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Vasuthevan and Andrew the toast of Wilson Lake View as team clinches title
FORMER international O. Vasuthevan and Andrew Loi were in good form and contributed to Wilson Lake View 3 1 win over adidas KL Kool in the final of the Head Selangor Tennis Association (STA) Inter Team Doubles championships at the Petaling Jaya City Council (MBPJ) complex in Kelana Jaya.
Vasuthevan and Andrew went to the court when the score was 1 0 in favour to adidas KL Kool.
The duo of Chua Jin Chee and Gary Lee Seaton, representing adidas KL Kool, gave their team a 1 0 when they upstaged Jonathan Phang and Leuk Khen Lin 6 2 and 6 1 in the 30 years old and above category.
However, Vasuthevan and Andrew, playing in the 40 and above category, combined well and levelled the score 1 1 with a
hard fought 7 5, 3 6, 10 8 win over Thomas Park and Perry Lim.
Vasuthevan said they were aware of the situation and the match was an important one.
knew that our match was a crucial one. After our teammates had lost the
first match, we had no choice but give our best. We fake hermes brown belt whosale succeeded in getting the better of our rivals, said Vasuthevan.
Wilson Lake View won the next two categories. Marco Winter and Andy Kee made it 2 1 for Wilson Lake View after beating Philip Choo and Alan Th 8 1 in the 50 and above age group.
Wilson Lake View winning point came in the 60 and above age group. The duo of Mc Wong and Kelvin Lee defeated Henry Tan and Sasaki Masami 9 7.
With the champions decided, the women doubles was not played. As the champions, Wilson Lake View received products worth RM10,000 while adidas KL Kool settled for RM5,000 worth of products.
Organising chairman Toi See Juan said the championships would be an annual affair.
have received a lot of positive feedback from the players fake hermes belt price and sponsors. With the encouraging response from the sponsors, imitation hermes belt sale we are keen to continue with the event next year.
fact, we are looking into ways to make the championships more exciting and interesting, said See Juan.
Head were the title sponsors, with hermes brown belt imitation support for the three day event also coming from Spritzer, Thorlo, DeGem, Decanter, Sunny Gold, Kampong Kravers, Thermo Skin, Gliss Kur and DV.
FORMER international O. Vasuthevan and Andrew Loi were in good form and contributed to Wilson Lake View 3 1 win over adidas KL Kool in the final of the Head Selangor Tennis Association (STA) Inter Team Doubles championships at the Petaling Jaya City Council (MBPJ) complex in Kelana Jaya.
Vasuthevan and Andrew went to the court when the score was 1 0 in favour to adidas KL Kool.
The duo of Chua Jin Chee and Gary Lee Seaton, representing adidas KL Kool, gave their team a 1 0 when they upstaged Jonathan Phang and Leuk Khen Lin 6 2 and 6 1 in the 30 years old and above category.
However, Vasuthevan and Andrew, playing in the 40 and above category, combined well and levelled the score 1 1 with a
hard fought 7 5, 3 6, 10 8 win over Thomas Park and Perry Lim.
Vasuthevan said they were aware of the situation and the match was an important one.
knew that our match was a crucial one. After our teammates had lost the
first match, we had no choice but give our best. We fake hermes brown belt whosale succeeded in getting the better of our rivals, said Vasuthevan.
Wilson Lake View won the next two categories. Marco Winter and Andy Kee made it 2 1 for Wilson Lake View after beating Philip Choo and Alan Th 8 1 in the 50 and above age group.
Wilson Lake View winning point came in the 60 and above age group. The duo of Mc Wong and Kelvin Lee defeated Henry Tan and Sasaki Masami 9 7.
With the champions decided, the women doubles was not played. As the champions, Wilson Lake View received products worth RM10,000 while adidas KL Kool settled for RM5,000 worth of products.
Organising chairman Toi See Juan said the championships would be an annual affair.
have received a lot of positive feedback from the players fake hermes belt price and sponsors. With the encouraging response from the sponsors, imitation hermes belt sale we are keen to continue with the event next year.
fact, we are looking into ways to make the championships more exciting and interesting, said See Juan.
Head were the title sponsors, with hermes brown belt imitation support for the three day event also coming from Spritzer, Thorlo, DeGem, Decanter, Sunny Gold, Kampong Kravers, Thermo Skin, Gliss Kur and DV.
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Smirnoff presents Sensation to take over London's O2 Arena
Dance music heroes performing include Mr. White, Erick E, Joris Voorn, Nic Fanciulli Fedde Le Grand, Martin Solveig and Sander Van Doorn will all be performing at The O2 arena in London, as the vodka brand bring this night life experience to a sold out venue of party goers all dressed in white.Sensation have performed the event to over a million people around the world with one of a kind stage shows, acrobats, performers, state of the art lightshows, lasers and fireworks, this particular Sensation event promises to be an unforgettable night.Opening the 'Ocean of White' show will be Sensation's resident act Mr. White, followed by Dutch legendary DJ Erick E. Erick is one of the founding fathers of the Dutch house sound, and van cleef gold clover necklace replica a long time Sensation resident. With his energetic and highly danceable mixes, his relentless enthusiasm and charisma behind the decks make him a firm favourite. Next on stage super duo Joris Voorn and the UK's very own Nic Fanciulli are teaming up especially for Sensation to perform an exclusive back to back show.Finally, the defining moment in every Sensation event party goers will be treated to The Smirnoff Mix, a musical mash van cleef gold clover necklace imitation up featuring synchronised light laser shows, pyrotechnics and jaw dropping theatrical performances.Fedde Le Grand, having recently stormed into No. 21 in the DJ Mag Top 100 DJs, is a DJ worthy of following such an event highlight.Fresh from his success with chart storming track 'Hello' Martin Solveig will follow, incorporating Smirnoff presents Sensation into his worldwide 'Smash' tour, with a hands in the air set, the style which he has become known for.Rounding up proceedings is Sander van Doorn, yet another Sensation resident who has many international awards to his name including 'Best Breakthrough DJ' at the Miami Winter Music Conference.With a different theme every year from Space, toCelebrate Life, and Oak of Love the O2 will be transformed into the Ocean of White. Guests can look forward to fountains set on a giant dance floor which will evaporate into millions of splashes and grand sea creatures will rise from the depths.On Adblock click "Don't run on pages on this domain".If you are Private Browsing in Firefox, knock off van cleef red clover necklace "Tracking Protection" may cause the adblock notice to show. It can be temporarily disabled by clicking the "shield" icon in the address bar.
Dance music heroes performing include Mr. White, Erick E, Joris Voorn, Nic Fanciulli Fedde Le Grand, Martin Solveig and Sander Van Doorn will all be performing at The O2 arena in London, as the vodka brand bring this night life experience to a sold out venue of party goers all dressed in white.Sensation have performed the event to over a million people around the world with one of a kind stage shows, acrobats, performers, state of the art lightshows, lasers and fireworks, this particular Sensation event promises to be an unforgettable night.Opening the 'Ocean of White' show will be Sensation's resident act Mr. White, followed by Dutch legendary DJ Erick E. Erick is one of the founding fathers of the Dutch house sound, and van cleef gold clover necklace replica a long time Sensation resident. With his energetic and highly danceable mixes, his relentless enthusiasm and charisma behind the decks make him a firm favourite. Next on stage super duo Joris Voorn and the UK's very own Nic Fanciulli are teaming up especially for Sensation to perform an exclusive back to back show.Finally, the defining moment in every Sensation event party goers will be treated to The Smirnoff Mix, a musical mash van cleef gold clover necklace imitation up featuring synchronised light laser shows, pyrotechnics and jaw dropping theatrical performances.Fedde Le Grand, having recently stormed into No. 21 in the DJ Mag Top 100 DJs, is a DJ worthy of following such an event highlight.Fresh from his success with chart storming track 'Hello' Martin Solveig will follow, incorporating Smirnoff presents Sensation into his worldwide 'Smash' tour, with a hands in the air set, the style which he has become known for.Rounding up proceedings is Sander van Doorn, yet another Sensation resident who has many international awards to his name including 'Best Breakthrough DJ' at the Miami Winter Music Conference.With a different theme every year from Space, toCelebrate Life, and Oak of Love the O2 will be transformed into the Ocean of White. Guests can look forward to fountains set on a giant dance floor which will evaporate into millions of splashes and grand sea creatures will rise from the depths.On Adblock click "Don't run on pages on this domain".If you are Private Browsing in Firefox, knock off van cleef red clover necklace "Tracking Protection" may cause the adblock notice to show. It can be temporarily disabled by clicking the "shield" icon in the address bar.
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STRIKE POSSIBLE IN VAN NUYS
Byline: Anthony Massucci Bloomberg News
Unionized workers at Anheuser Busch Cos.' Van Nuys plant said they're examining the company's latest contract offer but won't strike before a rank and file meeting scheduled for Wednesday.
Teamsters at the St. The final offer will be put to a membership vote by a mail ballot, and the negotiating committee will urge the Teamster members to vote it down, the union said.
Anheuser Busch's offer would increase base pay to $48,460, a $5,000 increase, over the five years of the contract. Benefits for the employees would rise to $25 an hour, van cleef gold clover necklace replica from $22, bringing the total including wages, benefits and overtime to $48 an hour.
Our members are ready to do what it takes to fight for good jobs,'' said David Laughton, director of the union's brewery and fake van cleef gold clover necklace soft drink workers conference.
Jobs covered by the Teamsters contract include van cleef alhambra diamond necklace replica maintenance workers, packers and shippers, brewers and quality assurance.
At the Van Nuys plant, assistant shop steward Jeff Calzada said Teamsters Local 896 members are waiting to hear from union attorneys about the offer and are keeping an open mind.
Byline: Anthony Massucci Bloomberg News
Unionized workers at Anheuser Busch Cos.' Van Nuys plant said they're examining the company's latest contract offer but won't strike before a rank and file meeting scheduled for Wednesday.
