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'Memphis' at Oaklyn's Ritz Theatre
Almost two hundred years ago, German composer Ludwig van Beethoven wrote, "Music should strike fire from the heart of man and bring tears from the eyes of woman," but the thrillingly energetic musical "Memphis," directed by Bruce A. Curless now playing at Oaklyn's Ritz Theatre through February 5, shows that music may bring both fire and tears to people of either sex.
The show by David Bryan and Joe DiPietro, which won four Tony Awards including best musical and had a Broadway run of over 1100 performances, tells the love story of Felicia Farrell (played alternately by Vedra Chandler and Tiara Greene) and Huey Calhoun (played by both Matt Reher and Abia Johnson), a character based loosely on the career of a real life DJ named Dewey Phillips, but the progress of their love story is complicated by society's segregationist rules and racial prejudices as well as who they are and how they face the changes that time brings.
Huey, an illiterate stock boy at a department store in Memphis in the 1950's, is driven by his love of music and a need to share his music with others. What he loves best is rock and roll that he's heard at Delray's black bar on Beale Street where he meets and flirts with Felicia, an aspiring singer and the owner's younger sister. To impress her, Huey promises to get Felicia on the radio. His first objective then is to find a DJ job.
Most station managers aren't interested in breaking barriers or hiring newcomers who advocate black music, however enthusiastic they may be, but Mr. Simmons (Glen Funkhouser) agrees to give Huey a trial. When teenagers call in demanding more of Huey's music and an advertiser realizes Huey's overwhelming success at selling his beer, Huey sees his chance to keep his promise to Felicia.
Meanwhile, Delray (Darryl Thompson, Jr.) has saved enough money to cover recording Felicia's first single, but Huey's racially prejudiced mother Gladys (Tasha Waters) breaks the record, and Huey risks all by having Felicia perform live on his station. She becomes an instant hit. Her acceptance could be the first stirrings of musical and racial change, but that won't be easy since both Huey and Felicia face opposition at home, and society never accepts change without struggle.
In Act Two, Huey and Felicia are both enjoying popularity but have given up on their plans to marry. Huey's the host of a teen TV music show featuring all black dancers and a new singer named Bobby (Devon Sinclair) who ignites the crowd with his song called "Big Love," but Huey resists Felicia's suggestion that they go to New Yok where their chances of success are greater. From there, the story continues to illustrate the tradition of true love never running smooth.
This bright, brash musical, which replica Van Cleef & Arpels Clover Necklace white diamond actually began its national tour in Memphis, demanded performers who had both musical and dramatic skills, so casting wasn't easy. Benita Famer who acted as the production's vocal music director participated in the auditions which had a hefty turnout. Musical styles required by Bryan's varied score, which has a best selling original Broadway cast recording on the Rhino label and a London cast version on First Night Records, range from blues, rock, gospel and ballads to girl group pop, and it was Famer's job to be sure that every performer in the cast of over twenty was comfortable whatever musical styles their roles demanded. Creating a solid ensemble sound was her greatest responsibility. As Famer put it, "The sound must be solid because, in this show, the music comes from the heart, and the songs are part of the plot. The show goes forward rather than stops because of each song.
"I teach music and voice, and I'm always on the lookout for opportunities like auditions for my own pupils since many of them are so talented, but the characters in this show are all older than my students who are in grades six to twelve," said Famer, "although some of my kids have actually sung a few of the songs from the score in class or as audition pieces. Numbers like 'Someday,' or 'Colored Woman' are good, solid songs that can show off a singer's ability and deserve a life outside the show."
Famer and most of the cast members in this production, like Vedra Chandler who plays Felicia, are new to the Ritz. Camden born Chandler, who has a degree in government from Harvard University, is no stranger to vibrant musicals and her resume lists shows like "Hairspray," "Aida," "All Shook Up," "High School Musical" and "Cirque du Soleil."
"I saw the show in London's West End when I was with one of the shows I toured with, and although the dancing was amazing and the set gorgeous, there was something missing. This is a very American show, and I can certainly understand why people get excited about beautiful van cleef necklace clover replica it and why it won so many awards like the Tony. Yes, it has its negative aspects like segregation and prejudice, but it's also very much a celebration of possibilities and those even greater possibilities when changes happen," said Chandler who is really enjoying playing Felicia.
"Felicia is a sincere, talented woman who feels safe in her brother's nightclub where her work is appreciated, but, because of her time and place, she realizes that her choices are few. Her brother Delray is really trying his best to get her more career options, but, in the beginning, there's not a lot of polish to her singing although there's a Clover flower van cleef necklace replica great amount of heart," said Chandler who explained that Felicia has difficult career choices to make in the second act that her previous experiences may not have prepared her for.
"I've been listening to songs that tell stories my whole life," said Chandler, "and that's why my favorite song in the score is 'Love Will Stand When All Else Fails" in act two. My dad was always a fan of the blues and didn't like disco or many of the other musical forms that came along over the years, so I'm right at home with Felicia's music."
Almost two hundred years ago, German composer Ludwig van Beethoven wrote, "Music should strike fire from the heart of man and bring tears from the eyes of woman," but the thrillingly energetic musical "Memphis," directed by Bruce A. Curless now playing at Oaklyn's Ritz Theatre through February 5, shows that music may bring both fire and tears to people of either sex.
The show by David Bryan and Joe DiPietro, which won four Tony Awards including best musical and had a Broadway run of over 1100 performances, tells the love story of Felicia Farrell (played alternately by Vedra Chandler and Tiara Greene) and Huey Calhoun (played by both Matt Reher and Abia Johnson), a character based loosely on the career of a real life DJ named Dewey Phillips, but the progress of their love story is complicated by society's segregationist rules and racial prejudices as well as who they are and how they face the changes that time brings.
Huey, an illiterate stock boy at a department store in Memphis in the 1950's, is driven by his love of music and a need to share his music with others. What he loves best is rock and roll that he's heard at Delray's black bar on Beale Street where he meets and flirts with Felicia, an aspiring singer and the owner's younger sister. To impress her, Huey promises to get Felicia on the radio. His first objective then is to find a DJ job.
Most station managers aren't interested in breaking barriers or hiring newcomers who advocate black music, however enthusiastic they may be, but Mr. Simmons (Glen Funkhouser) agrees to give Huey a trial. When teenagers call in demanding more of Huey's music and an advertiser realizes Huey's overwhelming success at selling his beer, Huey sees his chance to keep his promise to Felicia.
Meanwhile, Delray (Darryl Thompson, Jr.) has saved enough money to cover recording Felicia's first single, but Huey's racially prejudiced mother Gladys (Tasha Waters) breaks the record, and Huey risks all by having Felicia perform live on his station. She becomes an instant hit. Her acceptance could be the first stirrings of musical and racial change, but that won't be easy since both Huey and Felicia face opposition at home, and society never accepts change without struggle.
In Act Two, Huey and Felicia are both enjoying popularity but have given up on their plans to marry. Huey's the host of a teen TV music show featuring all black dancers and a new singer named Bobby (Devon Sinclair) who ignites the crowd with his song called "Big Love," but Huey resists Felicia's suggestion that they go to New Yok where their chances of success are greater. From there, the story continues to illustrate the tradition of true love never running smooth.
This bright, brash musical, which replica Van Cleef & Arpels Clover Necklace white diamond actually began its national tour in Memphis, demanded performers who had both musical and dramatic skills, so casting wasn't easy. Benita Famer who acted as the production's vocal music director participated in the auditions which had a hefty turnout. Musical styles required by Bryan's varied score, which has a best selling original Broadway cast recording on the Rhino label and a London cast version on First Night Records, range from blues, rock, gospel and ballads to girl group pop, and it was Famer's job to be sure that every performer in the cast of over twenty was comfortable whatever musical styles their roles demanded. Creating a solid ensemble sound was her greatest responsibility. As Famer put it, "The sound must be solid because, in this show, the music comes from the heart, and the songs are part of the plot. The show goes forward rather than stops because of each song.
