer, I need to see this matter dealt with appropriately so that it may never happen again.
Michelle Van Gerrevink, Pascoe Vale South
A plea for natural justice
Thank you, Essendon chairman Paul Little (pictured above), Hermes So Kelly Bag fake for injecting some sanity into ASADA's Mad Hatters Tea Party. ASADA seems intent on punishing Essendon, driving it into the football wilderness for a second season even though nobody has yet been convicted of anything.
Essendon was tried and severely punished by the AFL last year. Tossed out of the finals is a harsh punishment for a player. Also, the club was ''fined'' hundreds of thousands of dollars in lost gate takings. If the AFL did the right thing then, I believe ASADA is being unjust by conducting a second trial and punishing the players further.
These men are footballers, nor forensic scientists. They were told by a ''sports scientist'' that the injections were legal. How, without revealing club secrets to an outsider, could they have established anything different? I Hermes So Kelly Bag replica can only hope, in the interests of natural justice, that Mr Little's court action removes the threat of further sanctions from the unfortunate players.
Arthur Comer, Sebastopol
What are the Bombers afraid of?
Paul Little says ''we will not be bullied''. How does ASADA performing its regulatory responsibilities constitute kelly bags hermes faux bullying? Little looks desperate in clinging to technical procedural elements to avoid facing up to the substance of what are very serious allegations. The only way the suffering will end is if he allows the ASADA process to run its full course.
Elisa Curry, Surrey Hills
Back into Iraq?
''Abbott flags military action in Iraq'' (The Saturday Age, 14/6) fills one with anguish and despair. vintage hermes kelly bag imitation The United States and its allies invaded Iraq premised on the lie that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction. The US dropped more than half a million tonnes of bombs, killed between 500,000 and 1 million Iraqis (depending on who did the counting), created 5 million orphans and a similar number of refugees.
This is one of the greatest crimes against humanity, and has been carried out mainly by four Christian nations: the US, Britain, Australia and Canada.
What is happening now is a repetition of the end of the Vietnam War when the communist forces decisively won. Iraq is being taken over by al Qaeda type forces, the enemies of the US.
Not even a single dead Iraqi or American is worth an allied
re entry into military action. Iraq may be a success story in the long run, like Vietnam. Australia should allow this to happen, rather than attempt another military intervention.
Bill Mathew, Parkville
What's not to like?
Tony Abbott says the unemployed must go to where the jobs are. So, send them to fight the bad guys in Iraq. This is a win win situation: we get to join another war overseas, and unemployment rates drop here.
Roy Gordon, Ferny Creek
Clean up our army
I sincerely hope that Australia's Chief of Army, Lieutenant General David Morrison, after his impressive speech on the subject of ending rape in war zones, will now dismiss the hundreds of rapists identified by the various official inquiries who are still employed in the Australian armed forces. Actions speak louder than words.
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Waarom kopen van een gebruikte auto uit Japanse autoveilingen verdient de voorkeur
Autoveilingen werden gevormd in Japan te maken van de verkoop en aankoop van gebruikte auto's en andere voertuigen sneller en eenvoudiger. Autoveilingen zijn de meest populaire methode om te verkopen van gebruikte voertuigen in Japan. Nu zij online bieden faciliteiten dus het kopen gebruikt voertuig van elk merk of model van uw huis is zo eenvoudig. Volgens Japans recht kunnen alleen dealers houders of exporteurs hermes kelly handbags faux lid naar autoveilingen worden. De manier waarop die het systeem is ingesteld maakt het mogelijk mensen toegang hebben tot informatie, maar om te houden van de veilingen ordelijke, alleen leden kan bieden. Vandaag in Japan zijn er meer dan 30 vintage kelly bag copy bekende autoveiling en meer dan 200 auto veiling locaties in Japan. Grote verkoopzaal zijn USS, ASNET, ARAI, Gulliver, autoveiling van Honda, Toyota autoveiling, Nissan autoveiling hebben uitgebreid netwerk overal in Japan.
Kopen van autoveiling heeft vele voordelen met slechts n of twee oneven nadeel als weinig hogere prijs als gevolg van de agenten vergoeding. Maar nog steeds de meeste mensen kiezen de autoveiling omwille van gegarandeerde kwaliteit, details van echte voorwaarde, stapsgewijze proces, geen ervaring vereist als uw agent zal begeleiden u, goede betaling en levering voorwaarden, geen angst voor worden bedrogen.
1. Alle voertuigen worden eerst genspecteerd door de veilingmeester voordat ze kunnen worden geveild. Deze controle is nauwkeurig en eerlijke aangezien de Goodwill van de verkoopzaal op spel.
2. Er zijn meer dat 40.000 voertuig van merken zoals: Toyota, Honda, Mazda, Nissan, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Suzuki op display om uit te kiezen.
3. U kunt toegang tot de informatie en de auto's die u meest op hun website interesseren kiezen.
4. Enkel uitdrukken het merk, model en de prijs die u wenst te betalen aan u lid agent. Hij zullen aantal auto's als per uw eis vinden. Hij zal doen al het werk en u van tijd tot tijd informeren.
5. Kies over 3 6 auto's die u het beste bevalt. En worden klaar om een bod te plaatsen.
6. Op het moment van een bod plaatst, moet u een aanbetaling van 100.000 yen tot 200.000 yen of 100 procent vooraf betalen. Veiling leden zijn gecertificeerd exporteurs of dealers dus geen zorgen hoeft te maken om betaling te verrichten. Als een poging mislukt, zal u worden terugbetaald of de gelegenheid om dit geld te gebruiken voor een ander bod. Maar uw agent bieden brengt een minimum van 1000 yen voor een mislukte of geslaagde bod, dit is wat wordt verrekend per schijf het veilinghuis te voeren bieden.
7. Nu dat het bod succesvol is, moet u betalen het resterende saldo. Afhankelijk van als u FOB, CFR/C F, CIF of een andere overeenkomst, gebruikt u wellicht ook vrachtkosten, mariene verzekering, en eventueel andere heffingen/vergoedingen te betalen.
8. Zodra dit is gedaan, ontvangt u een aankoop overeenkomst en factuur. vintage kelly bag faux Sommige exporteur kunt u aan te melden beide en fax terug opgehaald om veiligheidsredenen.
9. Agent zal het verzamelen van de vereiste certificaten die u nodig hebt als per uw land invoerregeling als schrapping certificaat, vrachtbrief, douane factuur en sturen u per koerier.
10. Als u klaar bent om het schip, zal de car(s) worden geplaatst op de volgende schip te krijgen beschikbaar voor uw bestemming. Het kan 1 6 weken voor de auto te laden op een schip afhankelijk van als de auto heeft zijn carrosseriebedrijf nog duren.
Kunt u zich voorstellen jezelf doen dit alles met geen ervaring, het taalprobleem en vele anderen, angst voor niet ontvangen van de auto, of worden ontvangen in slechte conditie enz?
Ik weet zeker dat u zou zeker kiezen om te kopen uw droomauto van een gereputeerde autoveiling met hulp van een betrouwbare tweedehands auto exporteur van Japan.
Verwante artikelen in voertuigen
Mensen die genteresseerd zijn in het bovenstaande artikel zijn ook genteresseerd in de aanverwante artikelen hieronder:
De meeste mensen beseffen niet dat hun voertuig motor systeem heeft opgezet op een zodanige wijze dat het eigenlijk de macht beperkt. Wanneer op de productielijn in de fabriek instellingen zijn ingevoerd die zijn bedoeld om de motor te gaan met Hermes So Kelly Bag cheap alle soorten van omgevingen en voorwaarden. Maar dit is niet een groot probleem, als u wilt dat uw auto om te rijden op het maximum, dan moet je gewoon check out ECU remapping technologie die de motor op zijn optimale niveau verstemt en hobbels op de BHP.