Teamsters at the St. The final offer will be put to a membership vote by a mail ballot, and the negotiating committee will urge the Teamster members to vote it down, the union said.
Anheuser Busch's offer would increase base pay to $48,460, a $5,000 increase, over the five years of the contract. Benefits for the employees would rise to $25 an hour, van cleef gold clover necklace replica from $22, bringing the total including wages, benefits and overtime to $48 an hour.
Our members are ready to do what it takes to fight for good jobs,'' said David Laughton, director of the union's brewery and fake van cleef gold clover necklace soft drink workers conference.
Jobs covered by the Teamsters contract include van cleef alhambra diamond necklace replica maintenance workers, packers and shippers, brewers and quality assurance.
At the Van Nuys plant, assistant shop steward Jeff Calzada said Teamsters Local 896 members are waiting to hear from union attorneys about the offer and are keeping an open mind.
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Venetia Stanley
This is how Sylvia Plath put it, hard and clear, in her last poem, "Edge": "The woman is perfected./ Her dead/ Body wears the smile of accomplishment,/ The illusion of a Greek necessity/ Flows in the scrolls of her toga,/ Her bare/ Feet seem to be saying:/ We have come so far, it is over." Dead indeed. The bare feet suggest the slab, which makes "toga" only a fine Hermes birkin bags fake word for a morgue shroud. And knowing what we do, about what the poet herself was about to do, we can't help reading these lines as an imaginary, anticipatory self portrait, post mortem. The cause of death and of "the smile of accomplishment" is suicide.
It is a shocking poem, and not just because it's a suicide note. The corpse portrait tends to shock us. Intimate close up doesn't sit well with someone's dead body. The only time that a modern newspaper is happy to print a photo of a corpse's face is when the corpse belongs to an enemy who has recently been killed and whose death needs to be evidentially displayed. A classic case is the body of Che Guevara. A recent case is the body of Abu Musab al Zarqawi. When the corpse is not that of an enemy, any image or any image that can be recognised as an individual person is dubious. To be a corpse is, so to speak, to be in the most undignified situation. To be pictured in this state is more compromising than to be pictured naked, or drunk, or on the lavatory. To publish an identifiable image of someone's corpse is considered an insult to the dead. It's not how most of us would wish to be seen or remembered.
As for a face on portrait, that's more dubious still. Portraiture belongs to the living. It expects a face that can show feeling and character, can know it is looked at and can look back. To fill a portrait's frame with a dead head jams all our expectations of the genre. And someone who had a corpse portrait on their wall would surely raise doubts, and eyebrows, too. The bereaved may well have pictures of their lost loved ones, but not of them dead. What would you call fashion cheap hermes handbags a person who kept and contemplated a picture of their spouse's corpse's face? What do we have the word "morbid" for?
But when Venetia Stanley, Lady Digby, died suddenly at 33, her husband, Sir Kenelm Digby, sent for an artist. Sir Anthony Van Dyck, a friend, arrived two days later. What sort of "sitting" he had isn't clear. He is supposed to have painted her where she lay. He knew the face already. Lady Venetia was a famous beauty, and he'd done her before.
Though only a few examples still remain, the deathbed portrait was not then an uncommon form of memorial. Someone died, you called the painter in. A corpse was not seen as such a terrible thing to be. In another, anonymous example from the same decade, the naturalist John Tradescant the Elder lies on his back, swaddled like a baby, ready for the grave, but with an expression of contentment and complacency no replica hermes handbags outlet less a great man, for all that.
Van Dyck's Venetia Stanley, Lady Digby is not exactly deathlike. It has no slab finality. The image leaves a doubt open, the ghost of a hope. Dead or deeply, peacefully asleep? Perhaps that reflects the Christian's "sure and certain hope" of being resurrected after the Last Judgement, making slumber not a euphemism for death, but a true name for it, since we will rise again. Yet this isn't quite what the picture declares. The corpse may be borderline, but the implied trajectory is downward, and into nothing. Signs of life survive. The woman lies, pale and serene but glowing. Her cheeks are slightly rouged. Her tress of red hair is a trace of living sexiness. Her head rests in her hand, the traditional pose of melancholy thought, and of the dreamer. That's how biblical characters who are having visionary dreams (Jacob, Joseph) are pictured, head in hand. The gesture indicates something still going on.
Some corpse portraits show the deceased tucked up to the neck and clearly horizontal. Here, the space is made vague. The bed is seen too close up for a definite sense of its structure. There's just body and bedclothes. It allows the angle of view to be ambiguous. You can't tell for sure if the scene is seen on the level, or from above. You can't tell, in other words, whether this body is sitting up or lying flat. The diagonal slope that Lady Digby makes within this picture near enough 45 degrees keeps its options open.
But, pictorially, this slope lets her slide away. We see head and shoulders and forearm slipping into the sea of bedding that fills the frame. Pale flesh, into white shift and cap, into white sheets and pillows her body disappears under and into these fabrics, becoming insubstantial. You can't tell what mound it makes beneath the bedclothes. It's lost in the flow, and the simple colour scheme, white and deep blue, make the watery metaphor explicit.
The image is composed like a container with a plughole. The dark bed curtains and bedspread surround the sheets and pillows, but not completely. The white bedding has an exit at bottom left. It laps around the dead woman, embraces her, absorbs her and carries her off, to flow emptily out of the picture. She is portrayed, not stone dead, but as a life draining away, a gently fading presence, dreaming and dying together.
Of this portrait, her husband wrote: "This is the onely constant companion I now have. It standeth all day over against my chaire and table. and all night when I goe into my chamber I sett it close to my beds side, and by the faint light of candle, me thinks I see her dead indeed."
Sir Anthony Van Dyck (1599 1641) is, to the English, English (and knighted by Charles I), though in other places, this replica birkin handbags mobile Flemish painter has other names: Antoon, Antoine, Antonio. His lasting fame is for aristocratic portraiture. He coined the self imagery of the Stuart court the cool, sleep eyed ladies framed in curls, the lanky, droopy knights with flowing hair, who assume superiority so unassumingly. It is political painting, and it did its job superbly. The king may have lost the Civil War, but afterwards there would always be Van Dyck's cavalier portraiture to win it back. There was no comparable art on the other side. The English revolution lacked its Jacques Louis David.
Click the Adblock/Adblock Plus icon, which is to the right of your address bar.
On Adblock click "Don't run on pages on this domain".
If you are Private Browsing in Firefox, "Tracking Protection" may cause the adblock notice to show. It can be temporarily disabled by clicking the "shield" icon in the address bar.
This is how Sylvia Plath put it, hard and clear, in her last poem, "Edge": "The woman is perfected./ Her dead/ Body wears the smile of accomplishment,/ The illusion of a Greek necessity/ Flows in the scrolls of her toga,/ Her bare/ Feet seem to be saying:/ We have come so far, it is over." Dead indeed. The bare feet suggest the slab, which makes "toga" only a fine Hermes birkin bags fake word for a morgue shroud. And knowing what we do, about what the poet herself was about to do, we can't help reading these lines as an imaginary, anticipatory self portrait, post mortem. The cause of death and of "the smile of accomplishment" is suicide.
It is a shocking poem, and not just because it's a suicide note. The corpse portrait tends to shock us. Intimate close up doesn't sit well with someone's dead body. The only time that a modern newspaper is happy to print a photo of a corpse's face is when the corpse belongs to an enemy who has recently been killed and whose death needs to be evidentially displayed. A classic case is the body of Che Guevara. A recent case is the body of Abu Musab al Zarqawi. When the corpse is not that of an enemy, any image or any image that can be recognised as an individual person is dubious. To be a corpse is, so to speak, to be in the most undignified situation. To be pictured in this state is more compromising than to be pictured naked, or drunk, or on the lavatory. To publish an identifiable image of someone's corpse is considered an insult to the dead. It's not how most of us would wish to be seen or remembered.
As for a face on portrait, that's more dubious still. Portraiture belongs to the living. It expects a face that can show feeling and character, can know it is looked at and can look back. To fill a portrait's frame with a dead head jams all our expectations of the genre. And someone who had a corpse portrait on their wall would surely raise doubts, and eyebrows, too. The bereaved may well have pictures of their lost loved ones, but not of them dead. What would you call fashion cheap hermes handbags a person who kept and contemplated a picture of their spouse's corpse's face? What do we have the word "morbid" for?
But when Venetia Stanley, Lady Digby, died suddenly at 33, her husband, Sir Kenelm Digby, sent for an artist. Sir Anthony Van Dyck, a friend, arrived two days later. What sort of "sitting" he had isn't clear. He is supposed to have painted her where she lay. He knew the face already. Lady Venetia was a famous beauty, and he'd done her before.
Though only a few examples still remain, the deathbed portrait was not then an uncommon form of memorial. Someone died, you called the painter in. A corpse was not seen as such a terrible thing to be. In another, anonymous example from the same decade, the naturalist John Tradescant the Elder lies on his back, swaddled like a baby, ready for the grave, but with an expression of contentment and complacency no replica hermes handbags outlet less a great man, for all that.
Van Dyck's Venetia Stanley, Lady Digby is not exactly deathlike. It has no slab finality. The image leaves a doubt open, the ghost of a hope. Dead or deeply, peacefully asleep? Perhaps that reflects the Christian's "sure and certain hope" of being resurrected after the Last Judgement, making slumber not a euphemism for death, but a true name for it, since we will rise again. Yet this isn't quite what the picture declares. The corpse may be borderline, but the implied trajectory is downward, and into nothing. Signs of life survive. The woman lies, pale and serene but glowing. Her cheeks are slightly rouged. Her tress of red hair is a trace of living sexiness. Her head rests in her hand, the traditional pose of melancholy thought, and of the dreamer. That's how biblical characters who are having visionary dreams (Jacob, Joseph) are pictured, head in hand. The gesture indicates something still going on.