"I teach music and voice, and I'm always on the lookout for opportunities like auditions for my own pupils since many of them are so talented, but the characters in this show are all older than my students who are in grades six to twelve," said Famer, "although some of my kids have actually sung a few of the songs from the score in class or as audition pieces. Numbers like 'Someday,' or 'Colored Woman' are good, solid songs that can show off a singer's ability and deserve a life outside the show."
Famer and most of the cast members in this production, like Vedra Chandler who plays Felicia, are new to the Ritz. Camden born Chandler, who has a degree in government from Harvard University, is no stranger to vibrant musicals and her resume lists shows like "Hairspray," "Aida," "All Shook Up," "High School Musical" and "Cirque du Soleil."
"I saw the show in London's West End when I was with one of the shows I toured with, and although the dancing was amazing and the set gorgeous, there was something missing. This is a very American show, and I can certainly understand why people get excited about beautiful van cleef necklace clover replica it and why it won so many awards like the Tony. Yes, it has its negative aspects like segregation and prejudice, but it's also very much a celebration of possibilities and those even greater possibilities when changes happen," said Chandler who is really enjoying playing Felicia.
"Felicia is a sincere, talented woman who feels safe in her brother's nightclub where her work is appreciated, but, because of her time and place, she realizes that her choices are few. Her brother Delray is really trying his best to get her more career options, but, in the beginning, there's not a lot of polish to her singing although there's a Clover flower van cleef necklace replica great amount of heart," said Chandler who explained that Felicia has difficult career choices to make in the second act that her previous experiences may not have prepared her for.
"I've been listening to songs that tell stories my whole life," said Chandler, "and that's why my favorite song in the score is 'Love Will Stand When All Else Fails" in act two. My dad was always a fan of the blues and didn't like disco or many of the other musical forms that came along over the years, so I'm right at home with Felicia's music."
Pop star Bieber released after drag
[UPDATED] MIAMI BEACH, Fla. A sober looking Justin Bieber was released from jail Thursday following his arrest on charges of driving under the influence, driving with an expired licence and resisting arrest. Police say they stopped the 19 year old pop star while he was drag racing down a Miami Beach street before dawn.
The Stratford, Ont., native was arrested after police said they saw him heading down a residential street in Miami Beach in a yellow Lamborghini at twice the speed limit. Officers say he had an expired licence, was initially not co operative when he was pulled over and smelled of alcohol.
Police say Bieber later admitted that he had been drinking, smoking marijuana and taking prescription medication. R singer Khalil Amir Sharieff was arrested in the same incident. He is charged with driving under the influence. Police said Khalil was driving a Ferrari.
Bieber and Khalil, wearing bright red jail fatigues, made their initial court appearance via a video link from jail. They remained silent while defence attorney Roy Black negotiated bond. Bieber's bond was set at $2,500. Khalil's bond was set at $1,000.
Black, a high profile lawyer whose clients have included Rush Limbaugh and William Kennedy Smith, said he thought the case would proceed "hopefully as any other case would" in light of Bieber's celebrity status. zone.
Earlier Thursday, police chief Ray Martinez said at a news conference that the singer was initially not co operative when the officer pulled him over. Martinez said the singer also had an invalid Georgia driver's licence and admitted to smoking marijuana, taking prescription medication and drinking.
According to the arrest report, Bieber "had slow deliberate movements" and a look of stupor on his face when the officer ordered him to exit his vehicle. Bieber was placed under arrest after repeatedly refusing to put his hands on his vehicle so the officer could pat him down to look for weapons, the report said. It says he cursed several times at the officer and demanded to know why he was being arrested.
Bieber failed a field sobriety test and was taken to the Miami Beach police station for a Breathalyzer, police said. Results haven't been released.
His publicist, Melissa Victor, did not offer an immediate comment.
The street where police say Bieber was racing in mid Miami Beach is a four lane residential street divided by a grass median dotted Hermes Kelly bag replica with palm trees. Along one side of the street are small apartment buildings, and on the other side are a high school, a youth centre, a golf course and a city firehouse.
It's a short drive from the area to trendy South Beach, where celebrities are known to let loose. George Avilas, who lives nearby said he didn't hear anything, but was not surprised to hear that people might be drag racing.
"There's so much partying in Miami Beach, it's been known to happen," he said. "It's 4 o'clock in the morning, everybody is just getting out of the bars."
Bieber was only 15 when his platinum selling debut "My World" was released. He'd placed second in a local singing contest two years earlier and began posting performances on YouTube, according to his official website. The videos caught the attention of a talent agent and eventually led to a recording contract.
He was positioned as clean cut and charming even singing for President Barack Obama and his family at Christmas but problems began to multiply as he got older; Thursday's arrest is just the latest in a series of troubling incidents.
Bieber has been accused of wrongdoing in California, but has never been arrested or charged. He is currently under investigation in a felony vandalism case after a neighbour reported the pop star threw eggs at his house and caused thousands of dollars of damage.
A neighbour had previously accused Bieber of spitting in his face, and a paparazzo called deputies after he said Bieber kicked him, but prosecutors declined to file charges in either instance. He was also accused of reckless driving in his neighbourhood, but in October prosecutors refused to seek charges because it was unclear whether Bieber was driving.
His arrest in Miami is unlikely to affect the current replica hermes birkin handbags investigation, which included nearly a dozen detectives searching Bieber's home last week searching for video surveillance and other evidence that could be used to pursue a vandalism charge.
Bieber is also being sued by a former bodyguard who says the singer repeatedly berated him, hit him in the chest and owes him more than $420,000 in overtime and other wages. The case is scheduled to go to trial in Los Angeles next month.
Under Florida law, people under the age of 21 are considered driving under the influence if they have a blood alcohol content of .02 per cent or more a level Bieber could reach with one drink.
For a first DUI offence, there is no minimum sentence hermes replica and a maximum of six months, a fine of $250 to $500, and 50 hours of community service. For anyone under 21, there is an automatic six month license suspension.
A first conviction for drag racing carries a sentence of up to six months, a fine of $500 to $1,000 and a one year license suspension.
Bieber's arrival in Florida earlier this week also is under investigation.
Police escorts from replica hermes handbags outlet the airport are not uncommon, but they must follow procedure because they involve city vehicles, Chiverton said.
[UPDATED] MIAMI BEACH, Fla. A sober looking Justin Bieber was released from jail Thursday following his arrest on charges of driving under the influence, driving with an expired licence and resisting arrest. Police say they stopped the 19 year old pop star while he was drag racing down a Miami Beach street before dawn.
The Stratford, Ont., native was arrested after police said they saw him heading down a residential street in Miami Beach in a yellow Lamborghini at twice the speed limit. Officers say he had an expired licence, was initially not co operative when he was pulled over and smelled of alcohol.
Police say Bieber later admitted that he had been drinking, smoking marijuana and taking prescription medication. R singer Khalil Amir Sharieff was arrested in the same incident. He is charged with driving under the influence. Police said Khalil was driving a Ferrari.
Bieber and Khalil, wearing bright red jail fatigues, made their initial court appearance via a video link from jail. They remained silent while defence attorney Roy Black negotiated bond. Bieber's bond was set at $2,500. Khalil's bond was set at $1,000.
Black, a high profile lawyer whose clients have included Rush Limbaugh and William Kennedy Smith, said he thought the case would proceed "hopefully as any other case would" in light of Bieber's celebrity status. zone.
Earlier Thursday, police chief Ray Martinez said at a news conference that the singer was initially not co operative when the officer pulled him over. Martinez said the singer also had an invalid Georgia driver's licence and admitted to smoking marijuana, taking prescription medication and drinking.
According to the arrest report, Bieber "had slow deliberate movements" and a look of stupor on his face when the officer ordered him to exit his vehicle. Bieber was placed under arrest after repeatedly refusing to put his hands on his vehicle so the officer could pat him down to look for weapons, the report said. It says he cursed several times at the officer and demanded to know why he was being arrested.
Bieber failed a field sobriety test and was taken to the Miami Beach police station for a Breathalyzer, police said. Results haven't been released.
His publicist, Melissa Victor, did not offer an immediate comment.