Vier wielaandrijving is de beste en veiligste vervoermiddel beschikbaar in de markt vandaag. In tegenstelling tot station motorvoertuigen op twee wielen bieden vier wiel aandrijving voertuigen meer grip en betere tractie op weg. Het maakt niet uit of de weg is ijzige of glad, vier wielaandrijving zal altijd de betekent dat u veilig naar uw bestemming zou overdragen.
Autoveilingen werden gevormd in Japan te maken van de verkoop en aankoop van gebruikte auto's en andere voertuigen sneller en eenvoudiger. Autoveilingen zijn de meest populaire methode om te verkopen van gebruikte voertuigen in Japan. Nu zij online bieden faciliteiten dus het kopen gebruikt voertuig van elk merk of model van uw huis is zo eenvoudig. Volgens Japans recht kunnen alleen dealers houders of exporteurs hermes kelly handbags faux lid naar autoveilingen worden. De manier waarop die het systeem is ingesteld maakt het mogelijk mensen toegang hebben tot informatie, maar om te houden van de veilingen ordelijke, alleen leden kan bieden. Vandaag in Japan zijn er meer dan 30 vintage kelly bag copy bekende autoveiling en meer dan 200 auto veiling locaties in Japan. Grote verkoopzaal zijn USS, ASNET, ARAI, Gulliver, autoveiling van Honda, Toyota autoveiling, Nissan autoveiling hebben uitgebreid netwerk overal in Japan.
Kopen van autoveiling heeft vele voordelen met slechts n of twee oneven nadeel als weinig hogere prijs als gevolg van de agenten vergoeding. Maar nog steeds de meeste mensen kiezen de autoveiling omwille van gegarandeerde kwaliteit, details van echte voorwaarde, stapsgewijze proces, geen ervaring vereist als uw agent zal begeleiden u, goede betaling en levering voorwaarden, geen angst voor worden bedrogen.
1. Alle voertuigen worden eerst genspecteerd door de veilingmeester voordat ze kunnen worden geveild. Deze controle is nauwkeurig en eerlijke aangezien de Goodwill van de verkoopzaal op spel.
2. Er zijn meer dat 40.000 voertuig van merken zoals: Toyota, Honda, Mazda, Nissan, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Suzuki op display om uit te kiezen.
3. U kunt toegang tot de informatie en de auto's die u meest op hun website interesseren kiezen.
4. Enkel uitdrukken het merk, model en de prijs die u wenst te betalen aan u lid agent. Hij zullen aantal auto's als per uw eis vinden. Hij zal doen al het werk en u van tijd tot tijd informeren.
5. Kies over 3 6 auto's die u het beste bevalt. En worden klaar om een bod te plaatsen.
6. Op het moment van een bod plaatst, moet u een aanbetaling van 100.000 yen tot 200.000 yen of 100 procent vooraf betalen. Veiling leden zijn gecertificeerd exporteurs of dealers dus geen zorgen hoeft te maken om betaling te verrichten. Als een poging mislukt, zal u worden terugbetaald of de gelegenheid om dit geld te gebruiken voor een ander bod. Maar uw agent bieden brengt een minimum van 1000 yen voor een mislukte of geslaagde bod, dit is wat wordt verrekend per schijf het veilinghuis te voeren bieden.
7. Nu dat het bod succesvol is, moet u betalen het resterende saldo. Afhankelijk van als u FOB, CFR/C F, CIF of een andere overeenkomst, gebruikt u wellicht ook vrachtkosten, mariene verzekering, en eventueel andere heffingen/vergoedingen te betalen.
8. Zodra dit is gedaan, ontvangt u een aankoop overeenkomst en factuur. vintage kelly bag faux Sommige exporteur kunt u aan te melden beide en fax terug opgehaald om veiligheidsredenen.
9. Agent zal het verzamelen van de vereiste certificaten die u nodig hebt als per uw land invoerregeling als schrapping certificaat, vrachtbrief, douane factuur en sturen u per koerier.
10. Als u klaar bent om het schip, zal de car(s) worden geplaatst op de volgende schip te krijgen beschikbaar voor uw bestemming. Het kan 1 6 weken voor de auto te laden op een schip afhankelijk van als de auto heeft zijn carrosseriebedrijf nog duren.
Kunt u zich voorstellen jezelf doen dit alles met geen ervaring, het taalprobleem en vele anderen, angst voor niet ontvangen van de auto, of worden ontvangen in slechte conditie enz?
Ik weet zeker dat u zou zeker kiezen om te kopen uw droomauto van een gereputeerde autoveiling met hulp van een betrouwbare tweedehands auto exporteur van Japan.
Verwante artikelen in voertuigen
Mensen die genteresseerd zijn in het bovenstaande artikel zijn ook genteresseerd in de aanverwante artikelen hieronder:
De meeste mensen beseffen niet dat hun voertuig motor systeem heeft opgezet op een zodanige wijze dat het eigenlijk de macht beperkt. Wanneer op de productielijn in de fabriek instellingen zijn ingevoerd die zijn bedoeld om de motor te gaan met Hermes So Kelly Bag cheap alle soorten van omgevingen en voorwaarden. Maar dit is niet een groot probleem, als u wilt dat uw auto om te rijden op het maximum, dan moet je gewoon check out ECU remapping technologie die de motor op zijn optimale niveau verstemt en hobbels op de BHP.
Vier wielaandrijving is de beste en veiligste vervoermiddel beschikbaar in de markt vandaag. In tegenstelling tot station motorvoertuigen op twee wielen bieden vier wiel aandrijving voertuigen meer grip en betere tractie op weg. Het maakt niet uit of de weg is ijzige of glad, vier wielaandrijving zal altijd de betekent dat u veilig naar uw bestemming zou overdragen.
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What Is the Difference between Truck Ladder Racks and Van Racks
If you are looking for ways to boost the storage space of your van, you've probably already come across the different kinds of racks that you can attach to your vehicle. The most popular of these are the van racks and the truck ladder racks.
A lot of vehicle owners are probably wondering what the differences are between these two types of racks and frankly, there really isn't much. They serve the same basic purpose, which is to offer extra storage on top or along the sides of your vehicle. They can both carry much more than just ladders but also other big and bulky items that are not convenient to stuff into the inside of the vehicle.
The only difference is probably the fact that van racks are designed for cargo vans and personal vans, while truck ladder racks are designed for pickup trucks or cargo trucks, which is actually quite obvious. Other than that, van racks and truck ladder racks are essentially the same in every respect.
Now, if you are a van owner looking to increase the storage capacity of your vehicle, you will be pleased to know that there are many different rack options out there that you can choose from. First, you should decide whether you want the rack to go on top of the van or imitation white enamel bracelet on the side.
Top mounted racks can typically carry more items and heavier loads. Most of them are permanent structures that have to be bolted on to the top of the truck using heavy duty screws to ensure that they are secure and safe. Aluminum and steel are the two most commonly used materials for manufacturing these trucks because of their durability and resistance to the elements.
Side mounted racks, on the other hand, can also carry heavy loads although the weight capacity is not as large as the top mounted varieties. They can also carry fewer items and are usually restricted to holding ladders and Knockoff cabag hermes price other objects of similar built.
Both van racks and truck ladder racks can come in either the permanent or temporary variety, and the choice would depend on how much you think you are going to use the rack. If you are a contractor who carries ladders and other equipment with you to work daily, a permanent installation would be more advisable. However, if you are only going to use the rack for recreational purposes during vacations, a temporary rack will be more suitable for your purpose.