Some corpse portraits show the deceased tucked up to the neck and clearly horizontal. Here, the space is made vague. The bed is seen too close up for a definite sense of its structure. There's just body and bedclothes. It allows the angle of view to be ambiguous. You can't tell for sure if the scene is seen on the level, or from above. You can't tell, in other words, whether this body is sitting up or lying flat. The diagonal slope that Lady Digby makes within this picture near enough 45 degrees keeps its options open.
But, pictorially, this slope lets her slide away. We see head and shoulders and forearm slipping into the sea of bedding that fills the frame. Pale flesh, into white shift and cap, into white sheets and pillows her body disappears under and into these fabrics, becoming insubstantial. You can't tell what mound it makes beneath the bedclothes. It's lost in the flow, and the simple colour scheme, white and deep blue, make the watery metaphor explicit.
The image is composed like a container with a plughole. The dark bed curtains and bedspread surround the sheets and pillows, but not completely. The white bedding has an exit at bottom left. It laps around the dead woman, embraces her, absorbs her and carries her off, to flow emptily out of the picture. She is portrayed, not stone dead, but as a life draining away, a gently fading presence, dreaming and dying together.
Of this portrait, her husband wrote: "This is the onely constant companion I now have. It standeth all day over against my chaire and table. and all night when I goe into my chamber I sett it close to my beds side, and by the faint light of candle, me thinks I see her dead indeed."
Sir Anthony Van Dyck (1599 1641) is, to the English, English (and knighted by Charles I), though in other places, this replica birkin handbags mobile Flemish painter has other names: Antoon, Antoine, Antonio. His lasting fame is for aristocratic portraiture. He coined the self imagery of the Stuart court the cool, sleep eyed ladies framed in curls, the lanky, droopy knights with flowing hair, who assume superiority so unassumingly. It is political painting, and it did its job superbly. The king may have lost the Civil War, but afterwards there would always be Van Dyck's cavalier portraiture to win it back. There was no comparable art on the other side. The English revolution lacked its Jacques Louis David.
Click the Adblock/Adblock Plus icon, which is to the right of your address bar.
On Adblock click "Don't run on pages on this domain".
If you are Private Browsing in Firefox, "Tracking Protection" may cause the adblock notice to show. It can be temporarily disabled by clicking the "shield" icon in the address bar.
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Victorian principal risks jail by speaking out about asylum seeker students at his school
The high school students are among 267 asylum seekers who came to Australia for medical treatment with their families, and could be returned to immigration detention in Nauru within days.
It follows a High Court ruling last week that Australia's offshore processing of asylum seekers was lawful.
Mr Dingle is responsible for the students when they attend the multicultural school, and said it wasone of the few places where they feel like normal kids.
They wear the school blazer and tie, play basketball at lunch and chat with their friends in the library. Many of their classmates are unaware of their uncertain future, or the fact that they live in detention. "They are very hardworking, young people and really keen to take advantage of what is offered," he said.
Staff are distressed about the students' future, and the prospect that they may not turn up to school one day soon.
There is growing pressure on the Turnbull government to let the group of asylum seekersremain in Australia. A Department of Immigration spokeswoman said that 48 children of school age were subject to return to Nauru.
It is about time that we showed a bit of compassion for these young people.
Glenroy College principal Paul Dingle
Premier Daniel Andrews has called on Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull to let the group settle in Victoria, and said the state would accept full responsibility for their education, fashion cheap hermes handbags health, housing and welfare services.
Premier Daniel Andrews takes asylum seekers to Melbourne Zoo, calls on Federal Government to let them stay imitiaton hermes bag in Australia. Photo: Facebook
Every other Australian state premier has echoed his calls.
Churches and refugee advocates are running a high profile campaign, and it is understood that other principals are also considering speakingout.
Mr Dingle chooses his words carefully. He could run foul of the Border Force Act, which threatens imprisonment for "entrusted persons" who disclose information about detention centres.
He is not able to say how old the students are, their nationalities or go into great detail about their situation.
"I'm concerned by any push back but it is something that needs to be talked about. We need to recognise how well off we are," he said.
Mr Dingle's school has accommodated asylum seekers living in the nearby Broadmeadows detention centre for two years. He initially thought he would have to closely monitor the students to ensure they didn't run away. "But then I discovered they had no desire to escape. They are happy to be in school, and in the playground with their friends."
Australian Education Union Victorian branch president Meredith Peace fake hermes bag said the asylum seekers should not be condemned to a "life in limbo" on Nauru.
"Kids who are seeking refuge have often come from countries in conflict where their education has already been disrupted. They are in Victorian schools getting access to high quality education in a stable environment."
Removing the children would be extremely traumatic and disruptive to their education, she said.
Lucy Honan, a spokesperson for Teachers for Refugees, a group which started in Victoria in December, said Australian schools provided asylum seekers with " a deep source of safety".
"It signifies their connection to the community, with their peers," the St Albans Secondary College teacher said.
"The moment you're taking your kid out of education you are ruining a lot of relationships, and denying thatchild a future."
She said asylum seeker students were pulled out ofschool photos andno matter how hard theystudied in the VCE, were unableto access Australian universities.
The Age revealed last month that school aged asylum seekers on Nauru were missing out on an education, because classes replica hermes handbags outlet are taught in the Nauruan language and bullying is rife. There have also been allegations of sexual harassment and abuse.
The high school students are among 267 asylum seekers who came to Australia for medical treatment with their families, and could be returned to immigration detention in Nauru within days.
It follows a High Court ruling last week that Australia's offshore processing of asylum seekers was lawful.
Mr Dingle is responsible for the students when they attend the multicultural school, and said it wasone of the few places where they feel like normal kids.
They wear the school blazer and tie, play basketball at lunch and chat with their friends in the library. Many of their classmates are unaware of their uncertain future, or the fact that they live in detention. "They are very hardworking, young people and really keen to take advantage of what is offered," he said.
Staff are distressed about the students' future, and the prospect that they may not turn up to school one day soon.
There is growing pressure on the Turnbull government to let the group of asylum seekersremain in Australia. A Department of Immigration spokeswoman said that 48 children of school age were subject to return to Nauru.
It is about time that we showed a bit of compassion for these young people.
Glenroy College principal Paul Dingle
Premier Daniel Andrews has called on Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull to let the group settle in Victoria, and said the state would accept full responsibility for their education, fashion cheap hermes handbags health, housing and welfare services.
Premier Daniel Andrews takes asylum seekers to Melbourne Zoo, calls on Federal Government to let them stay imitiaton hermes bag in Australia. Photo: Facebook
Every other Australian state premier has echoed his calls.
Churches and refugee advocates are running a high profile campaign, and it is understood that other principals are also considering speakingout.
Mr Dingle chooses his words carefully. He could run foul of the Border Force Act, which threatens imprisonment for "entrusted persons" who disclose information about detention centres.
He is not able to say how old the students are, their nationalities or go into great detail about their situation.
"I'm concerned by any push back but it is something that needs to be talked about. We need to recognise how well off we are," he said.
Mr Dingle's school has accommodated asylum seekers living in the nearby Broadmeadows detention centre for two years. He initially thought he would have to closely monitor the students to ensure they didn't run away. "But then I discovered they had no desire to escape. They are happy to be in school, and in the playground with their friends."
Australian Education Union Victorian branch president Meredith Peace fake hermes bag said the asylum seekers should not be condemned to a "life in limbo" on Nauru.
"Kids who are seeking refuge have often come from countries in conflict where their education has already been disrupted. They are in Victorian schools getting access to high quality education in a stable environment."
Removing the children would be extremely traumatic and disruptive to their education, she said.
Lucy Honan, a spokesperson for Teachers for Refugees, a group which started in Victoria in December, said Australian schools provided asylum seekers with " a deep source of safety".
"It signifies their connection to the community, with their peers," the St Albans Secondary College teacher said.
"The moment you're taking your kid out of education you are ruining a lot of relationships, and denying thatchild a future."
She said asylum seeker students were pulled out ofschool photos andno matter how hard theystudied in the VCE, were unableto access Australian universities.
The Age revealed last month that school aged asylum seekers on Nauru were missing out on an education, because classes replica hermes handbags outlet are taught in the Nauruan language and bullying is rife. There have also been allegations of sexual harassment and abuse.
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The Brewed Awakening guide to B
Some of these have been on the radar for more than a year, while some of them only announced themselves a matter of weeks ago. As always, there are rumours of several more. But if all the projectslisted here open their doors before year end, we be van cleef and arpels diamond necklace replica looking at almost140 breweries across the province.
What interesting about this latest crop of craft beer creators? Perhaps most encouraging is a first and second craft brewery for Prince George; but there also an overdue surge in Kelowna and along the Sea to Sky corridor, while brewhouses continue to popup in the Fraser Valley like so many stainless steel mushrooms. Which all make for yet more excuses to plan a staycation beercation this year.
This guide currently includes Foamers Folly, which opened at the tail end of 2015.
(Thanks to the intrepidMike Garson,Stephen Smysnuik andJoe Wiebe for the tips.)
'A' Frame Brewing Company, Squamish
Andina Brewing Company, Vancouver
Beach Fire Brewing Nosh House, Campbell River
Broke 'n Rode Brewing Co., 100 Mile House
Chaos and Solace Craft Brewing Company, Chilliwack
Coast van cleef and arpels necklace clover imitation Mountain Brewing, Whistler
CrossRoads Brewing, Prince George
Faculty Brewing Co., Vancouver
Field House Brewing Co., Abbotsford
Foamers Folly Brewing Co., Pitt Meadows
Kettle River Brewing Co., Kelowna
Luppolo Brewing Company, Vancouver
One Duck Brewing Co., Squamish
Prototype Brewing Co., CoquitlamNano or micro?Micro:15 hl brewhouse with four 30 hl fermenters. Annual output projected at1,200 1,350 hl.
The people: Married coupleCaylin Glazier and Jeff Oldenborger are the owners. Former Turning Point brewerAndrew Sawyer is on board van cleef and arpel clover necklace imitation ashead brewer.