The street where police say Bieber was racing in mid Miami Beach is a four lane residential street divided by a grass median dotted Hermes Kelly bag replica with palm trees. Along one side of the street are small apartment buildings, and on the other side are a high school, a youth centre, a golf course and a city firehouse.
It's a short drive from the area to trendy South Beach, where celebrities are known to let loose. George Avilas, who lives nearby said he didn't hear anything, but was not surprised to hear that people might be drag racing.
"There's so much partying in Miami Beach, it's been known to happen," he said. "It's 4 o'clock in the morning, everybody is just getting out of the bars."
Bieber was only 15 when his platinum selling debut "My World" was released. He'd placed second in a local singing contest two years earlier and began posting performances on YouTube, according to his official website. The videos caught the attention of a talent agent and eventually led to a recording contract.
He was positioned as clean cut and charming even singing for President Barack Obama and his family at Christmas but problems began to multiply as he got older; Thursday's arrest is just the latest in a series of troubling incidents.
Bieber has been accused of wrongdoing in California, but has never been arrested or charged. He is currently under investigation in a felony vandalism case after a neighbour reported the pop star threw eggs at his house and caused thousands of dollars of damage.
A neighbour had previously accused Bieber of spitting in his face, and a paparazzo called deputies after he said Bieber kicked him, but prosecutors declined to file charges in either instance. He was also accused of reckless driving in his neighbourhood, but in October prosecutors refused to seek charges because it was unclear whether Bieber was driving.
His arrest in Miami is unlikely to affect the current replica hermes birkin handbags investigation, which included nearly a dozen detectives searching Bieber's home last week searching for video surveillance and other evidence that could be used to pursue a vandalism charge.
Bieber is also being sued by a former bodyguard who says the singer repeatedly berated him, hit him in the chest and owes him more than $420,000 in overtime and other wages. The case is scheduled to go to trial in Los Angeles next month.
Under Florida law, people under the age of 21 are considered driving under the influence if they have a blood alcohol content of .02 per cent or more a level Bieber could reach with one drink.
For a first DUI offence, there is no minimum sentence hermes replica and a maximum of six months, a fine of $250 to $500, and 50 hours of community service. For anyone under 21, there is an automatic six month license suspension.
A first conviction for drag racing carries a sentence of up to six months, a fine of $500 to $1,000 and a one year license suspension.
Bieber's arrival in Florida earlier this week also is under investigation.
Police escorts from replica hermes handbags outlet the airport are not uncommon, but they must follow procedure because they involve city vehicles, Chiverton said.
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My Ongoing Plasma Speaker singing Arc Project
This instructable will show you how to make a simple plasma speaker. A plasma speaker (or singing arc) is a device that generates a high voltage electrical discharge when we modulate to emit audible music. All the sound comes from the arc!The advantages of using an arc to create audio is that it makes it possible (with the correct driving circuitry) to create really high fidelity tweeters. Conventional speakers use directional diaphragms to push and pull air. However, when they need to move back and forth as much as 22 thousand times per second, it can become quite challenging. They have quite a bit of mass and it is difficult to get them to oscillate that fast. This leads to large power consumption, distorted audio, and overall poor performance. The arc generated by this circuit does not rely on moving massive things to create audio, and instead varies the "thickness" and size of the arc, which displaces air. We can similarly control the amount of plasma being generated to control the temperature of the air, therefore controlling the expansion and contraction of said air, and then these oscillations can ripple out and away to your ears as acoustic waves! Also, it is really cool! Why not?? ;)
How It Works:
In the 555 version, we will use the magic of PWM to create audible sparks. An Astable 555 timer circuit is the heart of this design. It makes a high frequency square wave of approximately 48,000 Hz and the pulse width is controlled by the audio source.
We can also accomplish audio replica Van Cleef & Arpels Clover Necklace with flower modulation by injecting an audio signal into the power supply rail, causing the output power of the flyback to change relative to the music! This method is used in the ZVS version flyback driver.
So what is PWM?
Well, imagine it sort of like flipping a light switch "ON" and "OFF". (only 50,000 times a second!) If you leave the switch "ON" longer than you leave it "OFF", the light will be brighter than halfway. and if it is left "OFF" for longer than it is "ON", the light would be dimmer. That's PWM in a nutshell. How we just need a way to control how long each pulse is "ON" in proportion to "OFF" based on the signal from a audio source, and now your light will flicker to the music! Now obviously, we cannot use a physical switch, it is too slow, and it needs to be controlled electronically!
Why 2 versions of this instructable?
Well, it is a really, REALLY long story. My original 555 circuit using cheap MOSFETs never really worked. It worked well enough for me to publish it, but it would always fail. Eventually I gave up on the unreliable circuit and built a much easier ZVS circuit, which did work a LOT more summer replica Van Cleef & Arpels Clover necklace reliably, but the audio modulation was done poorly, by simply injecting an audio signal into the series ballast of the flyback transformer. This worked well enough but I eventually returned to the 555 version, and this time with better transistors, more knowledge of electronics, and a tank capacitor to smooth out reactive power from the coil, I got HUGE performance! For the longest time I had 2 separate copies of the instructable that was the same except one was a copy of the other but only referred to the ZVS circuit. I merged the 2 together into this one long instructable. Sorry for the confusion.
Which driver is better?
This is really a matter of opinion. The ZVS version is very robust, almost never fails, and is very efficient. The arcs produced, however, are relatively short and very hot compared to the input voltage, and likewise the sound is very quiet. You would not be able to hear it in a noise environment. The sound quality though can be very good depending on the amplifier used to modulate the power supply, and the amount of ripple/noise on the beautiful van cleef necklace clover replica power supply.
On the other hand, the 555 can produce much longer arcs, but the since it is only a 555, we cannot achieve a true PWM modulation without also affecting frequency, and the sound quality is comparable to a telephone music, because the frequency of PWM is within audible range. The PWM frequency is comparable to a sampling rate, and a 15KHz sampling rate is really bad. You can of course increase the frequency of the driver, but you will lose performance as it becomes further and further out of resonance with the flyback transformer. It is a tradeoff. This circuit is better for impressing people with long, epic arcs. However, although sound quality is not the best in this driver, it can get a bit louder than the ZVS version and does not put nearly as much stress of the amplifier as the ZVS version!
Step 1: Disclaimers and Dangers!
If you have not messed around with high voltages before, Please don't attempt to make this circuit. These drivers I built are easily capable of delivering 25,000 volts (25 KV) or more depending on the input voltage, at 5 50 mA of current. This output current can cause serious problems such as loss of muscular control, involuntary spasms, heart fibrillation, cardiac arrest, death, and perhaps worst of all, involuntary self urination. You definitely would not want any of that!
Show All ItemsStep 5: 555 Circuit Diagram and Prototyping / Troubleshooting
The circuitry is very simple. it is just your standard astable 555 with an audio input connected to pin 5 as you see in the schematic. The 555 drives a high power MOSFET, which drives a resonant tank circuit and the primary of the flyback. Often, components will burn out, but not always lead to magic smoke. Here is a list of what to check:
Thou Shalt check voltages! Test your power supply output with a multimeter while the circuit is turned ON, and while it is OFF or disconnected. If you do not have one, I recommend you get one, you can find cheap used one's on craigslist and eBay. It is just too easy to exceed the maximum Vgs and Vds ratings. Often, the failure mode is a internal short circuit (and shorted gate.) From my experience, if it dies in this failure mode, it will stress your power supply or batteries, and the MOSFET may then catastrophically fail, possibly exploding! Also, when this fails, the shorted gate will also take the 555 down with it. To test this, replace the flyback transformer with a lamp, and connect gate to +Vcc, and the lamp should light up full brightness. When the gate is grounded, the lamp should go fully out. If not, replace the MOSFET.
One of the most popular circuit for flyback drivers is the ZVS flyback driver. This circuit is essentially a Royer oscillator, that uses two MOSFETS to drive an LC tank circuit (C1 and L1). This circuit relies on resonance rather than the flyback mode of operation. Think of resonance like pushing some fat kid on a swing, and the transistors like 2 huge bullies on either side pushing that poor fatso kid back and forth real hard at just the right time, and as they do so he gains momentum (like the voltage). causing the voltage to rise almost 4 times the input voltage, unloaded!.