Regardless of the type of rack that you choose, one very important element to consider Knockoff black enamel jewelry is the weight capacity of the rack. Many people tend to overlook this simple but crucial factor, sometimes ending up overloading their rack. Although they may get away with it sometimes, this is not a safe practice at all and can lead to disastrous accidents not only to you but to Knockoff hermes leather goods other people on the road as well. Besides, there is a legal limit as to how much you can load onto a vehicle rack so you should really be very careful.
If you are looking for ways to boost the storage space of your van, you've probably already come across the different kinds of racks that you can attach to your vehicle. The most popular of these are the van racks and the truck ladder racks.
A lot of vehicle owners are probably wondering what the differences are between these two types of racks and frankly, there really isn't much. They serve the same basic purpose, which is to offer extra storage on top or along the sides of your vehicle. They can both carry much more than just ladders but also other big and bulky items that are not convenient to stuff into the inside of the vehicle.
The only difference is probably the fact that van racks are designed for cargo vans and personal vans, while truck ladder racks are designed for pickup trucks or cargo trucks, which is actually quite obvious. Other than that, van racks and truck ladder racks are essentially the same in every respect.
Now, if you are a van owner looking to increase the storage capacity of your vehicle, you will be pleased to know that there are many different rack options out there that you can choose from. First, you should decide whether you want the rack to go on top of the van or imitation white enamel bracelet on the side.
Top mounted racks can typically carry more items and heavier loads. Most of them are permanent structures that have to be bolted on to the top of the truck using heavy duty screws to ensure that they are secure and safe. Aluminum and steel are the two most commonly used materials for manufacturing these trucks because of their durability and resistance to the elements.
Side mounted racks, on the other hand, can also carry heavy loads although the weight capacity is not as large as the top mounted varieties. They can also carry fewer items and are usually restricted to holding ladders and Knockoff cabag hermes price other objects of similar built.
Both van racks and truck ladder racks can come in either the permanent or temporary variety, and the choice would depend on how much you think you are going to use the rack. If you are a contractor who carries ladders and other equipment with you to work daily, a permanent installation would be more advisable. However, if you are only going to use the rack for recreational purposes during vacations, a temporary rack will be more suitable for your purpose.
Regardless of the type of rack that you choose, one very important element to consider Knockoff black enamel jewelry is the weight capacity of the rack. Many people tend to overlook this simple but crucial factor, sometimes ending up overloading their rack. Although they may get away with it sometimes, this is not a safe practice at all and can lead to disastrous accidents not only to you but to Knockoff hermes leather goods other people on the road as well. Besides, there is a legal limit as to how much you can load onto a vehicle rack so you should really be very careful.
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Where Is The Line Between Fantasy And Reality
I think fantasy is the potential for good things to happen. We think about situations and people imitation hermes briefcase in our minds, and we hope for something to happen. Reality is what does happen. Fantasy is daydreaming of an in ground swimming pool, nicely landscaped, stainless steel grill, and a nice table and chairs. Reality is an above ground pool, filter, and wooden picnic table. Our peace of mind comes from being able to accept reality, and enjoy it.
A fantasy of ours may be to own a Jaguar, while reality has us driving a van. We may fanaticize about living in a mansion where we could get lost walking around, while reality has us in a two bedroom ranch. Our mind might wander to having two horses and a beautiful barn in our backyard, while reality has two dogs and a cat running around.
I think it's good to fanaticize, sometimes it keeps a dream alive, and pushes us to work hard towards making it a reality. The hard part is accepting whatever your reality is, and enjoying it. If one suffers everytime a fantasy is not fulfilled, one would be a very unhappy person, no?
The line between fantasy and reality is usually the lack of money. Not always, but a lot of the time. We can't afford an in ground pool or a mansion, or horses and a barn, or a Jaguar, but we can love what we do have.
I redid my sitting room and I wanted figurines to put around. My fantasy would be to have Lladros gracing my dresser. Reality had me at the dollar store, buying beautiful figurines that look like Lladros. Im very happy with them. I think that's the key to dealing in reality, enjoy what you have, whatever it is at the time.
Maybe someone would like Baccarat crystal. There is plenty of stemware that mirrors that type of design, for a fraction of the cost. You can always check the dollar store!
I think it's important to blend our fantasies and reality together, so we can be at peace within ourselves, and our wants and desires. We probably wouldn't get the biggest breed of dog there is, if we lived in an apartment.
We might fanaticize about having a mountain dog, but enjoy our little maltipoo just as much. I guess it comes down to acceptance. Learning how to be happy with what we have and can afford. We may dream about a huge flat screen TV, but end up with a regular TV until we can afford to buy our fantasy.
Life is so much simpler once we learn how to adjust. The picket fence may have to Knockoff hermes clutch bags wait a few years. The basketball court will be there someday. For now, a backboard on the garage wall will do. Granite countertops would look beautiful, but the Formica ones will suffice for now.
We can make cheaper upgrades by painting the walls and brightening the house up, a little wallpaper there, some borders here, and your reality is almost as nice as those granite countertops would look. There is always a way to accept our reality, and continue fanaticizing at the same time, so we push towards goals.
College may be too Knockoff black enamel bracelet expensive, but you might be able to take a imitation hermes bag outlet course at a time. I love pajamas, and could get lost in my fantasy of buying every nice pair I see, but one pair here and there is fine. I don't lose sleep over it! My reality is fine with a pair once in a while.
I'd love hardwood floors, but I'll keep my rugs clean and vacuumed until the time I may be able to have those hardwood floors. The reality of the rugs is no problem, especially since I try to keep up with them. I have for twenty years.
They still look fine. Yes, I think it's good to dream and fanaticize about wants and desires, as long as we can just as easily and happily deal within our reality.
Writing calms her, and gives her a place to go by herself! Clears the head and gets it out. She lives in a rural area, with a lake and mountains, and her partner, and has loved writing since she was a child.
She has been on a journey of self discovery for over thirty years, and has learned many things about the human mind, and how to maintain some resemblance of calm and peace within.
If someone reads one of her stories, and relates to her feelings, and gets a suggestion on how she dealt with them in a positive way, that would be the ultimate gift of her writing.
I think fantasy is the potential for good things to happen. We think about situations and people imitation hermes briefcase in our minds, and we hope for something to happen. Reality is what does happen. Fantasy is daydreaming of an in ground swimming pool, nicely landscaped, stainless steel grill, and a nice table and chairs. Reality is an above ground pool, filter, and wooden picnic table. Our peace of mind comes from being able to accept reality, and enjoy it.
A fantasy of ours may be to own a Jaguar, while reality has us driving a van. We may fanaticize about living in a mansion where we could get lost walking around, while reality has us in a two bedroom ranch. Our mind might wander to having two horses and a beautiful barn in our backyard, while reality has two dogs and a cat running around.
I think it's good to fanaticize, sometimes it keeps a dream alive, and pushes us to work hard towards making it a reality. The hard part is accepting whatever your reality is, and enjoying it. If one suffers everytime a fantasy is not fulfilled, one would be a very unhappy person, no?
The line between fantasy and reality is usually the lack of money. Not always, but a lot of the time. We can't afford an in ground pool or a mansion, or horses and a barn, or a Jaguar, but we can love what we do have.
I redid my sitting room and I wanted figurines to put around. My fantasy would be to have Lladros gracing my dresser. Reality had me at the dollar store, buying beautiful figurines that look like Lladros. Im very happy with them. I think that's the key to dealing in reality, enjoy what you have, whatever it is at the time.
Maybe someone would like Baccarat crystal. There is plenty of stemware that mirrors that type of design, for a fraction of the cost. You can always check the dollar store!
I think it's important to blend our fantasies and reality together, so we can be at peace within ourselves, and our wants and desires. We probably wouldn't get the biggest breed of dog there is, if we lived in an apartment.
We might fanaticize about having a mountain dog, but enjoy our little maltipoo just as much. I guess it comes down to acceptance. Learning how to be happy with what we have and can afford. We may dream about a huge flat screen TV, but end up with a regular TV until we can afford to buy our fantasy.