The beer:Planning to open witha cream ale, a Belgian ale, a California common and a Baltic porter.
Brewery extras: Tasting roomfor flights, growler fills and the purchase of packaged product. There will also be an outside picnic area.
In their words:"Caylin and I are focusing on excellent beer, of course, but wewill be putting a lot of time into a welcoming, friendly and easy going tasting room experience. The name and energy of the brewery has come from the experiences her and I have shared on Okanagan Lake. We both have been fortunate to have grown up with lakeshore, cabin living in our blood and we are bringing that feeling and experience to the tasting room and the way we do business." Jeff Oldenborger
The people: Colombian ex pat brothers Andres and Nicolas Amaya are the owners and founders.
The beer:Focus on drinkable styles. "We will not do sours or imperial strong ales, at least not for the first few years," Nicolas says.
Some of these have been on the radar for more than a year, while some of them only announced themselves a matter of weeks ago. As always, there are rumours of several more. But if all the projectslisted here open their doors before year end, we be van cleef and arpels diamond necklace replica looking at almost140 breweries across the province.
What interesting about this latest crop of craft beer creators? Perhaps most encouraging is a first and second craft brewery for Prince George; but there also an overdue surge in Kelowna and along the Sea to Sky corridor, while brewhouses continue to popup in the Fraser Valley like so many stainless steel mushrooms. Which all make for yet more excuses to plan a staycation beercation this year.
This guide currently includes Foamers Folly, which opened at the tail end of 2015.
(Thanks to the intrepidMike Garson,Stephen Smysnuik andJoe Wiebe for the tips.)
'A' Frame Brewing Company, Squamish
Andina Brewing Company, Vancouver
Beach Fire Brewing Nosh House, Campbell River
Broke 'n Rode Brewing Co., 100 Mile House
Chaos and Solace Craft Brewing Company, Chilliwack
Coast van cleef and arpels necklace clover imitation Mountain Brewing, Whistler
CrossRoads Brewing, Prince George
Faculty Brewing Co., Vancouver
Field House Brewing Co., Abbotsford
Foamers Folly Brewing Co., Pitt Meadows
Kettle River Brewing Co., Kelowna
Luppolo Brewing Company, Vancouver
One Duck Brewing Co., Squamish
Prototype Brewing Co., CoquitlamNano or micro?Micro:15 hl brewhouse with four 30 hl fermenters. Annual output projected at1,200 1,350 hl.
The people: Married coupleCaylin Glazier and Jeff Oldenborger are the owners. Former Turning Point brewerAndrew Sawyer is on board van cleef and arpel clover necklace imitation ashead brewer.
The beer:Planning to open witha cream ale, a Belgian ale, a California common and a Baltic porter.
Brewery extras: Tasting roomfor flights, growler fills and the purchase of packaged product. There will also be an outside picnic area.
In their words:"Caylin and I are focusing on excellent beer, of course, but wewill be putting a lot of time into a welcoming, friendly and easy going tasting room experience. The name and energy of the brewery has come from the experiences her and I have shared on Okanagan Lake. We both have been fortunate to have grown up with lakeshore, cabin living in our blood and we are bringing that feeling and experience to the tasting room and the way we do business." Jeff Oldenborger
The people: Colombian ex pat brothers Andres and Nicolas Amaya are the owners and founders.
The beer:Focus on drinkable styles. "We will not do sours or imperial strong ales, at least not for the first few years," Nicolas says.
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The current crop of GOP liars
This originally appeared on AlterNet.
Americans are still struggling to come to terms with the loss they felt as the wackier GOP candidates fell by the wayside. For pure entertainment value, the mendacity they offered on the campaign trail couldn be beat.
Who can forget Herman Cain worrying about how China, a member of the club for almost a half century, is now to develop nuclear capability How can one top the convincing specificity of Michele Bachmann claim that on "page 92" of the healthcare reform bill, it says "people can purchase private health insurance after a date certain, which means people will ultimately go into a single payer plan"? We have to admit that we miss Rick Perry telling us wild tales of Obama totalitarianism extending to "telling us what kind of light bulb we can use. But just because some of its more colorful wheels have come flying off, that doesn mean the GOP clown car isn still moving down the road toward the November elections.
We thought we take a look at some of the brazen falsehoods offered up by the candidates who remain standing today.
1. Mitt Romney: No Apologies
Mitt Romney wrote a book called Apology, and has repeatedly said on the campaign trail that Obama van cleef and arpels vintage alhambra necklace replica took a world tour at the beginning of his presidency to issuemea culpasto dastardly foreigners everywhere. This lie is so brazen not only because itnever happened, but also because Romney uses the talking point in speech after speech.
Ironically, as James Taubnotedin theNew York Times, "In a major speech in Cairo in 2005, Condoleezza Rice, then Mr. Bush's secretary of state, said that 60 years, my country, the United States, pursued stability at the expense of democracy in this region here in the Middle East and we achieved neither. What was she doing if not apologizing on behalf of the United States and vowing to put an end to a pattern of fake van cleef and arpels necklace clover misguided policy?"
2. Newt Gingrich: Christmas Warrior
Why should the nutjobs at Fox News have all the fun?In Davenport, Iowa, on December 19, Gingrich revealed the results of something he said he "been investigating for the last three days." What was it?
Apparently if the president sends out Christmas cards, they are paid for the Democratic or Republican National Committees because no federal official at any level is currently allowed to say 'Merry Christmas.' And the idea, I think, is that the government should be neutral. I going to go back and find out how was this law written, when was it passed. We've had this whole in my mind very destructive attitude in the last 50 years that we have to drive religion out of public life.
Guess what? Yup he just pulled that oneout of perhaps one of those mass emails your crazy right wing uncle keeps forwarding you.
3. Ron Paul: New Poll Shows That Everyone Agrees With Me!
We guess that most Americans haven given much thought to Ron Paul quixotic quest to return the United States to the gold standard and the regular cycle of booms and crushing busts that long accompanied it.
But on January 3, Paul told his supporters, there was a national poll that came out and they were talking about how many people supported the gold standard. A real national poll, meanwhile, found that the gold standard is on the wish list of a minority of Americans.
4. Santorum: A Dingo Is Eating Your Baby! (Or Something)
Rick Santorum is obviously a man who is fascinated with dead babies and inflammatory rhetoric.
Last March, he married the two in an attack on Obama at the Iowa Faith and Freedom conference. Speaking of a wingnutty bill that would require doctors to treat fetuses after "botched abortions," Santorum said that Obama had opposed the measure when he was in the Illinois state senate, which was true, but then went on to claim that Obama had "said in fact that any child, prior to nine months of gestation would be able to be killed." He added: "Think about that: any child born prematurely, according to the president, in his own words, can be killed. Now, who the extremist in this abortion debate?"
There are some things that shouldn even need to be debunked. Obviously, no politician would ever go on record saying something so crazy that just common sense.
But if you really need to verify that Obama never suggested anything of the sort, here thefact check.
5. Romney Tax Fairytales
Mitt Romney said he wouldn release his returns, then he said he release them in April and then Newt Gingrich gave him a hard time and he folded. It courage like that which makes one wonder how he deal with North Korea.
Anyway, the returns show that the candidate made over $40 million in 2010 and 2011, and paid 13.9 knock off van cleef red clover necklace percent in taxes on those sums. A paltry figure, and Romney is responding to the criticism he received on the topic with two age old and wholly dishonest conservative talking points, and an additional sleight of hand, all rolled into one juicy bundle of mendacity.
ViaThink Progress, this is what he told Univision Jorge Ramos in an interview this week:
ROMNEY: One of the reasons why we have a lower tax rate on capital gains is because capital gains are also being taxed at the corporate level. So as businesses earn profits, that's taxed at 35 percent, then as they distribute those profits as dividends, that's taxed at 15 percent more. So, all total, the tax rate is really closer to 45 or 50 percent.
RAMOS: But is it fair what you pay, 13 percent, while most pay much more than that?
ROMNEY: Well, again, I go back to the point that the, that the funds are being taxed twice at two different levels.
Mendacious talking point, the first: "double taxation." We don tax "funds" in this country, we tax transactions. If a company turns a profit on its transactions, it pays taxes on that profit. When it pays money out to investors as dividends, or when investors sell stock at a profit, those transactions are also taxed. No transaction is taxed twice.
Mendacious talking point, the second: that 35 percent tax rate. That the top corporate tax rate on the books, but because businesses take advantage of all manner of loopholes, the effective rate what they actually pay is actually far lower. It a classic conservative talking point that we have the highest corporate tax rate in the world, but the reality is that we collect less in corporate taxes than most developed countries. Studies of some of the biggest companies have shown their effective tax rates to be, on average, less than half of what on the books.
And the sleight of hand: Bain Capital is a Limited Liability Company. This is what known as a "pass through" structure, meaning that the company pays zero in corporate income taxes the partners shares are taxed as income or losses on their personal returns, and in this case, most of the gains are investment income taxed at 15 percent.
This originally appeared on AlterNet.
Americans are still struggling to come to terms with the loss they felt as the wackier GOP candidates fell by the wayside. For pure entertainment value, the mendacity they offered on the campaign trail couldn be beat.
Who can forget Herman Cain worrying about how China, a member of the club for almost a half century, is now to develop nuclear capability How can one top the convincing specificity of Michele Bachmann claim that on "page 92" of the healthcare reform bill, it says "people can purchase private health insurance after a date certain, which means people will ultimately go into a single payer plan"? We have to admit that we miss Rick Perry telling us wild tales of Obama totalitarianism extending to "telling us what kind of light bulb we can use. But just because some of its more colorful wheels have come flying off, that doesn mean the GOP clown car isn still moving down the road toward the November elections.
We thought we take a look at some of the brazen falsehoods offered up by the candidates who remain standing today.
1. Mitt Romney: No Apologies
Mitt Romney wrote a book called Apology, and has repeatedly said on the campaign trail that Obama van cleef and arpels vintage alhambra necklace replica took a world tour at the beginning of his presidency to issuemea culpasto dastardly foreigners everywhere. This lie is so brazen not only because itnever happened, but also because Romney uses the talking point in speech after speech.