This instructable will show you how to make a simple plasma speaker. A plasma speaker (or singing arc) is a device that generates a high voltage electrical discharge when we modulate to emit audible music. All the sound comes from the arc!The advantages of using an arc to create audio is that it makes it possible (with the correct driving circuitry) to create really high fidelity tweeters. Conventional speakers use directional diaphragms to push and pull air. However, when they need to move back and forth as much as 22 thousand times per second, it can become quite challenging. They have quite a bit of mass and it is difficult to get them to oscillate that fast. This leads to large power consumption, distorted audio, and overall poor performance. The arc generated by this circuit does not rely on moving massive things to create audio, and instead varies the "thickness" and size of the arc, which displaces air. We can similarly control the amount of plasma being generated to control the temperature of the air, therefore controlling the expansion and contraction of said air, and then these oscillations can ripple out and away to your ears as acoustic waves! Also, it is really cool! Why not?? ;)
How It Works:
In the 555 version, we will use the magic of PWM to create audible sparks. An Astable 555 timer circuit is the heart of this design. It makes a high frequency square wave of approximately 48,000 Hz and the pulse width is controlled by the audio source.
We can also accomplish audio replica Van Cleef & Arpels Clover Necklace with flower modulation by injecting an audio signal into the power supply rail, causing the output power of the flyback to change relative to the music! This method is used in the ZVS version flyback driver.
So what is PWM?
Well, imagine it sort of like flipping a light switch "ON" and "OFF". (only 50,000 times a second!) If you leave the switch "ON" longer than you leave it "OFF", the light will be brighter than halfway. and if it is left "OFF" for longer than it is "ON", the light would be dimmer. That's PWM in a nutshell. How we just need a way to control how long each pulse is "ON" in proportion to "OFF" based on the signal from a audio source, and now your light will flicker to the music! Now obviously, we cannot use a physical switch, it is too slow, and it needs to be controlled electronically!
Why 2 versions of this instructable?
Well, it is a really, REALLY long story. My original 555 circuit using cheap MOSFETs never really worked. It worked well enough for me to publish it, but it would always fail. Eventually I gave up on the unreliable circuit and built a much easier ZVS circuit, which did work a LOT more summer replica Van Cleef & Arpels Clover necklace reliably, but the audio modulation was done poorly, by simply injecting an audio signal into the series ballast of the flyback transformer. This worked well enough but I eventually returned to the 555 version, and this time with better transistors, more knowledge of electronics, and a tank capacitor to smooth out reactive power from the coil, I got HUGE performance! For the longest time I had 2 separate copies of the instructable that was the same except one was a copy of the other but only referred to the ZVS circuit. I merged the 2 together into this one long instructable. Sorry for the confusion.
Which driver is better?
This is really a matter of opinion. The ZVS version is very robust, almost never fails, and is very efficient. The arcs produced, however, are relatively short and very hot compared to the input voltage, and likewise the sound is very quiet. You would not be able to hear it in a noise environment. The sound quality though can be very good depending on the amplifier used to modulate the power supply, and the amount of ripple/noise on the beautiful van cleef necklace clover replica power supply.
On the other hand, the 555 can produce much longer arcs, but the since it is only a 555, we cannot achieve a true PWM modulation without also affecting frequency, and the sound quality is comparable to a telephone music, because the frequency of PWM is within audible range. The PWM frequency is comparable to a sampling rate, and a 15KHz sampling rate is really bad. You can of course increase the frequency of the driver, but you will lose performance as it becomes further and further out of resonance with the flyback transformer. It is a tradeoff. This circuit is better for impressing people with long, epic arcs. However, although sound quality is not the best in this driver, it can get a bit louder than the ZVS version and does not put nearly as much stress of the amplifier as the ZVS version!
Step 1: Disclaimers and Dangers!
If you have not messed around with high voltages before, Please don't attempt to make this circuit. These drivers I built are easily capable of delivering 25,000 volts (25 KV) or more depending on the input voltage, at 5 50 mA of current. This output current can cause serious problems such as loss of muscular control, involuntary spasms, heart fibrillation, cardiac arrest, death, and perhaps worst of all, involuntary self urination. You definitely would not want any of that!
Show All ItemsStep 5: 555 Circuit Diagram and Prototyping / Troubleshooting
The circuitry is very simple. it is just your standard astable 555 with an audio input connected to pin 5 as you see in the schematic. The 555 drives a high power MOSFET, which drives a resonant tank circuit and the primary of the flyback. Often, components will burn out, but not always lead to magic smoke. Here is a list of what to check:
Thou Shalt check voltages! Test your power supply output with a multimeter while the circuit is turned ON, and while it is OFF or disconnected. If you do not have one, I recommend you get one, you can find cheap used one's on craigslist and eBay. It is just too easy to exceed the maximum Vgs and Vds ratings. Often, the failure mode is a internal short circuit (and shorted gate.) From my experience, if it dies in this failure mode, it will stress your power supply or batteries, and the MOSFET may then catastrophically fail, possibly exploding! Also, when this fails, the shorted gate will also take the 555 down with it. To test this, replace the flyback transformer with a lamp, and connect gate to +Vcc, and the lamp should light up full brightness. When the gate is grounded, the lamp should go fully out. If not, replace the MOSFET.
One of the most popular circuit for flyback drivers is the ZVS flyback driver. This circuit is essentially a Royer oscillator, that uses two MOSFETS to drive an LC tank circuit (C1 and L1). This circuit relies on resonance rather than the flyback mode of operation. Think of resonance like pushing some fat kid on a swing, and the transistors like 2 huge bullies on either side pushing that poor fatso kid back and forth real hard at just the right time, and as they do so he gains momentum (like the voltage). causing the voltage to rise almost 4 times the input voltage, unloaded!.
Podcasts are the new Xanax
I'm not an early adopter. I'll only start wearing new styles of clothing once they're practically out of date, and I won't move into a neighborhood until it's fully saturated with upscale coffee shops. I was the last person I know to download music and to stop paying for long distance phone calls.
Podcasts were different. I took to them instantly, or at least as soon as I noticed them on my computer. Before long, listening to podcasts was almost medicinal.
This was partly because I'm an expatriate an American living in Paris. I didn't just miss specific people back home, I missed knowing what Americans were doing, thinking, and talking about. After more than a dozen years away, my cultural references were dated, and I often spoke in turn of the century slang.
Movies and TV shows were little help. Most were heavily produced, and usually arrived in France after a lag. But podcasts downloaded everywhere simultaneously. And many were essentially just long, unedited conversations. I could take a bath in Paris while listening to someone in Los Angeles complain about her dating life. Podcasts immersed me in colloquial English and put me back in the American zeitgeist.
At first, this seemed like a virtuous habit. Unlike the time sink of binge watching a TV series, podcasts actually made me more efficient. Practically every dull activity folding laundry, applying makeup became tolerable when I did it while listening to a country singer describing his hardscrabble childhood, or a novelist defending her open marriage.
Sure, most of my conversations soon consisted of small facts that I'd heard on a previous day's podcast. But my fake hermes kelly bagd obsession was educational. I was learning American history by listening toPresidential, which devoted an episode to each president.
And as a mother of three with a full time job, podcasts gave me the illusion of having a vibrant social life. I was constantly "meeting" new people. My favorite hosts started to seem like friends: I could detect small shifts in their moods, and tell when they were flirting with guests.
I could take a bath in Paris how much is a hermes handbag while listening to someone in Los Angeles complain about her dating life.
Unlike actual friendships, which were tingedwith jealousy and resentment, these were stress free. A good podcast conversation was like a dinner party full of fascinating people, but without the risk of saying something stupid and embarrassing myself.
I soon realized that my real life friends were listening to podcasts too. "Terry sounds a little bored. I think she's not an animal person," one emailed me recently, while listening toFresh Airhost Terry Gross interview a wildlife photographer. (Gross perked up once the photographer described how being away at photo shoots affected his marriage.)