Life is so much simpler once we learn how to adjust. The picket fence may have to Knockoff hermes clutch bags wait a few years. The basketball court will be there someday. For now, a backboard on the garage wall will do. Granite countertops would look beautiful, but the Formica ones will suffice for now.
We can make cheaper upgrades by painting the walls and brightening the house up, a little wallpaper there, some borders here, and your reality is almost as nice as those granite countertops would look. There is always a way to accept our reality, and continue fanaticizing at the same time, so we push towards goals.
College may be too Knockoff black enamel bracelet expensive, but you might be able to take a imitation hermes bag outlet course at a time. I love pajamas, and could get lost in my fantasy of buying every nice pair I see, but one pair here and there is fine. I don't lose sleep over it! My reality is fine with a pair once in a while.
I'd love hardwood floors, but I'll keep my rugs clean and vacuumed until the time I may be able to have those hardwood floors. The reality of the rugs is no problem, especially since I try to keep up with them. I have for twenty years.
They still look fine. Yes, I think it's good to dream and fanaticize about wants and desires, as long as we can just as easily and happily deal within our reality.
Writing calms her, and gives her a place to go by herself! Clears the head and gets it out. She lives in a rural area, with a lake and mountains, and her partner, and has loved writing since she was a child.
She has been on a journey of self discovery for over thirty years, and has learned many things about the human mind, and how to maintain some resemblance of calm and peace within.
If someone reads one of her stories, and relates to her feelings, and gets a suggestion on how she dealt with them in a positive way, that would be the ultimate gift of her writing.
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Water droplet impact on elastic superhydrophobic surfaces
AbstractWater droplet impact on surfaces is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and industry, where the time of contact between droplet and surface influences the transfer of mass, momentum and energy. To manipulate and reduce the contact time of impacting droplets, previous publications report tailoring of surface microstructures that influence the droplet surface interface. Here we show that surface elasticity also affects droplet impact, where a droplet impacting an elastic superhydrophobic surface can lead to a two fold reduction in contact time compared to equivalent rigid surfaces. Using high speed imaging, we investigated the impact dynamics on elastic nanostructured superhydrophobic substrates having membrane and cantilever designs with stiffness 0.5 7630N/m. Upon impact, the droplet excites the substrate to oscillate, while during liquid retraction, the substrate imparts vertical momentum back to the droplet with a springboard effect, causing early droplet lift off with reduced contact time. Through detailed experimental and theoretical analysis, we show that this novel springboarding phenomenon is achieved for a specific range of Weber numbers (We >40) and droplet Froude numbers during spreading (Fr >1). The observation of the substrate elasticity mediated droplet springboard effect provides new insight into droplet impact physics.IntroductionDynamics of droplet impact are important in many natural processes1,2 and industrial applications, including anti icing3,4, spray cooling5,6, pesticide and herbicide delivery7,8, and ink jet printing9. Droplet impact is governed by the complex flow physics arising within the deforming droplet, manifesting itself in the form of droplet lateral spreading and recoil. As the droplet impacts the surface, its kinetic energy is re directed in the lateral direction, flattening the droplet and converting the kinetic energy into surface energy. On low friction surfaces, this kinetic to surface energy conversion process is very efficient, resulting in minimal energy dissipation due to viscous effects10. Once all of the kinetic energy has been converted to surface energy of the flattened droplet, the reverse surface to kinetic energy conversion process initiates, resulting in droplet retraction and lift off in the vertical direction. The total contact time from initial impact to lift off, tc, influences the mass, momentum, and energy exchange between the droplet and the solid. Hence, achieving control of the contact time through manipulation of the internal flow physics dictates the transport processes occurring at the liquid solid interface.The contact time of water impact on a plane, rigid superhydrophobic surface is governed by the droplet size. Upon impact, the droplet spreads, reaches a maximum diameter, fully retracts, and vertically lifts off the surface11,10. For Weber numbers We=(v2D0)/ >1, where , D0, v and are the droplet density, initial diameter, impact speed, and surface tension, respectively, the droplet undergoes elastic impact. By balancing the droplet impact inertia (D0/tc2) with capillarity (/D02), the contact time scales as tc(D03/)1/2, and is independent of the impact speed12,13. Consequently, the only way to adjust the contact time on a plane, rigid, single length scale superhydrophobic surface is by controlling the droplet diameter.One approach to reduce the contact time is to use a surface with hierarchical superhydrophobic surface features. Droplets impacting miniature superhydrophobic ridges can break impact symmetry and decrease the contact hermes kelly clutch Knockoff time, by influencing droplet deformation near the miniature features and initiating early de wetting1,14. The same effect can be induced using a curved surface, when the curvature is on the order of the droplet diameter15. Also, during droplet recoil on hierarchical superhydrophobic posts, the surface to kinetic energy conversion can be enhanced by storing surface energy in the liquid between the miniature posts during impact, and recovering this energy during rebound16,17. For high speed impacts (We >12), droplets lift off near their maximum spreading diameter in a pancake like shape, reducing their contact time by a factor of 4. These previous approaches require fabrication of miniature features on the impacted surface, and that the impacting droplet is precisely aligned with these features. These surface structuring approaches rely on the droplet to be the energy storage mechanism (surface energy) during impact and recoil. Taking inspiration from nature (leaves) and human technology (springboards), we study droplet impact dynamics on elastic superhydrophobic substrates as a passive mechanism for controlling and reducing contact time. We hypothesize that droplets impacting elastic surfaces might exhibit distinct dynamics, resulting in energy storage and recovery not just within the droplet but also within the elastic surface. By studying droplet impact on superhydrophobic elastic polymer sheets, we show that droplets can undergo springboarding and reduce contact times by a factor of 2 when compared to rigid superhydrophobic surfaces. Further experimental observation and theoretical analysis elucidates a surface mediated energy storage mechanism arising from the coupling of the substrate elastic response to impact, and the droplet internal flow dynamics. In contrast to previous studies, we show that droplet dynamics can be altered and contact times reduced by introducing a second energy storage mechanism during impact elastic energy of the substrate in addition to surface energy of the droplet. We present new fundamental knowledge of droplet impact physics and provide a starting point for more advanced approaches to enhance the performance of droplet based applications by using substrate elasticity to achieve enhanced thermal, mass, or momentum transport.ResultsImpact DynamicsWe first considered droplet impact on stiff and elastic nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces. The elastic and rigid surfaces were created by coating polymer sheets of thickness hs=10 500m and a glass slide, respectively, with a commercial nanoparticle spray to render them superhydrophobic, resulting in apparent advancing/receding contact angles of 1644/1593 (see Methods for details). Prior to droplet impact testing, the superhydrophobic coating was characterized for its morphology and wetting characteristics. Figure 1a,b show optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the superhydrophobic surfaces. Individual nanoparticles with diameters d 30nm (Fig. 1b) formed macroscopic clusters (Fig. 1a), leading to random, hierarchical surface structures with an overall roughness of r7.5, where r is the ratio of the total surface area to the projected area, and an effective solid liquid fraction of f0.05 (for more information on surface roughness, see Supplementary Information, section S.3). Droplet impact on the elastic surfaces differed greatly from impact on the rigid superhydrophobic surface.Figure 1: Surface characterization and dynamic behavior of water droplet impact on rigid and elastic superhydrophobic surfaces.