Ironically, as James Taubnotedin theNew York Times, "In a major speech in Cairo in 2005, Condoleezza Rice, then Mr. Bush's secretary of state, said that 60 years, my country, the United States, pursued stability at the expense of democracy in this region here in the Middle East and we achieved neither. What was she doing if not apologizing on behalf of the United States and vowing to put an end to a pattern of fake van cleef and arpels necklace clover misguided policy?"
2. Newt Gingrich: Christmas Warrior
Why should the nutjobs at Fox News have all the fun?In Davenport, Iowa, on December 19, Gingrich revealed the results of something he said he "been investigating for the last three days." What was it?
Apparently if the president sends out Christmas cards, they are paid for the Democratic or Republican National Committees because no federal official at any level is currently allowed to say 'Merry Christmas.' And the idea, I think, is that the government should be neutral. I going to go back and find out how was this law written, when was it passed. We've had this whole in my mind very destructive attitude in the last 50 years that we have to drive religion out of public life.
Guess what? Yup he just pulled that oneout of perhaps one of those mass emails your crazy right wing uncle keeps forwarding you.
3. Ron Paul: New Poll Shows That Everyone Agrees With Me!
We guess that most Americans haven given much thought to Ron Paul quixotic quest to return the United States to the gold standard and the regular cycle of booms and crushing busts that long accompanied it.
But on January 3, Paul told his supporters, there was a national poll that came out and they were talking about how many people supported the gold standard. A real national poll, meanwhile, found that the gold standard is on the wish list of a minority of Americans.
4. Santorum: A Dingo Is Eating Your Baby! (Or Something)
Rick Santorum is obviously a man who is fascinated with dead babies and inflammatory rhetoric.
Last March, he married the two in an attack on Obama at the Iowa Faith and Freedom conference. Speaking of a wingnutty bill that would require doctors to treat fetuses after "botched abortions," Santorum said that Obama had opposed the measure when he was in the Illinois state senate, which was true, but then went on to claim that Obama had "said in fact that any child, prior to nine months of gestation would be able to be killed." He added: "Think about that: any child born prematurely, according to the president, in his own words, can be killed. Now, who the extremist in this abortion debate?"
There are some things that shouldn even need to be debunked. Obviously, no politician would ever go on record saying something so crazy that just common sense.
But if you really need to verify that Obama never suggested anything of the sort, here thefact check.
5. Romney Tax Fairytales
Mitt Romney said he wouldn release his returns, then he said he release them in April and then Newt Gingrich gave him a hard time and he folded. It courage like that which makes one wonder how he deal with North Korea.
Anyway, the returns show that the candidate made over $40 million in 2010 and 2011, and paid 13.9 knock off van cleef red clover necklace percent in taxes on those sums. A paltry figure, and Romney is responding to the criticism he received on the topic with two age old and wholly dishonest conservative talking points, and an additional sleight of hand, all rolled into one juicy bundle of mendacity.
ViaThink Progress, this is what he told Univision Jorge Ramos in an interview this week:
ROMNEY: One of the reasons why we have a lower tax rate on capital gains is because capital gains are also being taxed at the corporate level. So as businesses earn profits, that's taxed at 35 percent, then as they distribute those profits as dividends, that's taxed at 15 percent more. So, all total, the tax rate is really closer to 45 or 50 percent.
RAMOS: But is it fair what you pay, 13 percent, while most pay much more than that?
ROMNEY: Well, again, I go back to the point that the, that the funds are being taxed twice at two different levels.
Mendacious talking point, the first: "double taxation." We don tax "funds" in this country, we tax transactions. If a company turns a profit on its transactions, it pays taxes on that profit. When it pays money out to investors as dividends, or when investors sell stock at a profit, those transactions are also taxed. No transaction is taxed twice.
Mendacious talking point, the second: that 35 percent tax rate. That the top corporate tax rate on the books, but because businesses take advantage of all manner of loopholes, the effective rate what they actually pay is actually far lower. It a classic conservative talking point that we have the highest corporate tax rate in the world, but the reality is that we collect less in corporate taxes than most developed countries. Studies of some of the biggest companies have shown their effective tax rates to be, on average, less than half of what on the books.
And the sleight of hand: Bain Capital is a Limited Liability Company. This is what known as a "pass through" structure, meaning that the company pays zero in corporate income taxes the partners shares are taxed as income or losses on their personal returns, and in this case, most of the gains are investment income taxed at 15 percent.
VanDusen garden's holiday lights dazzle
On the Blood reserve, progress in the fight against opioid addiction and deathsSTAND OFF In the wake of four more fentanyl overdose deaths month, Blood Tribe in Stand Off on Tuesday to update band and government on the opioid crisis.
A family affair: St Viateur Bagel celebrates 60 yearsBagels are the great equalizer. Everybody eats them, everybody loves them and everybody is invited to the bagel factory's block party on Sunday.
Daphne Bramham: Rumana Monzur's courageous and graceful triumph over abuseRumana Monzur hoped that she wouldn't cry Wednesday when she spoke at convocation, received her law .
Vaughn Palmer: Vote verdict in Comox will clear political pictureTuesday saw the NDP lead trimmed to 12, then the Liberals pulled ahead by three and, as counting ended.
Daphne Bramham: Preserving Chinatown should be a local and national priorityGreat cities have texture. They have buildings, places and communities that reflect their unique character.
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On the Blood reserve, progress in the fight against opioid addiction and deathsSTAND OFF In the wake of four more fentanyl overdose deaths month, Blood Tribe in Stand Off on Tuesday to update band and government on the opioid crisis.
A family affair: St Viateur Bagel celebrates 60 yearsBagels are the great equalizer. Everybody eats them, everybody loves them and everybody is invited to the bagel factory's block party on Sunday.
Daphne Bramham: Rumana Monzur's courageous and graceful triumph over abuseRumana Monzur hoped that she wouldn't cry Wednesday when she spoke at convocation, received her law .
Vaughn Palmer: Vote verdict in Comox will clear political pictureTuesday saw the NDP lead trimmed to 12, then the Liberals pulled ahead by three and, as counting ended.
Daphne Bramham: Preserving Chinatown should be a local and national priorityGreat cities have texture. They have buildings, places and communities that reflect their unique character.
{ displayName }
Postmedia wants to improve your reading experience as well as share the best deals and promotions from our advertisers with you. The information below will be used to optimize the content and make ads across the network more relevant to you. You can always change the information you share with us by editing your profile. epaper, Digital Access, Subscriber Rewards), please input your Print Newspaper subscription phone number and postal code.
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By clicking "Create Account", I hearby grant permission to Postmedia to use my account information to create my account.
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Veteran rinks favoured to bring home gold from Canadian junior curling championships
Experience tends to go a long way at a Canadian Junior Men's and Women's hermes men belt replica Curling Championship.
For that reason alone, teams skipped by Northern Ontario's Tanner Horgan and Nova Scotia's Kristin replica Hermes belts france Clarke are among the favourites as the 2017 championships begin Saturday at Archie Browning Sports Centre and Esquimalt Curling Club.
Horgan's team of third Jacob Horgan, second Nicholas Bissonnette and lead Maxime Blais remains intact after last year's silver medal finish to Manitoba's Matt Dunstone. This is also Horgan's fourth trip to nationals.
Curling fans will recognize the name as the Horgans are younger brothers to Tracy Fleury and Jennifer Wylie (both nee Horgan), who have competed at two Scotties Tournament of Hearts and numerous Grand Slam events.
"We've been working hard for a while now and reaping rewards," Tanner, who is coached by his father Gerry, told CBC Radio. "With the defending champions not coming back this year, I would see us seeded first going in. It's pretty amazing that we can even call ourselves the first seed going in. That's an amazing accomplishment in itself."
The team has patterned itself after Brad Jacob's Olympic gold medal rink, also based out of Northern Ontario.
Clarke and her third Karlee Burgess and second Janique LeBlanc are also back from their 2016 Canadian and World gold medal finishes with former skip Mary Fay, who stepped away from the game to focus on university studies. The team has added Emily Lloyd at lead. "So it was more about building a new team dynamic this year, that was the hard part.
"As difficult as it was to move on and try to find another player, by changing our mindset a bit and looking at it as a new team for this season, we've really developed a new dynamic that's working really well for us," added Clarke who joined the team last season.
It was the first time Nova Scotia had won a provincial junior title since Jill Mouzar accomplished the feat in 2004, also in Victoria. skips Corryn Brown (with Nanaimo's Marka Van Osch at third) and Tyler Tardi should also battle for the top prizes and the right to advance to the 2017 World Junior Curling Championships in Gangneung, South Korea.
Brown is the 2013 Canadian champion along with her lead Samantha Fisher. team. team that finished second nationally to Fay last year.
Tardi and his crew of third Sterling Middleton, second Jordan Tardi and lead Nicholas Meister won bronze at last year's Canadian juniors, losing the semifinal to Dunstone.
There are many other capable teams among the 14 junior women's rinks and 13 junior men's foursomes (Yukon did fake hermes brown belt whosale not field a men's team for this U 21 championship, just for the U 18 event).
Ryan knocked off Calvert this season and for that reason alone should be considered a contender here. Saskatchewan, Alberta and Ontario are fake hermes belt price also traditionally strong provinces.
This is the third time the national junior championships visit Victoria; the last time was 2004 when both the men and women competed. It was also here in 1979 when the provincial capital played host to the junior men's championship.
Experience tends to go a long way at a Canadian Junior Men's and Women's hermes men belt replica Curling Championship.
For that reason alone, teams skipped by Northern Ontario's Tanner Horgan and Nova Scotia's Kristin replica Hermes belts france Clarke are among the favourites as the 2017 championships begin Saturday at Archie Browning Sports Centre and Esquimalt Curling Club.