Last summer, I discovered the most important advantage of podcasts over people: You can doze off in the middle of a podcast conversation without offending anyone.
The first time this happened, I was listening to aTED Radio Hourpodcast about the nature of time, and woke up eight hours later. I'd taken sleeping pills on and off since entering my 40s. But once I started listening to podcasts before bed, I didn't need the pills anymore.
A good podcast conversation was like a dinner party full of fascinating people, but without the risk of saying something stupid and embarrassing myself.
My challenge was finding the Hermes Kelly bag replica right before bed podcast. It couldn't have jarring theme music. And it had to be intelligent enough to lift me out of my own thoughts and worries, but not so gripping that it would keep me awake.
I couldn't fall asleep to podcasts that made me anxious about my social status or had a party you're not invited to vibe.
The ideal podcast was the adult equivalent of a bedtime story: older people with calm voices, discussing a topic that mildly interested me. Think David Axelrod interviewing Madeleine Albright about her career, or a B list comedian explaining how she overcame her cocaine addiction. When I found a podcast that worked, I'd listen to it night after night, until I practically knew it by heart. election, when I switched to a roster of political podcasts. I was so anxious about the election, hearing people analyze the news was the only thing that calmed me down.
Like all addictions, podcasts helped until they didn't. I was barely interacting with my husband. And I realized that I'd panic a little when I couldn't find my favorite headphones, or when it was just me alone, without any voices in my head. Podcasts still lulled me to sleep, but I'd be awake again five hours later, needing to hear another one.
And there was something vampiric about devouring a person's whole life in an 80 minute podcast interview, then moving on to someone else. Increasingly, I retained little of what I heard. I'd spend a gripping half hour learning about the presidency of Martin Van Buren, but the next day I couldn't tell you anything about him.
Soon after the election, I decided to go cold turkey, at least at night. I switched from podcasts to melatonin. My life felt eerily silent at first, and I had some sleepless nights. Eventually I found that it was enough to insert the earphones, plugged into nothing, before going to sleep. It was the equivalent of carrying around a pack of cigarettes without smoking them.
Still, my birthday is coming up, replica hermes handbags outlet and I'm planning to give myself a special bedtime treat: a sleeping pillanda 40 minute podcast. Just this once, it can't hurt.
I'm not an early adopter. I'll only start wearing new styles of clothing once they're practically out of date, and I won't move into a neighborhood until it's fully saturated with upscale coffee shops. I was the last person I know to download music and to stop paying for long distance phone calls.
Podcasts were different. I took to them instantly, or at least as soon as I noticed them on my computer. Before long, listening to podcasts was almost medicinal.
This was partly because I'm an expatriate an American living in Paris. I didn't just miss specific people back home, I missed knowing what Americans were doing, thinking, and talking about. After more than a dozen years away, my cultural references were dated, and I often spoke in turn of the century slang.
Movies and TV shows were little help. Most were heavily produced, and usually arrived in France after a lag. But podcasts downloaded everywhere simultaneously. And many were essentially just long, unedited conversations. I could take a bath in Paris while listening to someone in Los Angeles complain about her dating life. Podcasts immersed me in colloquial English and put me back in the American zeitgeist.
At first, this seemed like a virtuous habit. Unlike the time sink of binge watching a TV series, podcasts actually made me more efficient. Practically every dull activity folding laundry, applying makeup became tolerable when I did it while listening to a country singer describing his hardscrabble childhood, or a novelist defending her open marriage.
Sure, most of my conversations soon consisted of small facts that I'd heard on a previous day's podcast. But my fake hermes kelly bagd obsession was educational. I was learning American history by listening toPresidential, which devoted an episode to each president.
And as a mother of three with a full time job, podcasts gave me the illusion of having a vibrant social life. I was constantly "meeting" new people. My favorite hosts started to seem like friends: I could detect small shifts in their moods, and tell when they were flirting with guests.
I could take a bath in Paris how much is a hermes handbag while listening to someone in Los Angeles complain about her dating life.
Unlike actual friendships, which were tingedwith jealousy and resentment, these were stress free. A good podcast conversation was like a dinner party full of fascinating people, but without the risk of saying something stupid and embarrassing myself.
I soon realized that my real life friends were listening to podcasts too. "Terry sounds a little bored. I think she's not an animal person," one emailed me recently, while listening toFresh Airhost Terry Gross interview a wildlife photographer. (Gross perked up once the photographer described how being away at photo shoots affected his marriage.)
Last summer, I discovered the most important advantage of podcasts over people: You can doze off in the middle of a podcast conversation without offending anyone.
The first time this happened, I was listening to aTED Radio Hourpodcast about the nature of time, and woke up eight hours later. I'd taken sleeping pills on and off since entering my 40s. But once I started listening to podcasts before bed, I didn't need the pills anymore.
A good podcast conversation was like a dinner party full of fascinating people, but without the risk of saying something stupid and embarrassing myself.
My challenge was finding the Hermes Kelly bag replica right before bed podcast. It couldn't have jarring theme music. And it had to be intelligent enough to lift me out of my own thoughts and worries, but not so gripping that it would keep me awake.
I couldn't fall asleep to podcasts that made me anxious about my social status or had a party you're not invited to vibe.
The ideal podcast was the adult equivalent of a bedtime story: older people with calm voices, discussing a topic that mildly interested me. Think David Axelrod interviewing Madeleine Albright about her career, or a B list comedian explaining how she overcame her cocaine addiction. When I found a podcast that worked, I'd listen to it night after night, until I practically knew it by heart. election, when I switched to a roster of political podcasts. I was so anxious about the election, hearing people analyze the news was the only thing that calmed me down.
Like all addictions, podcasts helped until they didn't. I was barely interacting with my husband. And I realized that I'd panic a little when I couldn't find my favorite headphones, or when it was just me alone, without any voices in my head. Podcasts still lulled me to sleep, but I'd be awake again five hours later, needing to hear another one.
And there was something vampiric about devouring a person's whole life in an 80 minute podcast interview, then moving on to someone else. Increasingly, I retained little of what I heard. I'd spend a gripping half hour learning about the presidency of Martin Van Buren, but the next day I couldn't tell you anything about him.
Soon after the election, I decided to go cold turkey, at least at night. I switched from podcasts to melatonin. My life felt eerily silent at first, and I had some sleepless nights. Eventually I found that it was enough to insert the earphones, plugged into nothing, before going to sleep. It was the equivalent of carrying around a pack of cigarettes without smoking them.
Still, my birthday is coming up, replica hermes handbags outlet and I'm planning to give myself a special bedtime treat: a sleeping pillanda 40 minute podcast. Just this once, it can't hurt.
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Long, Jack D. 6/7/1955 10/15/2014 cartier yellow gold love bracelet replica Callaway, FL van cleef & arpels clover necklace replica Long, Jack D of Callaway, FL and Ozark, AL formerly of Flint, MI, age 59, made his transition to the next life October 15, 2014 at his residence. Honoring his wishes, cremation has taken place. Jack was born June 7th, 1955 in Flint, MI to the late Edward B. Long and Mary Lorraine (Bonno) Long. Jack was a master mechanic and a real 'car guy', he loved anything that had to do with cars of the 'Motor City'. Jack was a generous and helpful person who never knew a stranger. Jack is survived by his wife of 37 years Donna (Morris) Long and his 'pet children' Britnee, Angel, and Misty, brothers and sisters Kay (Ed) Daniel, Edward (Diana) Long, Jr, Janet Brant, Suzie Long, Thomas (John Cartier) Long, lots lots of nieces, nephews, and friends. Jack was preceded in death by his fake Cartier bracelet father, mother, brother John Elford, sister in law Christa Elford, father in law cartier cheap bracelet replica Keith Morris. A memorial service to honor Jack's life will take place in Michigan at a later date. If desired, donations can be made to the animal rescue.
Plenty of scope to improve bilateral trade
INDIA and France have enjoyed a strong diplomatic relationship and this is increasingly being replicated on the economic front. The last decade, in fact, has seen France emerge as an important trade and investment partner of India. The two sides have undertaken several initiatives to increase bilateral trade and investment and improve cooperation in several important areas such as IT/telecommunications, energy, mining, and agriculture/food processing among other sectors.