(a) SEM micrographs showing the macroscale roughness of the NeverWet superhydrophobic coating due to particle clustering. (b) High resolution SEM micrograph showing individual nanoparticles. Inset: water droplet on a NeverWet coated glass slide (scale bar 1mm). The advancing and receding contact angles were 1644 and 1593, respectively. (c) High speed images showing a low velocity droplet (v=0.68m/s) impacting a rigid superhydrophobic surface, and following the classical model of spreading, retraction and lift off at the theoretical contact time tc,th=2.6 (D03/8)1/2. (d) Droplet impact on a rigid superhydrophobic surface at higher impact speeds (v=1.58m/s), showing breakup and splashing. (e) Droplet impact on an elastic superhydrophobic surface at higher impact speeds (v=1.57m/s), showing substrate oscillation, and early lift off of the droplet in a pancake shape at reduced contact times (tc tc,th=6.3ms).Figure 1c shows a droplet with D0=1.48mm impacting the rigid superhydrophobic sample at a speed of v=0.68m/s, corresponding to We=9.6 and Oh=0.0031 ( where is the droplet dynamic viscosity). As expected, impact causes the droplet to spread laterally, undergo kinetic to surface energy conversion due to additional surface area creation, and reach a maximum diameter Dmax at the spreading time t=tspr. The droplet then undergoes the reverse process and retracts due to surface to kinetic energy conversion and finally lifts off the surface at the theoretical contact time tc=tc,th=2.6 (D03/8)1/210,11,12,13. At higher impact speeds, as shown in Fig. breaks up into a core droplet and several satellite droplets after reaching its maximum spreading diameter. The remaining core of the droplet detaches from the substrate at tc=tc,th. Interestingly, when the droplet impacts the elastic surface, as shown in Fig. 1e with a droplet with D0=1.50mm and v=1.57m/s (We=51.2), splashing is eliminated by the droplet edge detachment from the surface. Before the droplet can fully retract, the entire droplet has lifted off the surface in a spread (or pancake) shape at a contact time 21% shorter than the theoretical contact time on a rigid superhydrophobic surface.Energy Conversion During ImpactInspired by this unique observation, we hypothesize that substrate elasticity enables a new energy conversion mechanism to come into play during droplet impact. On the elastic surface, two distinct post impact energy conversion mechanisms exist: kinetic to surface within the droplet and kinetic to elastic between the droplet and the elastic substrate. If tailored correctly, the elasticity of the substrate can be designed such that the two fundamental energy conversion mechanisms have disparate timescales, allowing for faster vertical momentum transfer from the elastic to kinetic energy conversion than from the classical surface to kinetic mechanism within the droplet, and thus early droplet lift off from the surface.In order to systematically study the effect of substrate elasticity on contact times, we conducted droplet impact experiments on elastic surfaces with varying stiffness (0.5k D0 v We Oh1, such that viscous forces were negligible when compared to capillary or inertial forces. Figure 2 summarizes the contact times for droplet impact on fixed fixed substrates (a, b, c) and cantilever style substrates (d, e, f). For substrate stiffness 20k vc, contact times were reduced when compared to impact on a rigid superhydrophobic surface (k=7630N/m). For low impact speeds (v Supplementary Video S1). For 0.2v vc, substrate mounting and stiffness had no effect on the droplet contact time (see Supplementary Video S2 and Video S3), which was in excellent agreement with the inertial capillary scaled contact time, tc=tc,th. For v > vc, splashing occurred for substrates having k k >150N/m (see Supplementary Video S4), while on substrates having moderate stiffness (20k Supplementary Video S5). The experiments were terminated once splashing occurred. Our data shows that droplet contact times can be halved when compared to droplet impact at lower impact speeds and on rigid superhydrophobic substrates. The reduction in contact time was observed on both fixed fixed and cantilever style substrates and was found to weakly depend on the axial impact location of the droplet due to an increase in substrate stiffness with decreasing distance to the mount (see Supplementary Information, section S.4). It is important to note that the stiffness of the substrate did not directly influence the slope and magnitude of the decrease in contact times. Furthermore, droplet spreading times were not affected by the substrate elasticity and remained constant for all substrate mounting and elasticities, in agreement with previous studies (see Supplementary Information, section S.5)1,17.Figure 2Contact times for impacting droplets for fixed fixed (a c) and cantilever (d f) style mounted substrates as a function of impact speed and substrate stiffness for the three droplet diameter ranges. The critical impact speed, vc (also see Supplementary Information, section S.5), is marked with a dashed line. For impact speeds, v >vc, the contact time decreased as a result of the 'springboard' effect where the droplet lifted off the surface prior to fully retracting. Measurements were terminated once splashing occurred. Error bars are smaller than the symbol sizes and are not shown. In (b), droplets impacting the substrate with stiffness k=63N/m did so off center from the axis, inducing a torsion of the substrate rather than an oscillation, and eliminating the possibility for contact time reduction.In addition to contact time reduction, Fig. droplet breakup and creation of satellite droplets, occurs at higher impact speeds on grace kelly bag hermes cheap elastic substrates than on rigid substrates, which has been reported previously for ethanol droplets impacting a circular membrane18. In the present study, the increase in the splashing threshold speed on fixed fixed substrates was observed for substrate stiffness up to 130N/m. The elasticity of the substrate enables kinetic to elastic energy conversion between the droplet and the substrate at early stages of impact. Hence, not as much energy is left over for kinetic to surface energy conversion, resulting in a decreased spreading inertia and increased critical splashing speed18. For all droplet sizes, splashing initiated at higher impact speeds on fixed fixed hermes kelly sizes imitation when compared to the cantilever style substrates due to more efficient kinetic to elastic energy conversion on the former mounting configuration.Mechanism of Elasticity Mediated Contact Time ReductionIn order to better understand the physical mechanism of contact time reduction, we measured the dynamics of the elastic substrate during impact and developed a simple oscillator model of substrate motion. For the fixed fixed and the cantilever substrates, the eigenfrequencies f0 can be computed as and , respectively, where ms, L, , E, and I are the mass, length, Poisson's ratio (PMMA=0.38), Young's modulus (EPMMA=3 GPa), and area moment of inertia (I=whs3/12) of the substrate, where w is the width and hs the thickness of the substrate. Table 1 lists the calculated and observed eigenfrequencies of the substrates, which are in excellent agreement, giving us confidence in the validity of the harmonic oscillator approximation. Upon impact, the droplet exerts a force on the substrate, which causes the substrate to oscillate. The upward motion of the substrate during oscillation governs the contact time reduction of an impacting droplet, acting to accelerate the flattened droplet (Dmax) in the vertical direction against gravity. The added upward force from the elastic substrate causes the droplet to detach before fully undergoing surface to kinetic energy conversion. During early departure, the droplet remains in a spread, pancake like shape (see Supplementary Videos S5). We refer to this early lift off mechanism as the springboard effect, or springboarding, taking inspiration from a springboard where the vertical acceleration of an elastic membrane or spring (elastic to kinetic energy exchange) helps a jumper to rebound. It is important to note that although analogous droplet springboarding, or trampolining has been observed on suspended soap films19, the springboard effect shown here differs fundamentally from evaporation induced droplet trampolining20. The droplet images in Fig. 3a illustrate the coupling between the oscillation of an elastic substrate in the fixed fixed configuration (k=107N/m) and droplet lift off in the pancake shape. After reaching the maximum spreading diameter (3), the edges of the droplet detach (4) near a minimum substrate position. The subsequent upward motion of the substrate supports the detachment of the center of the droplet and results in early droplet lift off (5). Figure 3b,c show the cantilever style substrate responses for k=29.8N/m and k=2.2N/m, respectively. While for the high stiffness cantilever (k=29.8N/m), droplet lift off did not occur in the pancake shape, yet contact time reduction was observed. However, droplet impact on the low stiffness substrate (k=2.2N/m) did not have a reduced contact time. Furthermore, while the stiffer cantilever oscillated at its natural eigenfrequency (f0=112Hz), the softer substrate showed an additional higher order oscillation (f0=11 and f1=68Hz). The time scales of droplet spreading and recoil (10ms) were much shorter than the first order oscillation timescale (100ms) for the low stiffness substrate, resulting in the inability to accelerate the droplet upwards (see Supplementary Video S6), and enabling full droplet recoil before lift off with similar contact times as those on a rigid superhydrophobic surface21,22. To enable contact time reduction, our results show that the substrate oscillation and droplet impact timescales must be on the same order of magnitude.Figure 3: Substrate response and droplet shapes after droplet impact (scale bar 1mm for all inset images).