Horgan's team of third Jacob Horgan, second Nicholas Bissonnette and lead Maxime Blais remains intact after last year's silver medal finish to Manitoba's Matt Dunstone. This is also Horgan's fourth trip to nationals.
Curling fans will recognize the name as the Horgans are younger brothers to Tracy Fleury and Jennifer Wylie (both nee Horgan), who have competed at two Scotties Tournament of Hearts and numerous Grand Slam events.
"We've been working hard for a while now and reaping rewards," Tanner, who is coached by his father Gerry, told CBC Radio. "With the defending champions not coming back this year, I would see us seeded first going in. It's pretty amazing that we can even call ourselves the first seed going in. That's an amazing accomplishment in itself."
The team has patterned itself after Brad Jacob's Olympic gold medal rink, also based out of Northern Ontario.
Clarke and her third Karlee Burgess and second Janique LeBlanc are also back from their 2016 Canadian and World gold medal finishes with former skip Mary Fay, who stepped away from the game to focus on university studies. The team has added Emily Lloyd at lead. "So it was more about building a new team dynamic this year, that was the hard part.
"As difficult as it was to move on and try to find another player, by changing our mindset a bit and looking at it as a new team for this season, we've really developed a new dynamic that's working really well for us," added Clarke who joined the team last season.
It was the first time Nova Scotia had won a provincial junior title since Jill Mouzar accomplished the feat in 2004, also in Victoria. skips Corryn Brown (with Nanaimo's Marka Van Osch at third) and Tyler Tardi should also battle for the top prizes and the right to advance to the 2017 World Junior Curling Championships in Gangneung, South Korea.
Brown is the 2013 Canadian champion along with her lead Samantha Fisher. team. team that finished second nationally to Fay last year.
Tardi and his crew of third Sterling Middleton, second Jordan Tardi and lead Nicholas Meister won bronze at last year's Canadian juniors, losing the semifinal to Dunstone.
There are many other capable teams among the 14 junior women's rinks and 13 junior men's foursomes (Yukon did fake hermes brown belt whosale not field a men's team for this U 21 championship, just for the U 18 event).
Ryan knocked off Calvert this season and for that reason alone should be considered a contender here. Saskatchewan, Alberta and Ontario are fake hermes belt price also traditionally strong provinces.
This is the third time the national junior championships visit Victoria; the last time was 2004 when both the men and women competed. It was also here in 1979 when the provincial capital played host to the junior men's championship.
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The genome of Chenopodium knock off clover earrings van cleef quinoa
Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) is a highly nutritious grain identified as an important crop to improve world food security. Unfortunately, few resources are available to facilitate its genetic improvement. Here we report the assembly of a high quality, chromosome scale reference genome sequence for quinoa, which was produced using single molecule real time sequencing in combination with optical, chromosome contact and genetic maps. We also report the sequencing of two diploids from the ancestral gene pools of quinoa, which enables the identification of sub genomes in quinoa, and reduced coverage genome sequences for 22 other samples of the allotetraploid goosefoot complex. The genome sequence facilitated the identification of the transcription factor likely to control the production of anti nutritional triterpenoid saponins found in quinoa seeds, including a mutation that appears to cause alternative splicing and a premature stop codon in sweet quinoa strains. These genomic resources are an important first step towards the genetic improvement of quinoa.
a, Seeds of C. suecicum, C. pallidicaule and quinoa. b, The proportion of gene pairs in each species binned according to Ks values. c, Maximum likelihood tree generated from 3,132 SNPs. Black branches, diploid species. Coloured branches, tetraploid species: red, quinoa; blue, C. berlandieri; yellow, C. hircinum. Branch values represent the percentage of 1,000 bootstrap replicates that support the topology. Scale bar represents substitutions per site. d, Evolutionary relationships of Chenopodium species, showing the hypothesized long range dispersal of an ancestral C. berlandieri to South America, and the eventual domestication of quinoa from C. hircinum, either from a single event that gave rise to highland and subsequently coastal quinoa (1), or in two events that gave rise to highland (2a) and coastal (2b) quinoa independently. Blue, red and yellow shading represents the geographic distribution of C. berlandieri, quinoa and C. hircinum, respectively.
a, Blue lines and green lines connect regions of the C. pallidicaule and C. suecicum genomes, respectively, with their orthologous regions in the quinoa genome based on BLASTN. Quinoa scaffolds are arranged based on their positions in linkage groups, with blue and green coloured bars indicating sub genome assignment based on mapped reads from the two diploid species. Scaffolds that could not be unambiguously assigned to a sub genome based on read mapping are shown in white. Grey bars separate neighbouring scaffolds. b, Homoeologous gene pairs in the A (blue chromosomes) and B (green chromosomes) sub genomes. c, Simplified representation of synteny between CqA12, CqB05, CqB03 and CqA10. Dotted lines connect large scale syntenic regions between the A (blue) and B (green) sub genomes. The scale bar indicates approximate positions defining the indicated syntenic blocks. For purposes of visualization, CqB05 and CqA10 were inverted. d, Syntenic relationships between B. vulgaris and the A and B sub genomes of quinoa. Colours distinguish quinoa regions syntenic to each B. vulgaris chromosome. Blue and green quinoa chromosomes indicate the A and B sub genomes, respectively.
a, The number of orthologous protein coding gene clusters shared between or unique to quinoa, C. pallidicaule, C. suecicum and B. vulgaris. b, The number of gene sets for which each gene has been retained as a single copy in each genome/sub genome (middle), or lost from the quinoa A (left) or B (right) sub genome. c, Maximum likelihood tree of flowering locus T (FT) sequences, indicating the presence of two sets of orthologues in quinoa and B. vulgaris. The tree is rooted on the branch containing FT from A. thaliana. Branch values represent the percentage of 1,000 bootstrap replicates that support the topology. Scale bar represents substitutions per site.
a, Imaging mass spectrometry visualization of selected masses, including saponins in the pericarp of a quinoa seed. Purple gradient bar, tentative phosphatidylcholine (34:1), ([M+Na]+ m/z=782.5610, calc. error); yellow gradient bar, tentative triacylglycerol (54:6), ([M+K]+ m/z=917.6971, calc. error); green gradient bar indicates a representative saponin phytolaccagenic acid with sugar chains hexose pentose hexose ([M+K]+ m/z=1173.5114, calc. error). Coloured bars represent the ion signal intensity scaled from 0% (bottom) to 50% (top) of maximum signal. Scale bars, 500m. b, Accumulation of saponins as measured by total acids during seed development. Illustrations represent fruit development at 12 and 24 days after anthesis. n=6, 5, 5 and 5, respectively, for 12, 16, 20 and 24 days after anthesis. c, The percentage difference in allele frequency of sweet progeny compared to bitter progeny in the Kurmi0654 (top) and AtlasCarina Red (bottom) populations. Alternating red and blue dots indicate positions of markers along alternating chromosomes, with unmapped markers in chromosome 0 shown in grey. Asterisk above the top panel indicates the approximate position of TSARL1. d, The saponin biosynthetic pathway, showing enzymes that catalyse each step of the pathway and the quinoa gene ID for genes encoding each enzyme. Boxes surrounding each gene ID are coloured according to their fold change in expression (log2) in sweet lines compared to bitter lines of Kurmi0654. Horizontal lines to the left of each gene ID represent the 2 kb region upstream of the start codon of each gene, with tick marks indicating the positions of motifs putatively recognized by TSARL1. e, Gene models of TSARL1 in bitter and sweet lines. Red asterisk, premature stop codon in sweet lines of Kurmi0654.
a, Representative gene model showing mapped RNA sequencing reads generated using Illumina or isoform sequencing technologies. The top and middle panels show isoform sequencing and RNA seq reads, respectively, that have been mapped to the chromosomal location containing the AUR62017258 gene model, which is shown on the bottom panel. Light grey lines in the top two panels indicate regions where reads were split to indicate introns positions. Full length isoform sequencing reads were able to span the 5 untranslated region, all exons, and the 3 untranslated region in a single read. b, Gene density and GC% in 100 kb windows in quinoa chromosomes. c, The frequency of annotation edit distance (AED) scores for the assemblies of quinoa (blue), C. pallidicaule (red) and C. suecicum (green).
Frequency of SNPs in the sequenced quinoa accessions, relative to the reference quinoa genome assembly, in a 1 Mb window size. y axis scale is from 0 to 10,000 SNPs. The innermost track shows scaffolds arranged according to their placement in the linkage groups, with scaffolds coloured according to sub genome assignment based on mapping sequencing reads from C. pallidicaule and C. suecicum, as in Fig. 2a. From inside to outside, the remaining tracks show SNPs in PI 634921, Atlas, CICA 17, fake clover earrings van cleef Carina Red, Cherry Vanilla, Chucapaca, G 205 95DK, Ku 2, Kurmi, 0654, Ollague, Pasankalla, Real, Regalona and Salcedo INIA.