According to the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), France is India's fifth largest trading partner in the European Union and accounts for 2.05 per cent of India's export basket. France's share in India's imports was 1.3 per cent in 2004 05.
Bilateral trade between the two countries has risen steadily over the past few years. While in 1998 99 bilateral trade stood at $1,549.3 million, the figure rose to $2,989.81 million in 2004 05, a growth 11.58 per cent over the six year period.
Boost to two way trade:
On the occasion of the French President's replica yellow gold cartier love bracelet official visit to India, industry chamber Assocham has released a paper stating that the visit would provide a big boost in accelerating two way trade love cartier bracelet replica between India and France which is expected to exceed 10 billion euros by 2010 from its current level of 3.6 billion euros. The paper, called India France Economic Partnership', further states that currently Indo fake Cartier bracelet French trade was only 0.51 per cent of France's total trade of 800 billion euros and there are a number of areas where potential for boosting trade exists.
A disaggregated analysis of exports and imports by CII indicates that both Indian imports from France and Indian exports to France have increased over time. Indian imports from France were $719.6 million in 1998 99 that rose to $1,380.7 million in 2004 05 while Indian exports to France increased from $829.7 million in 1998 99 to $1,609.11 million in 2004 05.
According to CII, India needs to increase its presence in France through the investment route specifically in areas that are of interest in France. There are already several Indian firms present in France but there is a strong need to diversify into other sectors and also improve the presence in the existing sectors. Further, to enable Indian businesses to set up operations in France, the Invest in France Agency opened its India office last year.
Meanwhile an analysis of the foreign collaborations and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) approved by the Indian Government between August 1991 to March 2005 shows that the Government has approved 885 foreign collaboration (technical financial) proposals with French companies, with an equity participation of $1,740 million representing 2.57 per cent of the total investment.
Many French companies have already gained a foothold in the Indian IT market. In the telecom sector, France has a strong representation through investments made by French majors Alcatel and France Telecom through a partnership with BPL Mobile.
France also is expanding its presence in the luxury and fashion segments in India with a number of high end French brands such as Baccarat, Chanel, Cartier, and Louis Vuitton now available in the country. In addition, many French wine making firms have collaborated with Indian partners to provide technological know how in setting up in vineyards and wineries.
India's airline industry too is a sizeable customer base for French aircrafts, having placed orders worth 13 billion euros recently.
French companies also have a presence in the Indian automotive segment. For instance the Valeo Group of France has a presence in India through a joint venture with the Anand Group called Valeo Friction Materials India Limited (VFMI) of India. VFMI is manufacturing clutch friction facings to cater to the needs of passenger cars, utility vehicles, commercial vehicles, tractors and three heeler segments.
There is however much greater potential for building linkages between India and France in several areas such as agriculture and food processing, IT, fashion, infrastructure, defence and audiovisual media. But, according to CII for this to happen, there is a need for setting targets and increasing the interaction between the two sides over the next two to three years. The target to begin with could be to achieve a 25 per cent growth in bilateral trade over the next three to five years and of at fake cartier love bracelet least 10 billion euros investment annually over the next five years in select areas.Features copy cartier of diamonds ring stainless steel You deserve it Let's go comprehend in concern of it in detail
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INDIA and France have enjoyed a strong diplomatic relationship and this is increasingly being replicated on the economic front. The last decade, in fact, has seen France emerge as an important trade and investment partner of India. The two sides have undertaken several initiatives to increase bilateral trade and investment and improve cooperation in several important areas such as IT/telecommunications, energy, mining, and agriculture/food processing among other sectors.
According to the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), France is India's fifth largest trading partner in the European Union and accounts for 2.05 per cent of India's export basket. France's share in India's imports was 1.3 per cent in 2004 05.
Bilateral trade between the two countries has risen steadily over the past few years. While in 1998 99 bilateral trade stood at $1,549.3 million, the figure rose to $2,989.81 million in 2004 05, a growth 11.58 per cent over the six year period.
Boost to two way trade:
On the occasion of the French President's replica yellow gold cartier love bracelet official visit to India, industry chamber Assocham has released a paper stating that the visit would provide a big boost in accelerating two way trade love cartier bracelet replica between India and France which is expected to exceed 10 billion euros by 2010 from its current level of 3.6 billion euros. The paper, called India France Economic Partnership', further states that currently Indo fake Cartier bracelet French trade was only 0.51 per cent of France's total trade of 800 billion euros and there are a number of areas where potential for boosting trade exists.
A disaggregated analysis of exports and imports by CII indicates that both Indian imports from France and Indian exports to France have increased over time. Indian imports from France were $719.6 million in 1998 99 that rose to $1,380.7 million in 2004 05 while Indian exports to France increased from $829.7 million in 1998 99 to $1,609.11 million in 2004 05.
According to CII, India needs to increase its presence in France through the investment route specifically in areas that are of interest in France. There are already several Indian firms present in France but there is a strong need to diversify into other sectors and also improve the presence in the existing sectors. Further, to enable Indian businesses to set up operations in France, the Invest in France Agency opened its India office last year.
Meanwhile an analysis of the foreign collaborations and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) approved by the Indian Government between August 1991 to March 2005 shows that the Government has approved 885 foreign collaboration (technical financial) proposals with French companies, with an equity participation of $1,740 million representing 2.57 per cent of the total investment.
Many French companies have already gained a foothold in the Indian IT market. In the telecom sector, France has a strong representation through investments made by French majors Alcatel and France Telecom through a partnership with BPL Mobile.
France also is expanding its presence in the luxury and fashion segments in India with a number of high end French brands such as Baccarat, Chanel, Cartier, and Louis Vuitton now available in the country. In addition, many French wine making firms have collaborated with Indian partners to provide technological know how in setting up in vineyards and wineries.
India's airline industry too is a sizeable customer base for French aircrafts, having placed orders worth 13 billion euros recently.
French companies also have a presence in the Indian automotive segment. For instance the Valeo Group of France has a presence in India through a joint venture with the Anand Group called Valeo Friction Materials India Limited (VFMI) of India. VFMI is manufacturing clutch friction facings to cater to the needs of passenger cars, utility vehicles, commercial vehicles, tractors and three heeler segments.
There is however much greater potential for building linkages between India and France in several areas such as agriculture and food processing, IT, fashion, infrastructure, defence and audiovisual media. But, according to CII for this to happen, there is a need for setting targets and increasing the interaction between the two sides over the next two to three years. The target to begin with could be to achieve a 25 per cent growth in bilateral trade over the next three to five years and of at fake cartier love bracelet least 10 billion euros investment annually over the next five years in select areas.
What does COWRIE stand for
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Each knew that in the heart of the others was sufficient treachery to make it unsafe for any member of the party to go ashore leaving the others in possession of the Cowrie, so not more than replica cartier love bracelet pink gold two or three men at a time were ever permitted aboard the vessel unless all the balance of the company was there too.
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Team player Oniya dead after collapsing on field
PETALING JAYA: T Team skipper David Faramola Oniya of Nigeria has died after collapsing on the cartier replica ring field during a friendly against Super League side Kelantan at the Sultan Mohd IV Stadium in Kota Baru on Saturday.
Club chief executive officer Syahrizan Mohd Zain said that the T Team centreback collapsed barely three minutes into the game cartier ring replica online and was taken to the Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II (HRPZ II) nearby.
He said that the 30 year old Oniya, who was playing in his first season with the Premier League outfit, had barely touched the ball and they were surprised to see him lying on the ground.
was no hard running and it cartier love replica ring pink gold was a slow tempo match. It only a friendly game. The match was called off in the 60th minute when we received a call from the hospital that Oniya had died, said Syahrizan.
Kelantan FA manager Azman Ibrahim said they will assist their counterparts in making the necessary arrangements to send Oniya remains home.
In March, a 17 year old student died from bleeding in the brain after he collapsed following a football training session in his school in Banting. The teenager complained of headache during the training and asked to be replaced. The boy collapsed as he was walking to the side of the field.