(a) Fixed fixed substrate with k=107N/m, D0=2.2mm and f0=325Hz. Inset: Time lapse images of the droplet impact. The substrate starts a harmonic oscillation at its natural frequency shortly after droplet impact. The droplet spreads, and lifts off the surface in a pancake shape (springboard effect). (b) Cantilever substrate with k=29.8N/m and D0=2.1mm. The substrate oscillates at its natural frequency, f0=112Hz. Inset: Time lapse images of the droplet impact showing that droplet lift off does not occur in a pancake shape, but is distinct from the retraction behavior on a rigid substrate. (c) Cantilever substrate with k=2.2N/m and D0=2.4mm. The substrate is so elastic that the droplet impact activates substrate oscillations with both the natural (f0=11Hz) and higher order frequencies (f1=68Hz). Even more elastic substrates exhibit even higher order modes, f2=178Hz (not shown). Inset: Time lapse images of the droplet impact showing spreading, retraction, and lift off behavior similar to that on rigid superhydrophobic surfaces.An additional mechanism for contact time reduction can be found by studying the droplet dynamics at high impact speeds. We first determined the critical speed for the onset of contact time reduction, vc, which was a function of the initial droplet diameter (Fig. 2). As shown in Figs 1e and 3a, and explained above, early lift off initiates at the edge of the droplet, analogous to the initial phase of droplet breakup during splashing. When splashing occurs, viscous drag decelerates the rim of the spreading droplet while the edges deform hermes kelly clutch copy upwards and away from the surface. splashing23,24,25. For splashing to occur, the splash parameter, K=WeRe1/2, where the droplet Reynolds number is Re=D0v/, must be greater than a critical parameter Kc. The critical parameter depends on the substrate roughness, and can be approximated as, Kc3,600 for the substrates used in this study26,27,28. During droplet bouncing in the present experiments, droplets initiate their lift off at the edges of the droplet at maximum spreading, as can be seen in Figs 1e and 3a; a behavior similar to the first step during splashing (also see Supplementary Video S5). During spreading, the leading edge of the radial liquid flows over a small layer of air beneath it which provides lift to the advancing contact line29. The lift force created by the spreading rim acts against gravity and facilitates the subsequent substrate oscillation driven lift off of the entire droplet. We can thus link the critical splashing parameter to the onset of contact time reduction to obtain vc=2.1/D00.6, where D0 is the droplet diameter in units of millimeters, and vc is the critical droplet impact speed in units of meters per second. For a detailed derivation of the critical impact speed, including a di
AbstractWater droplet impact on surfaces is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and industry, where the time of contact between droplet and surface influences the transfer of mass, momentum and energy. To manipulate and reduce the contact time of impacting droplets, previous publications report tailoring of surface microstructures that influence the droplet surface interface. Here we show that surface elasticity also affects droplet impact, where a droplet impacting an elastic superhydrophobic surface can lead to a two fold reduction in contact time compared to equivalent rigid surfaces. Using high speed imaging, we investigated the impact dynamics on elastic nanostructured superhydrophobic substrates having membrane and cantilever designs with stiffness 0.5 7630N/m. Upon impact, the droplet excites the substrate to oscillate, while during liquid retraction, the substrate imparts vertical momentum back to the droplet with a springboard effect, causing early droplet lift off with reduced contact time. Through detailed experimental and theoretical analysis, we show that this novel springboarding phenomenon is achieved for a specific range of Weber numbers (We >40) and droplet Froude numbers during spreading (Fr >1). The observation of the substrate elasticity mediated droplet springboard effect provides new insight into droplet impact physics.IntroductionDynamics of droplet impact are important in many natural processes1,2 and industrial applications, including anti icing3,4, spray cooling5,6, pesticide and herbicide delivery7,8, and ink jet printing9. Droplet impact is governed by the complex flow physics arising within the deforming droplet, manifesting itself in the form of droplet lateral spreading and recoil. As the droplet impacts the surface, its kinetic energy is re directed in the lateral direction, flattening the droplet and converting the kinetic energy into surface energy. On low friction surfaces, this kinetic to surface energy conversion process is very efficient, resulting in minimal energy dissipation due to viscous effects10. Once all of the kinetic energy has been converted to surface energy of the flattened droplet, the reverse surface to kinetic energy conversion process initiates, resulting in droplet retraction and lift off in the vertical direction. The total contact time from initial impact to lift off, tc, influences the mass, momentum, and energy exchange between the droplet and the solid. Hence, achieving control of the contact time through manipulation of the internal flow physics dictates the transport processes occurring at the liquid solid interface.The contact time of water impact on a plane, rigid superhydrophobic surface is governed by the droplet size. Upon impact, the droplet spreads, reaches a maximum diameter, fully retracts, and vertically lifts off the surface11,10. For Weber numbers We=(v2D0)/ >1, where , D0, v and are the droplet density, initial diameter, impact speed, and surface tension, respectively, the droplet undergoes elastic impact. By balancing the droplet impact inertia (D0/tc2) with capillarity (/D02), the contact time scales as tc(D03/)1/2, and is independent of the impact speed12,13. Consequently, the only way to adjust the contact time on a plane, rigid, single length scale superhydrophobic surface is by controlling the droplet diameter.One approach to reduce the contact time is to use a surface with hierarchical superhydrophobic surface features. Droplets impacting miniature superhydrophobic ridges can break impact symmetry and decrease the contact hermes kelly clutch Knockoff time, by influencing droplet deformation near the miniature features and initiating early de wetting1,14. The same effect can be induced using a curved surface, when the curvature is on the order of the droplet diameter15. Also, during droplet recoil on hierarchical superhydrophobic posts, the surface to kinetic energy conversion can be enhanced by storing surface energy in the liquid between the miniature posts during impact, and recovering this energy during rebound16,17. For high speed impacts (We >12), droplets lift off near their maximum spreading diameter in a pancake like shape, reducing their contact time by a factor of 4. These previous approaches require fabrication of miniature features on the impacted surface, and that the impacting droplet is precisely aligned with these features. These surface structuring approaches rely on the droplet to be the energy storage mechanism (surface energy) during impact and recoil. Taking inspiration from nature (leaves) and human technology (springboards), we study droplet impact dynamics on elastic superhydrophobic substrates as a passive mechanism for controlling and reducing contact time. We hypothesize that droplets impacting elastic surfaces might exhibit distinct dynamics, resulting in energy storage and recovery not just within the droplet but also within the elastic surface. By studying droplet impact on superhydrophobic elastic polymer sheets, we show that droplets can undergo springboarding and reduce contact times by a factor of 2 when compared to rigid superhydrophobic surfaces. Further experimental observation and theoretical analysis elucidates a surface mediated energy storage mechanism arising from the coupling of the substrate elastic response to impact, and the droplet internal flow dynamics. In contrast to previous studies, we show that droplet dynamics can be altered and contact times reduced by introducing a second energy storage mechanism during impact elastic energy of the substrate in addition to surface energy of the droplet. We present new fundamental knowledge of droplet impact physics and provide a starting point for more advanced approaches to enhance the performance of droplet based applications by using substrate elasticity to achieve enhanced thermal, mass, or momentum transport.ResultsImpact DynamicsWe first considered droplet impact on stiff and elastic nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces. The elastic and rigid surfaces were created by coating polymer sheets of thickness hs=10 500m and a glass slide, respectively, with a commercial nanoparticle spray to render them superhydrophobic, resulting in apparent advancing/receding contact angles of 1644/1593 (see Methods for details). Prior to droplet impact testing, the superhydrophobic coating was characterized for its morphology and wetting characteristics. Figure 1a,b show optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the superhydrophobic surfaces. Individual nanoparticles with diameters d 30nm (Fig. 1b) formed macroscopic clusters (Fig. 1a), leading to random, hierarchical surface structures with an overall roughness of r7.5, where r is the ratio of the total surface area to the projected area, and an effective solid liquid fraction of f0.05 (for more information on surface roughness, see Supplementary Information, section S.3). Droplet impact on the elastic surfaces differed greatly from impact on the rigid superhydrophobic surface.Figure 1: Surface characterization and dynamic behavior of water droplet impact on rigid and elastic superhydrophobic surfaces.