Twelve individual seeds of 17 bitter lines, and 12 pooled seeds from each of 16 sweet lines were analysed for derivatized saponins using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Data for sweet lines, including parent 0654, were consolidated into one box plot (Sweet). Box plots show median values (solid horizontal lines), 25th and 75th percentile values (box), 90th percentile values (whiskers) and outlier values (open circles). Quantification was performed using standards of oleanolic acid. Letters above each box plot represent statistically significant (P differences between groups based on Games Howell post hoc test.
a, Representative scanning electron microscopy image of a quinoa seed cross section, showing an example of a region (white box) from which measurements were taken. Scale bar, 1mm. b, Representative scanning electron microscopy image showing measurements of inner and outer seed coat layers. Scale bar, 30m c, Thickness of the internal seed coat layer in bitter and sweet lines. d, Thickness of the external seed coat layer in bitter and sweet lines. Letters above each box plot represent statistically significant (P differences between groups based on ANOVA. Box plots show median values (solid horizontal lines), 25th and 75th percentile values (box), 90th percentile values (whiskers) and outlier values (open circles). n=91, 160, 54, and 129 for internal bitter, internal sweet, external bitter, and external sweet, respectively.
a, Maximum likelihood tree of select bHLH peptide sequences from quinoa, Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula, showing the close evolutionary relationship between the quinoa bHLH TSARL1 (AUR62017204) and the M. truncatula bHLHs TSAR1 and TSAR2 (MEDTR7G080780 and MEDTR4G066460, respectively). Branch values represent the percentage of 500 bootstrap replicates that support the topology. Subclades of the bHLH family, as defined in A. thaliana, are indicated on the right. b, Sequence alignment of TSARL bHLH sequences. Underlined blue, bHLH homology domain (solid line, helix; dashed line, loop). Underlined red, C terminal domain. Boxed, residues that confer specificity to E box DNA binding. Green boxed Arg, residue that selects for the central CG dinucleotide. AUR62017204_AS designates the alternatively spliced protein. c, Schematic drawing of full length TSARL1 (AUR62017204). Dashed lines indicate regions predicted to be flexible. Boxed region shows C terminal domain lost in alternative splice variant. d, Zoomed in view of the black dashed box in c, showing TSARL1 specifically binding the CACGHG motif.
a, Screenshot from Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) showing read alignment results in a 3 kb region (track 1, top) around TSARL1 (track 5, bottom). Shown are alignments for Atlas (track 2), Carina Red (track 3), and the merged F2 sweet lines (track 4). In tracks 2 4, the top portion shows coverage, and the bottom portion shows individual reads. The F2 merged data (track 4) shows evidence of three structural variants (labelled A, B and C) relative to the reference, whereas Atlas (track 2) only shows evidence of the G2078C SNP (labelled D). b, c, Screenshots from IGV showing before (a) and after (b) local re assembly of the reference sequence to include the B insertion site shown in panel a, illustrating the effect on read mapping from the merged F2 sweet lines. The dips in coverage and disconcordantly mapped reads (indicated by colours assigned to the reads) around this insertion site are resolved after re assembly.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd., 2n=4x=36) is a highly nutritious crop that is adapted to thrive in a wide range of agroecosystems. It was presumably first domesticated more than 7,000 years ago by pre Columbian cultures and was known as the 'mother grain' of the Incan Empire1. Quinoa has adapted to the high plains of the Andean Altiplano ( above sea level), where it has developed tolerance to several abiotic stresses2, 3, 4. Quinoa has gained international attention because of the nutritional value of its seeds, which are gluten free, have a low glycaemic index5, and contain an excellent balance of essential amino acids, fibre, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals6. Quinoa has the potential to provide a highly nutritious food source that can be grown on marginal lands not currently suitable for other major crops. This potential was recognized when the United Nations declared 2013 as the International Year of Quinoa, this being one of only three times a plant has received such a designation.
Despite its agronomic potential, quinoa is still an underutilized crop7, with relatively few active breeding programs8. Breeding efforts to improve the crop for important agronomic traits are needed to expand quinoa production worldwide. To accelerate the improvement of quinoa, we present here the allotetraploid quinoa genome. We demonstrate the utility of the genome sequence by identifying a gene that probably regulates the presence of seed triterpenoid saponin content. Moreover, we sequenced the genomes of additional diploid and tetraploid Chenopodium species to characterize genetic diversity within the primary germplasm pool for quinoa and to understand sub genome evolution in quinoa. Together, these resources provide the foundation for accelerating the genetic improvement of the crop, with the objective of enhancing global food security for a growing world population.
We sequenced and assembled the genome of the coastal Chilean quinoa accession PI 614886 (BioSample accession code SAMN04338310) using single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing technology from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and optical and chromosome contact maps from BioNano Genomics9 and Dovetail Genomics10. The assembly contains 3,486 scaffolds, with a scaffold N50 of 3.84 Mb and 90% of the assembled genome contained in 439 scaffolds (Table 1). The total assembly size of 1.39 gigabases (Gb) is similar to the reported size estimates of the quinoa genome (1.45 1.50 Gb (refs 11,12)). To combine scaffolds into pseudomolecules, an existing linkage map from quinoa13 was integrated with two new linkage maps. The resulting map (Extended Data Fig. 1) of 6,403 unique markers spans a total length of 2,034 centimorgans (cM) and consists of 18 linkage groups (Supplementary Table 7), corresponding to the haploid chromosome number of quinoa. Pseudomolecules (hereafter referred to as chromosomes, which are numbered according to a previously published single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linkage map13) were created by anchoring 565 scaffolds to the linkage map, representing 1.18 Gb (85%) of the total assembly length (Table 1, Supplementary Data 1, Supplementary Data 2). This assembly represents a substantial improvement over the previously published quinoa draft genome sequence, which contained more than 24,000 scaffolds with 25% missing data14.
Predicted protein coding and microRNA genes (Supplementary Table 4) were annotated using a combination of ab initio prediction and transcript evidence gathered from RNA sequenced from multiple tissues using both RNA seq and PacBio isoform sequencing (Iso Seq) approaches (Extended Data Fig. 2a). The annotation contains 44,776 gene models (Supplementary Table 2, Extended Data Fig. 2b), which is in line with sequenced tetraploid species15, and includes 33,365 genes with annotation edit distance (AED)16, 17 values0.3 (Extended Data Fig. 2c). Of the genome, 64% was found to be repetitive, including a large proportion of long terminal repeat (LTR) transposable elements (Supplementary Table 1). A majority (97.3%) of the 956 genes in the Plantae BUSCO dataset18 were identified in the annotation (Supplementary Table 3), which is suggestive of a complete assembly and annotation. The utility of the assembly, linkage maps, and annotation was demonstrated by mapping the betalain locus and identifying candidate genes underlying stem pigmentation (Supplementary Information 7.1.6), which is often used as a morphological marker in breeding programs.
Quinoa resulted from the hybridization of ancestral A and B genome diploid species19. Single gene sequencing studies previously identified pools of North American and Eurasian diploids as candidate sources of the A and B sub genomes, respectively20, 21, 22, with hybridization occurring somewhere in North America. To understand genome structure and evolution in quinoa further, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the A genome diploid C. pallidicaule (commonly called caahua or kaiwa) and the B genome diploid C. suecicum21 (Fig. 1a, Table 1). A high proportion of orthologous gene pairs in quinoa showed similar rates of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks), indicative of a whole genome duplication event (Fig. 1b). This probably represents the hybridization of ancestral diploid species, because a similar peak was not observed in C. pallidicaule or C. suecicum (Fig. 1b). Using mutation rates calculated for Arabidopsis thaliana23 and for core eukaryotes24, we estimate the tetraploidization to have occurred 3.3 6.3 million years ago.
a, Seeds of C. suecicum, C. pallidicaule and quinoa. b, The proportion of gene pairs in each species binned according to Ks values. c, Maximum likelihood tree generated from 3,132 SNPs. Black branches, diploid species. Coloured branches, tetraploid species: red, quinoa; blue, C. berlandieri; yellow, C. hircinum. Branch values represent the percentage of 1,000 bootstrap replicates that support the topology. Scale bar represents substitutions per site. d, Evolutionary relationships of Chenopodium species, showing the hypothesized long range dispersal of an ancestral C. berlandieri to South America, and the eventual domestication of quinoa from C. hircinum, either from a single event that gave rise to highland and subsequently coastal quinoa (1), or in two events that gave rise to highland (2a) and coastal (2b) quinoa independently. Blue, red and yellow shading represents the geographic distribution of C. berlandieri, quinoa and C. hircinum, respectively.
Multiple interfertile tetraploid species have arisen from the ancestral tetraploid following hybridization, including C. berlandieri and C. hircinum, although the evolutionary relationships among quinoa and its diploid and tetraploid relatives remain unclear25. To begin to resolve these issues, we re sequenced 15 additional quinoa samples representing the two major recognized groups of quinoa: highland and coastal (Supplementary Data 5). We also sequenced fake van cleef & arpels earrings five accessions of C. berlandieri and one accession each of C. hircinum from the Pacific and Atlantic Andean watersheds (Supplementary Data 5). Phylogenetic analysis of these taxa indicates that North American C. berlandieri is the basal member of the species complex (Fig. 1c). Quinoa was thought to have been domesticated from C. hircinum in a single event, from which coastal quinoa was later derived (Fig. 1d, arrow 1); however, our sequencing data place a C. hircinum sample basal to coastal ecotypes (Fig. 1c), suggesting the possibility that quinoa was domesticated independently in highland and coastal environments (Fig. 1d, arrows 2a and 2b, respectively). Future analyses with deeper sampling of quinoa and C. hircinum will help clarify the relationship between C. hircinum and quinoa, as well as provide germplasm for breeding broadly adapted coastal quinoa cultivars for warm season production. The SNPs identified between these accessions and the reference quinoa genome a total of 7,809,381 (Extended Data Fig. 3, Supplementary Table 5), including 2,668,694 that are specific to quinoa will be useful in assessing genetic diversity and identifying genomic regions associated with desirable traits.