PETALING JAYA: T Team skipper David Faramola Oniya of Nigeria has died after collapsing on the cartier replica ring field during a friendly against Super League side Kelantan at the Sultan Mohd IV Stadium in Kota Baru on Saturday.
Club chief executive officer Syahrizan Mohd Zain said that the T Team centreback collapsed barely three minutes into the game cartier ring replica online and was taken to the Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II (HRPZ II) nearby.
He said that the 30 year old Oniya, who was playing in his first season with the Premier League outfit, had barely touched the ball and they were surprised to see him lying on the ground.
was no hard running and it cartier love replica ring pink gold was a slow tempo match. It only a friendly game. The match was called off in the 60th minute when we received a call from the hospital that Oniya had died, said Syahrizan.
Kelantan FA manager Azman Ibrahim said they will assist their counterparts in making the necessary arrangements to send Oniya remains home.
In March, a 17 year old student died from bleeding in the brain after he collapsed following a football training session in his school in Banting. The teenager complained of headache during the training and asked to be replaced. The boy collapsed as he was walking to the side of the field.
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Jodi Picoult and daughter Samantha van Leer on new novel
Jodi Picoult is teaming up with daughter Samantha van Leer once again for a new young van cleef and arpels necklace knock off adult novel called "Off the Page." The fake van cleef and arpel necklace mother and daughter duo explained how they worked together on the project on "CBS This Morning" Thursday.
Van Leer first had the idea for the novel when she was 13 years old, daydreaming in a French class.
"I was starting to think about books and what happens when we close a book, because I just couldn't believe that the characters stay frozen in time and waiting for us to return to breathe the life back into them," van Leer said. "When she told me I thought, my daughter is just brilliant," Picoult said.
Picoult and van Leer worked together to write the book. "We sat side by side and would speak the entire book outloud," van Leer said.
Back and forth, countering each other Van Cleef necklace white gold fake with ideas, they wrote every line together. "There were moments when we were both stumbling over each other to get out this brilliant idea we had, and then we'd realize we were saying the exact same thing," van Leer said.
But, as can be expected, working together could be challenging and occasionally tense. "She would really challenge me," Picoult said. "And I think I challenged her, too."
While Picoult knows she has more experience, but she had to respect the strong instincts of her daughter. She calls the novel tighter and more emotional than their first collaboration.
Jodi Picoult is teaming up with daughter Samantha van Leer once again for a new young van cleef and arpels necklace knock off adult novel called "Off the Page." The fake van cleef and arpel necklace mother and daughter duo explained how they worked together on the project on "CBS This Morning" Thursday.
Van Leer first had the idea for the novel when she was 13 years old, daydreaming in a French class.
"I was starting to think about books and what happens when we close a book, because I just couldn't believe that the characters stay frozen in time and waiting for us to return to breathe the life back into them," van Leer said. "When she told me I thought, my daughter is just brilliant," Picoult said.
Picoult and van Leer worked together to write the book. "We sat side by side and would speak the entire book outloud," van Leer said.
Back and forth, countering each other Van Cleef necklace white gold fake with ideas, they wrote every line together. "There were moments when we were both stumbling over each other to get out this brilliant idea we had, and then we'd realize we were saying the exact same thing," van Leer said.
But, as can be expected, working together could be challenging and occasionally tense. "She would really challenge me," Picoult said. "And I think I challenged her, too."
While Picoult knows she has more experience, but she had to respect the strong instincts of her daughter. She calls the novel tighter and more emotional than their first collaboration.
patient communication about imminent death
Results: "False optimism about recovery" usually developed during the (first) course of chemotherapy and was most prevalent when the cancer could no longer be seen in the x ray pictures. This optimism tended to vanish when the tumour recurred, but it could develop again, though to a lesser extent, during further courses of chemotherapy. Patients gradually found out the facts about their poor prognosis, partly because of physical deterioration and partly through contact with fellow patients who were in a more advanced stage of the illness and were dying. "False optimism about recovery" was the result an association between doctors' activism and patients' adherence to the treatment calendar and to the "recovery plot," which allowed them not to acknowledge explicitly what they should and could know. The doctor did and did not want to pronounce a "death sentence" and the patient did and did not want to hear it.
Conclusion: Solutions to the problem of collusion between doctor and patient require an active, patient oriented approach from the doctor. Perhaps solutions have to be found outside the doctor patient relationship itself for example, by involving "treatment brokers."
See also Education and debate p 1400Almost all patients with cancer want to know their diagnosis and most patients also want to be informed about the chance that they will be cured.1 This does not imply that these patients want to hear the really bad news about their condition. Many patients, when they fear that their prognosis is rather poor, do not ask for precise information and do not hear it if it is provided by the doctor. 2 3 Our study started from the observation that, after their first course of chemotherapy virtually all patients with small cell lung cancer in a university hospital programme showed a "false optimism" about their recovery, in the sense that the patients' interpretations of their prognosis were considerably more optimistic than those of their doctors. It was not unusual for a patient to tell relatives and friends that the doctor had informed them that they were cured, when actually the cancer was not cured and the life expectancy of these patients was a maximum of two years.
We explored the reasons why virtually all these patients showed this false optimism. This topic is important because patients' ideas about their prognosis affect the choices they make regarding their treatment and end of life care. 4 5 Initially we assumed that features of the communication between doctors (and nurses) and patients had caused this conflict between actual prognosis and what these patients seemed to believe. We examined which aspects of communication between doctors (and nurses) and patients contribute to the fact that patients do not know their poor prognosis. We studied in actual practice what information was given and what information was received and the effects on decision making about treatment and end of life care.6The researcher (AT) initially carried out a study on the role of nurses in decisions concerning euthanasia on a ward for lung disease.7 Only the final phase of euthanasia could be observed, however, because the preparatory process had usually taken place in the outpatient clinic. To determine the handbag Hermes copy moment when patients begin to talk about euthanasia and to investigate comprehensively the subsequent process we also had to make observations in the outpatient clinic. During observations in the clinic it became apparent that patients there rarely dealt with their approaching death. In the waiting room, terminal patients with a maximum life expectancy of a few months said that the doctor had told them that they were cured. They were making plans for the future. In this way, by spending much time observing at the clinic and by focusing on the context of euthanasia, AT discovered the widespread occurrence, familiar to doctors and nurses, of false optimism about recovery. She also discovered that those concerned in the treatment of these patients in daily medical practice considered this false optimism to be a more important problem than euthanasia.
We designed a qualitative observational (ethnographic) study to discover and explore factors in the communication between patients and staff (doctors and nurses) that contribute to false optimism. 8 9 Data were collected through (full time) observation of patients in the lung diseases ward and clinic of a university hospital. After obtaining consent from patients, AT attended their outpatient clinic consultations, had informal conversations with patients and relatives in the clinic waiting room, accompanied them to x ray and other hospital services, and also conducted more formal interviews with patients and staff. On many occasions patients were visited at home, particularly in the terminal phase of their illness when they had stopped attending the outpatient clinic. Funerals were attended and a small number of bereaved spouses interviewed.
In a first stage (1992 4) the researcher (AT) observed a group of 17 patients from initial diagnosis to their death. The size of the sample was based on AT's experience that it was not possible to keep intensive contact with more than about 15 patients and their families. After an initial analysis of the data collected in this first copy handbag Hermes stage, in a second stage (1995 7) a group of 18 patients was observed from initial diagnosis to their death. Data from this second group of copy Hermes Kelly handbag patients confirmed and specified findings from the first group.
From the start of both stages of data collection all new patients with a diagnosis of small cell lung cancer were asked to participate and to give their informed consent. The procedure was approved by the ethics committee. Only two eligible patients were not approached because they avoided any contact with the researcher (AT) from the outset. All approached patients gave their consent to be observed and interviewed and agreed to publication of anonymised extracts of observations and conversations in which they participated. Selection bias cannot be excluded but is unlikely. Participants' ages ranged from 45 to 70 years, and most Hermes handbag fake (28) were men. Most of them were or had been heavy smokers, had attained a relatively low level of education, and had been employed in heavy physical work. All patients had received a first course of chemotherapy. Most of them received further courses after recurrence of the tumour. Radiotherapy was given only as a second or third line treatment in 13 cases, sometimes in combination with chemotherapy.