(a) SEM micrographs showing the macroscale roughness of the NeverWet superhydrophobic coating due to particle clustering. (b) High resolution SEM micrograph showing individual nanoparticles. Inset: water droplet on a NeverWet coated glass slide (scale bar 1mm). The advancing and receding contact angles were 1644 and 1593, respectively. (c) High speed images showing a low velocity droplet (v=0.68m/s) impacting a rigid superhydrophobic surface, and following the classical model of spreading, retraction and lift off at the theoretical contact time tc,th=2.6 (D03/8)1/2. (d) Droplet impact on a rigid superhydrophobic surface at higher impact speeds (v=1.58m/s), showing breakup and splashing. (e) Droplet impact on an elastic superhydrophobic surface at higher impact speeds (v=1.57m/s), showing substrate oscillation, and early lift off of the droplet in a pancake shape at reduced contact times (tc tc,th=6.3ms).Figure 1c shows a droplet with D0=1.48mm impacting the rigid superhydrophobic sample at a speed of v=0.68m/s, corresponding to We=9.6 and Oh=0.0031 ( where is the droplet dynamic viscosity). As expected, impact causes the droplet to spread laterally, undergo kinetic to surface energy conversion due to additional surface area creation, and reach a maximum diameter Dmax at the spreading time t=tspr. The droplet then undergoes the reverse process and retracts due to surface to kinetic energy conversion and finally lifts off the surface at the theoretical contact time tc=tc,th=2.6 (D03/8)1/210,11,12,13. At higher impact speeds, as shown in Fig. breaks up into a core droplet and several satellite droplets after reaching its maximum spreading diameter. The remaining core of the droplet detaches from the substrate at tc=tc,th. Interestingly, when the droplet impacts the elastic surface, as shown in Fig. 1e with a droplet with D0=1.50mm and v=1.57m/s (We=51.2), splashing is eliminated by the droplet edge detachment from the surface. Before the droplet can fully retract, the entire droplet has lifted off the surface in a spread (or pancake) shape at a contact time 21% shorter than the theoretical contact time on a rigid superhydrophobic surface.Energy Conversion During ImpactInspired by this unique observation, we hypothesize that substrate elasticity enables a new energy conversion mechanism to come into play during droplet impact. On the elastic surface, two distinct post impact energy conversion mechanisms exist: kinetic to surface within the droplet and kinetic to elastic between the droplet and the elastic substrate. If tailored correctly, the elasticity of the substrate can be designed such that the two fundamental energy conversion mechanisms have disparate timescales, allowing for faster vertical momentum transfer from the elastic to kinetic energy conversion than from the classical surface to kinetic mechanism within the droplet, and thus early droplet lift off from the surface.In order to systematically study the effect of substrate elasticity on contact times, we conducted droplet impact experiments on elastic surfaces with varying stiffness (0.5k D0 v We Oh1, such that viscous forces were negligible when compared to capillary or inertial forces. Figure 2 summarizes the contact times for droplet impact on fixed fixed substrates (a, b, c) and cantilever style substrates (d, e, f). For substrate stiffness 20k vc, contact times were reduced when compared to impact on a rigid superhydrophobic surface (k=7630N/m). For low impact speeds (v Supplementary Video S1). For 0.2v vc, substrate mounting and stiffness had no effect on the droplet contact time (see Supplementary Video S2 and Video S3), which was in excellent agreement with the inertial capillary scaled contact time, tc=tc,th. For v > vc, splashing occurred for substrates having k k >150N/m (see Supplementary Video S4), while on substrates having moderate stiffness (20k Supplementary Video S5). The experiments were terminated once splashing occurred. Our data shows that droplet contact times can be halved when compared to droplet impact at lower impact speeds and on rigid superhydrophobic substrates. The reduction in contact time was observed on both fixed fixed and cantilever style substrates and was found to weakly depend on the axial impact location of the droplet due to an increase in substrate stiffness with decreasing distance to the mount (see Supplementary Information, section S.4). It is important to note that the stiffness of the substrate did not directly influence the slope and magnitude of the decrease in contact times. Furthermore, droplet spreading times were not affected by the substrate elasticity and remained constant for all substrate mounting and elasticities, in agreement with previous studies (see Supplementary Information, section S.5)1,17.Figure 2Contact times for impacting droplets for fixed fixed (a c) and cantilever (d f) style mounted substrates as a function of impact speed and substrate stiffness for the three droplet diameter ranges. The critical impact speed, vc (also see Supplementary Information, section S.5), is marked with a dashed line. For impact speeds, v >vc, the contact time decreased as a result of the 'springboard' effect where the droplet lifted off the surface prior to fully retracting. Measurements were terminated once splashing occurred. Error bars are smaller than the symbol sizes and are not shown. In (b), droplets impacting the substrate with stiffness k=63N/m did so off center from the axis, inducing a torsion of the substrate rather than an oscillation, and eliminating the possibility for contact time reduction.In addition to contact time reduction, Fig. droplet breakup and creation of satellite droplets, occurs at higher impact speeds on grace kelly bag hermes cheap elastic substrates than on rigid substrates, which has been reported previously for ethanol droplets impacting a circular membrane18. In the present study, the increase in the splashing threshold speed on fixed fixed substrates was observed for substrate stiffness up to 130N/m. The elasticity of the substrate enables kinetic to elastic energy conversion between the droplet and the substrate at early stages of impact. Hence, not as much energy is left over for kinetic to surface energy conversion, resulting in a decreased spreading inertia and increased critical splashing speed18. For all droplet sizes, splashing initiated at higher impact speeds on fixed fixed hermes kelly sizes imitation when compared to the cantilever style substrates due to more efficient kinetic to elastic energy conversion on the former mounting configuration.Mechanism of Elasticity Mediated Contact Time ReductionIn order to better understand the physical mechanism of contact time reduction, we measured the dynamics of the elastic substrate during impact and developed a simple oscillator model of substrate motion. For the fixed fixed and the cantilever substrates, the eigenfrequencies f0 can be computed as and , respectively, where ms, L, , E, and I are the mass, length, Poisson's ratio (PMMA=0.38), Young's modulus (EPMMA=3 GPa), and area moment of inertia (I=whs3/12) of the substrate, where w is the width and hs the thickness of the substrate. Table 1 lists the calculated and observed eigenfrequencies of the substrates, which are in excellent agreement, giving us confidence in the validity of the harmonic oscillator approximation. Upon impact, the droplet exerts a force on the substrate, which causes the substrate to oscillate. The upward motion of the substrate during oscillation governs the contact time reduction of an impacting droplet, acting to accelerate the flattened droplet (Dmax) in the vertical direction against gravity. The added upward force from the elastic substrate causes the droplet to detach before fully undergoing surface to kinetic energy conversion. During early departure, the droplet remains in a spread, pancake like shape (see Supplementary Videos S5). We refer to this early lift off mechanism as the springboard effect, or springboarding, taking