Box 1 : Bad news consultation
Mr G and his wife come to see the consultant for the results.
"We talked on Monday after the bronchoscopy," says the consultant, "and I told you then that I was almost certain that there is a tumour in your lungs. That's how it looked. And, unfortunately, I must tell you that the lab tests have shown that it is cancer."
The consultant pauses, with a serious expression on his face.
Mr G closes his eyes. "How long have I got, doctor?"
"The type of lung cancer you have is very aggressive. It grows very fast. On the other hand and that's an advantage if I may say so this type of cancer is very sensitive to chemotherapy. It can certainly be treated. We can offer you treatment with chemotherapy, and I would definitely advise you to accept it. If we don't do anything, without treatment it could soon be over. In two or three months it could be the end. With therapy you must think in terms of years. It's difficult to say at this moment how long. It depends on so many things, for instance, how you respond to the therapy. We must wait and see how it develops before I can say anything definite."
After a short pause, the consultant continues, "At this moment we don't know whether it has spread. That must be investigated. But I can tell you that malignant cells have been found in the lymph glands. However, whether it has spread or not makes no difference to treatment. The advantage of chemotherapy is that it goes through the whole body."
"I want to try everything," interrupts Mr G, "Everything. I cannot leave her behind." He looks at his wife.
"We'll fight it together," says the consultant encouragingly, "However, I must tell you a few things about the treatment. Chemotherapy has side effects. Your hair will fall out. You might feel sick. But we can give you something for that. The therapy also affects your blood, and before we can give you any new treatment your blood must be healthy again. Treatment will be given in five sessions. Each time you will have chemotherapy."
Results: "False optimism about recovery" usually developed during the (first) course of chemotherapy and was most prevalent when the cancer could no longer be seen in the x ray pictures. This optimism tended to vanish when the tumour recurred, but it could develop again, though to a lesser extent, during further courses of chemotherapy. Patients gradually found out the facts about their poor prognosis, partly because of physical deterioration and partly through contact with fellow patients who were in a more advanced stage of the illness and were dying. "False optimism about recovery" was the result an association between doctors' activism and patients' adherence to the treatment calendar and to the "recovery plot," which allowed them not to acknowledge explicitly what they should and could know. The doctor did and did not want to pronounce a "death sentence" and the patient did and did not want to hear it.
Conclusion: Solutions to the problem of collusion between doctor and patient require an active, patient oriented approach from the doctor. Perhaps solutions have to be found outside the doctor patient relationship itself for example, by involving "treatment brokers."
See also Education and debate p 1400Almost all patients with cancer want to know their diagnosis and most patients also want to be informed about the chance that they will be cured.1 This does not imply that these patients want to hear the really bad news about their condition. Many patients, when they fear that their prognosis is rather poor, do not ask for precise information and do not hear it if it is provided by the doctor. 2 3 Our study started from the observation that, after their first course of chemotherapy virtually all patients with small cell lung cancer in a university hospital programme showed a "false optimism" about their recovery, in the sense that the patients' interpretations of their prognosis were considerably more optimistic than those of their doctors. It was not unusual for a patient to tell relatives and friends that the doctor had informed them that they were cured, when actually the cancer was not cured and the life expectancy of these patients was a maximum of two years.
We explored the reasons why virtually all these patients showed this false optimism. This topic is important because patients' ideas about their prognosis affect the choices they make regarding their treatment and end of life care. 4 5 Initially we assumed that features of the communication between doctors (and nurses) and patients had caused this conflict between actual prognosis and what these patients seemed to believe. We examined which aspects of communication between doctors (and nurses) and patients contribute to the fact that patients do not know their poor prognosis. We studied in actual practice what information was given and what information was received and the effects on decision making about treatment and end of life care.6The researcher (AT) initially carried out a study on the role of nurses in decisions concerning euthanasia on a ward for lung disease.7 Only the final phase of euthanasia could be observed, however, because the preparatory process had usually taken place in the outpatient clinic. To determine the handbag Hermes copy moment when patients begin to talk about euthanasia and to investigate comprehensively the subsequent process we also had to make observations in the outpatient clinic. During observations in the clinic it became apparent that patients there rarely dealt with their approaching death. In the waiting room, terminal patients with a maximum life expectancy of a few months said that the doctor had told them that they were cured. They were making plans for the future. In this way, by spending much time observing at the clinic and by focusing on the context of euthanasia, AT discovered the widespread occurrence, familiar to doctors and nurses, of false optimism about recovery. She also discovered that those concerned in the treatment of these patients in daily medical practice considered this false optimism to be a more important problem than euthanasia.
We designed a qualitative observational (ethnographic) study to discover and explore factors in the communication between patients and staff (doctors and nurses) that contribute to false optimism. 8 9 Data were collected through (full time) observation of patients in the lung diseases ward and clinic of a university hospital. After obtaining consent from patients, AT attended their outpatient clinic consultations, had informal conversations with patients and relatives in the clinic waiting room, accompanied them to x ray and other hospital services, and also conducted more formal interviews with patients and staff. On many occasions patients were visited at home, particularly in the terminal phase of their illness when they had stopped attending the outpatient clinic. Funerals were attended and a small number of bereaved spouses interviewed.
In a first stage (1992 4) the researcher (AT) observed a group of 17 patients from initial diagnosis to their death. The size of the sample was based on AT's experience that it was not possible to keep intensive contact with more than about 15 patients and their families. After an initial analysis of the data collected in this first copy handbag Hermes stage, in a second stage (1995 7) a group of 18 patients was observed from initial diagnosis to their death. Data from this second group of copy Hermes Kelly handbag patients confirmed and specified findings from the first group.
From the start of both stages of data collection all new patients with a diagnosis of small cell lung cancer were asked to participate and to give their informed consent. The procedure was approved by the ethics committee. Only two eligible patients were not approached because they avoided any contact with the researcher (AT) from the outset. All approached patients gave their consent to be observed and interviewed and agreed to publication of anonymised extracts of observations and conversations in which they participated. Selection bias cannot be excluded but is unlikely. Participants' ages ranged from 45 to 70 years, and most Hermes handbag fake (28) were men. Most of them were or had been heavy smokers, had attained a relatively low level of education, and had been employed in heavy physical work. All patients had received a first course of chemotherapy. Most of them received further courses after recurrence of the tumour. Radiotherapy was given only as a second or third line treatment in 13 cases, sometimes in combination with chemotherapy.
Box 1 : Bad news consultation
Mr G and his wife come to see the consultant for the results.
"We talked on Monday after the bronchoscopy," says the consultant, "and I told you then that I was almost certain that there is a tumour in your lungs. That's how it looked. And, unfortunately, I must tell you that the lab tests have shown that it is cancer."
The consultant pauses, with a serious expression on his face.
Mr G closes his eyes. "How long have I got, doctor?"
"The type of lung cancer you have is very aggressive. It grows very fast. On the other hand and that's an advantage if I may say so this type of cancer is very sensitive to chemotherapy. It can certainly be treated. We can offer you treatment with chemotherapy, and I would definitely advise you to accept it. If we don't do anything, without treatment it could soon be over. In two or three months it could be the end. With therapy you must think in terms of years. It's difficult to say at this moment how long. It depends on so many things, for instance, how you respond to the therapy. We must wait and see how it develops before I can say anything definite."
After a short pause, the consultant continues, "At this moment we don't know whether it has spread. That must be investigated. But I can tell you that malignant cells have been found in the lymph glands. However, whether it has spread or not makes no difference to treatment. The advantage of chemotherapy is that it goes through the whole body."
"I want to try everything," interrupts Mr G, "Everything. I cannot leave her behind." He looks at his wife.
"We'll fight it together," says the consultant encouragingly, "However, I must tell you a few things about the treatment. Chemotherapy has side effects. Your hair will fall out. You might feel sick. But we can give you something for that. The therapy also affects your blood, and before we can give you any new treatment your blood must be healthy again. Treatment will be given in five sessions. Each time you will have chemotherapy."
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