inspiration from a springboard where the vertical acceleration of an elastic membrane or spring (elastic to kinetic energy exchange) helps a jumper to rebound. It is important to note that although analogous droplet springboarding, or trampolining has been observed on suspended soap films19, the springboard effect shown here differs fundamentally from evaporation induced droplet trampolining20. The droplet images in Fig. 3a illustrate the coupling between the oscillation of an elastic substrate in the fixed fixed configuration (k=107N/m) and droplet lift off in the pancake shape. After reaching the maximum spreading diameter (3), the edges of the droplet detach (4) near a minimum substrate position. The subsequent upward motion of the substrate supports the detachment of the center of the droplet and results in early droplet lift off (5). Figure 3b,c show the cantilever style substrate responses for k=29.8N/m and k=2.2N/m, respectively. While for the high stiffness cantilever (k=29.8N/m), droplet lift off did not occur in the pancake shape, yet contact time reduction was observed. However, droplet impact on the low stiffness substrate (k=2.2N/m) did not have a reduced contact time. Furthermore, while the stiffer cantilever oscillated at its natural eigenfrequency (f0=112Hz), the softer substrate showed an additional higher order oscillation (f0=11 and f1=68Hz). The time scales of droplet spreading and recoil (10ms) were much shorter than the first order oscillation timescale (100ms) for the low stiffness substrate, resulting in the inability to accelerate the droplet upwards (see Supplementary Video S6), and enabling full droplet recoil before lift off with similar contact times as those on a rigid superhydrophobic surface21,22. To enable contact time reduction, our results show that the substrate oscillation and droplet impact timescales must be on the same order of magnitude.Figure 3: Substrate response and droplet shapes after droplet impact (scale bar 1mm for all inset images).(a) Fixed fixed substrate with k=107N/m, D0=2.2mm and f0=325Hz. Inset: Time lapse images of the droplet impact. The substrate starts a harmonic oscillation at its natural frequency shortly after droplet impact. The droplet spreads, and lifts off the surface in a pancake shape (springboard effect). (b) Cantilever substrate with k=29.8N/m and D0=2.1mm. The substrate oscillates at its natural frequency, f0=112Hz. Inset: Time lapse images of the droplet impact showing that droplet lift off does not occur in a pancake shape, but is distinct from the retraction behavior on a rigid substrate. (c) Cantilever substrate with k=2.2N/m and D0=2.4mm. The substrate is so elastic that the droplet impact activates substrate oscillations with both the natural (f0=11Hz) and higher order frequencies (f1=68Hz). Even more elastic substrates exhibit even higher order modes, f2=178Hz (not shown). Inset: Time lapse images of the droplet impact showing spreading, retraction, and lift off behavior similar to that on rigid superhydrophobic surfaces.An additional mechanism for contact time reduction can be found by studying the droplet dynamics at high impact speeds. We first determined the critical speed for the onset of contact time reduction, vc, which was a function of the initial droplet diameter (Fig. 2). As shown in Figs 1e and 3a, and explained above, early lift off initiates at the edge of the droplet, analogous to the initial phase of droplet breakup during splashing. When splashing occurs, viscous drag decelerates the rim of the spreading droplet while the edges deform hermes kelly clutch copy upwards and away from the surface. splashing23,24,25. For splashing to occur, the splash parameter, K=WeRe1/2, where the droplet Reynolds number is Re=D0v/, must be greater than a critical parameter Kc. The critical parameter depends on the substrate roughness, and can be approximated as, Kc3,600 for the substrates used in this study26,27,28. During droplet bouncing in the present experiments, droplets initiate their lift off at the edges of the droplet at maximum spreading, as can be seen in Figs 1e and 3a; a behavior similar to the first step during splashing (also see Supplementary Video S5). During spreading, the leading edge of the radial liquid flows over a small layer of air beneath it which provides lift to the advancing contact line29. The lift force created by the spreading rim acts against gravity and facilitates the subsequent substrate oscillation driven lift off of the entire droplet. We can thus link the critical splashing parameter to the onset of contact time reduction to obtain vc=2.1/D00.6, where D0 is the droplet diameter in units of millimeters, and vc is the critical droplet impact speed in units of meters per second. For a detailed derivation of the critical impact speed, including a di
What Is the Visual Texture and Actual Texture in
While living and working in Arles in 1888, Van Gogh painted his first Night painting. Called Night over Rhone, this painting hints at the rough textured brush strokes to come but is mostly a more traditionally brushed painting. The actual surface of the picture is smooth and well integrated. The images, though, suggest the texture of a rippling water surface underneath a glittering night sky of stars. The way the texture of the water and reflected starlight are rendered in this painting merely hint hermes bag kelly faux at the more elaborate, heavily textured brush work to come.
Van Gogh work in Arles was influenced by Paul Gauguin, who created his paintings from memory. Van Gogh began to experiment with this process, incorporating thicker brush strokes and bold applications of color. As result, his work took on a fantastical appearance, and he noticed he was able to express his emotional turbulence in his art. The texture of the paintings that emerged in this, Van Gogh late period of work, revealed thick swirls of paint that stood away from the surface of the picture, mimicking the swirls painted as a part of the picture's image. At this time, Van Gogh entered a phase of painting in which the texture of hermes kelly cut fake the paint on the canvas reflected the texture of the image being represented in the painting. This would become Van Gogh's signature painting style, a style famously employed in "Starry Night."
The years 1888 and 1889 were pivotal for Van Gogh. His mental health became more strained. He traveled to an institution in Saint Remy to seek treatment. There, he painted some of his hermes kelly cut cheap most memorable work, including the Night of 1889. The texture of the bold brush strokes and undulating circles and swoops make the images seem to vibrate on the canvas. The texture here is visually meant to provide the viewer a sense of motion and vibrant light, exaggerating the twinkling of the stars out of realistic proportion. As for the actual texture on the canvas, each swirl and swoop of paint is represented by the brushwork itself, creating a visual texture in perfect sync with the actual texture of the hermes kelly sizes cheap painting.
While living and working in Arles in 1888, Van Gogh painted his first Night painting. Called Night over Rhone, this painting hints at the rough textured brush strokes to come but is mostly a more traditionally brushed painting. The actual surface of the picture is smooth and well integrated. The images, though, suggest the texture of a rippling water surface underneath a glittering night sky of stars. The way the texture of the water and reflected starlight are rendered in this painting merely hint hermes bag kelly faux at the more elaborate, heavily textured brush work to come.
Van Gogh work in Arles was influenced by Paul Gauguin, who created his paintings from memory. Van Gogh began to experiment with this process, incorporating thicker brush strokes and bold applications of color. As result, his work took on a fantastical appearance, and he noticed he was able to express his emotional turbulence in his art. The texture of the paintings that emerged in this, Van Gogh late period of work, revealed thick swirls of paint that stood away from the surface of the picture, mimicking the swirls painted as a part of the picture's image. At this time, Van Gogh entered a phase of painting in which the texture of hermes kelly cut fake the paint on the canvas reflected the texture of the image being represented in the painting. This would become Van Gogh's signature painting style, a style famously employed in "Starry Night."
The years 1888 and 1889 were pivotal for Van Gogh. His mental health became more strained. He traveled to an institution in Saint Remy to seek treatment. There, he painted some of his hermes kelly cut cheap most memorable work, including the Night of 1889. The texture of the bold brush strokes and undulating circles and swoops make the images seem to vibrate on the canvas. The texture here is visually meant to provide the viewer a sense of motion and vibrant light, exaggerating the twinkling of the stars out of realistic proportion. As for the actual texture on the canvas, each swirl and swoop of paint is represented by the brushwork itself, creating a visual texture in perfect sync with the actual texture of the hermes kelly sizes cheap painting.
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