By mapping sequencing reads from C. pallidicaule and C. suecicum onto the quinoa scaffold assembly, and by performing BLASTN searches of each diploid against the quinoa assembly, 156 and 410 quinoa scaffolds (totalling 202.6 and 646.3 Mb) were assigned to the A and B sub genomes, respectively (Fig. 2a, Supplementary Data 6). A mini satellite repeat (18 24J) previously shown to be more abundant in the B sub genome26 is over represented in scaffolds assigned to the B sub genome (Supplementary Data 6). Nine chromosomes were assigned to each sub genome (chromosomes hereafter designated as CqA or CqB, followed by the chromosome number), with the B sub genome accounting for a larger percentage of both the genetic (1,087 cM) and physical (660 Mb) sizes than the A sub genome (946 cM, 524 Mb). This result was not unexpected, given the differences in the estimated genome sizes of C. suecicum (815 Mb) and C. pallidicaule (452 Mb) based on k mer analyses.
a, Blue lines and green lines connect regions of the C. pallidicaule and C. suecicum genomes, respectively, with their orthologous regions in the quinoa genome based on BLASTN. Quinoa scaffolds are arranged
Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) is a highly nutritious grain identified as an important crop to improve world food security. Unfortunately, few resources are available to facilitate its genetic improvement. Here we report the assembly of a high quality, chromosome scale reference genome sequence for quinoa, which was produced using single molecule real time sequencing in combination with optical, chromosome contact and genetic maps. We also report the sequencing of two diploids from the ancestral gene pools of quinoa, which enables the identification of sub genomes in quinoa, and reduced coverage genome sequences for 22 other samples of the allotetraploid goosefoot complex. The genome sequence facilitated the identification of the transcription factor likely to control the production of anti nutritional triterpenoid saponins found in quinoa seeds, including a mutation that appears to cause alternative splicing and a premature stop codon in sweet quinoa strains. These genomic resources are an important first step towards the genetic improvement of quinoa.
a, Seeds of C. suecicum, C. pallidicaule and quinoa. b, The proportion of gene pairs in each species binned according to Ks values. c, Maximum likelihood tree generated from 3,132 SNPs. Black branches, diploid species. Coloured branches, tetraploid species: red, quinoa; blue, C. berlandieri; yellow, C. hircinum. Branch values represent the percentage of 1,000 bootstrap replicates that support the topology. Scale bar represents substitutions per site. d, Evolutionary relationships of Chenopodium species, showing the hypothesized long range dispersal of an ancestral C. berlandieri to South America, and the eventual domestication of quinoa from C. hircinum, either from a single event that gave rise to highland and subsequently coastal quinoa (1), or in two events that gave rise to highland (2a) and coastal (2b) quinoa independently. Blue, red and yellow shading represents the geographic distribution of C. berlandieri, quinoa and C. hircinum, respectively.
a, Blue lines and green lines connect regions of the C. pallidicaule and C. suecicum genomes, respectively, with their orthologous regions in the quinoa genome based on BLASTN. Quinoa scaffolds are arranged based on their positions in linkage groups, with blue and green coloured bars indicating sub genome assignment based on mapped reads from the two diploid species. Scaffolds that could not be unambiguously assigned to a sub genome based on read mapping are shown in white. Grey bars separate neighbouring scaffolds. b, Homoeologous gene pairs in the A (blue chromosomes) and B (green chromosomes) sub genomes. c, Simplified representation of synteny between CqA12, CqB05, CqB03 and CqA10. Dotted lines connect large scale syntenic regions between the A (blue) and B (green) sub genomes. The scale bar indicates approximate positions defining the indicated syntenic blocks. For purposes of visualization, CqB05 and CqA10 were inverted. d, Syntenic relationships between B. vulgaris and the A and B sub genomes of quinoa. Colours distinguish quinoa regions syntenic to each B. vulgaris chromosome. Blue and green quinoa chromosomes indicate the A and B sub genomes, respectively.
a, The number of orthologous protein coding gene clusters shared between or unique to quinoa, C. pallidicaule, C. suecicum and B. vulgaris. b, The number of gene sets for which each gene has been retained as a single copy in each genome/sub genome (middle), or lost from the quinoa A (left) or B (right) sub genome. c, Maximum likelihood tree of flowering locus T (FT) sequences, indicating the presence of two sets of orthologues in quinoa and B. vulgaris. The tree is rooted on the branch containing FT from A. thaliana. Branch values represent the percentage of 1,000 bootstrap replicates that support the topology. Scale bar represents substitutions per site.
a, Imaging mass spectrometry visualization of selected masses, including saponins in the pericarp of a quinoa seed. Purple gradient bar, tentative phosphatidylcholine (34:1), ([M+Na]+ m/z=782.5610, calc. error); yellow gradient bar, tentative triacylglycerol (54:6), ([M+K]+ m/z=917.6971, calc. error); green gradient bar indicates a representative saponin phytolaccagenic acid with sugar chains hexose pentose hexose ([M+K]+ m/z=1173.5114, calc. error). Coloured bars represent the ion signal intensity scaled from 0% (bottom) to 50% (top) of maximum signal. Scale bars, 500m. b, Accumulation of saponins as measured by total acids during seed development. Illustrations represent fruit development at 12 and 24 days after anthesis. n=6, 5, 5 and 5, respectively, for 12, 16, 20 and 24 days after anthesis. c, The percentage difference in allele frequency of sweet progeny compared to bitter progeny in the Kurmi0654 (top) and AtlasCarina Red (bottom) populations. Alternating red and blue dots indicate positions of markers along alternating chromosomes, with unmapped markers in chromosome 0 shown in grey. Asterisk above the top panel indicates the approximate position of TSARL1. d, The saponin biosynthetic pathway, showing enzymes that catalyse each step of the pathway and the quinoa gene ID for genes encoding each enzyme. Boxes surrounding each gene ID are coloured according to their fold change in expression (log2) in sweet lines compared to bitter lines of Kurmi0654. Horizontal lines to the left of each gene ID represent the 2 kb region upstream of the start codon of each gene, with tick marks indicating the positions of motifs putatively recognized by TSARL1. e, Gene models of TSARL1 in bitter and sweet lines. Red asterisk, premature stop codon in sweet lines of Kurmi0654.
a, Representative gene model showing mapped RNA sequencing reads generated using Illumina or isoform sequencing technologies. The top and middle panels show isoform sequencing and RNA seq reads, respectively, that have been mapped to the chromosomal location containing the AUR62017258 gene model, which is shown on the bottom panel. Light grey lines in the top two panels indicate regions where reads were split to indicate introns positions. Full length isoform sequencing reads were able to span the 5 untranslated region, all exons, and the 3 untranslated region in a single read. b, Gene density and GC% in 100 kb windows in quinoa chromosomes. c, The frequency of annotation edit distance (AED) scores for the assemblies of quinoa (blue), C. pallidicaule (red) and C. suecicum (green).
Frequency of SNPs in the sequenced quinoa accessions, relative to the reference quinoa genome assembly, in a 1 Mb window size. y axis scale is from 0 to 10,000 SNPs. The innermost track shows scaffolds arranged according to their placement in the linkage groups, with scaffolds coloured according to sub genome assignment based on mapping sequencing reads from C. pallidicaule and C. suecicum, as in Fig. 2a. From inside to outside, the remaining tracks show SNPs in PI 634921, Atlas, CICA 17, fake clover earrings van cleef Carina Red, Cherry Vanilla, Chucapaca, G 205 95DK, Ku 2, Kurmi, 0654, Ollague, Pasankalla, Real, Regalona and Salcedo INIA.
Twelve individual seeds of 17 bitter lines, and 12 pooled seeds from each of 16 sweet lines were analysed for derivatized saponins using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Data for sweet lines, including parent 0654, were consolidated into one box plot (Sweet). Box plots show median values (solid horizontal lines), 25th and 75th percentile values (box), 90th percentile values (whiskers) and outlier values (open circles). Quantification was performed using standards of oleanolic acid. Letters above each box plot represent statistically significant (P differences between groups based on Games Howell post hoc test.
a, Representative scanning electron microscopy image of a quinoa seed cross section, showing an example of a region (white box) from which measurements were taken. Scale bar, 1mm. b, Representative scanning electron microscopy image showing measurements of inner and outer seed coat layers. Scale bar, 30m c, Thickness of the internal seed coat layer in bitter and sweet lines. d, Thickness of the external seed coat layer in bitter and sweet lines. Letters above each box plot represent statistically significant (P differences between groups based on ANOVA. Box plots show median values (solid horizontal lines), 25th and 75th percentile values (box), 90th percentile values (whiskers) and outlier values (open circles). n=91, 160, 54, and 129 for internal bitter, internal sweet, external bitter, and external sweet, respectively.
a, Maximum likelihood tree of select bHLH peptide sequences from quinoa, Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula, showing the close evolutionary relationship between the quinoa bHLH TSARL1 (AUR62017204) and the M. truncatula bHLHs TSAR1 and TSAR2 (MEDTR7G080780 and MEDTR4G066460, respectively). Branch values represent the percentage of 500 bootstrap replicates that support the topology. Subclades of the bHLH family, as defined in A. thaliana, are indicated on the right. b, Sequence alignment of TSARL bHLH sequences. Underlined blue, bHLH homology domain (solid line, helix; dashed line, loop). Underlined red, C terminal domain. Boxed, residues that confer specificity to E box DNA binding. Green boxed Arg, residue that selects for the central CG dinucleotide. AUR62017204_AS designates the alternatively spliced protein. c, Schematic drawing of full length TSARL1 (AUR62017204). Dashed lines indicate regions predicted to be flexible. Boxed region shows C terminal domain lost in alternative splice variant. d, Zoomed in view of the black dashed box in c, showing TSARL1 specifically binding the CACGHG motif.
a, Screenshot from Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) showing read alignment results in a 3 kb region (track 1, top) around TSARL1 (track 5, bottom). Shown are alignments for Atlas (track 2), Carina Red (track 3), and the merged F2 sweet lines (track 4). In tracks 2 4, the top portion shows coverage, and the bottom portion shows individual reads. The F2 merged data (track 4) shows evidence of three structural variants (labelled A, B and C) relative to the reference, whereas Atlas (track 2) only shows evidence of the G2078C SNP (labelled D). b, c, Screenshots from IGV showing before (a) and after (b) local re assembly of the reference sequence to include the B insertion site shown in panel a, illustrating the effect on read mapping from the merged F2 sweet lines. The dips in coverage and disconcordantly mapped reads (indicated by colours assigned to the reads) around this insertion site are resolved after re assembly.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd., 2n=4x=36) is a highly nutritious crop that is adapted to thrive in a wide range of agroecosystems. It was presumably first domesticated more than 7,000 years ago by pre Columbian cultures and was known as the 'mother grain' of the Incan Empire1. Quinoa has adapted to the high plains of the Andean Altiplano ( above sea level), where it has developed tolerance to several abiotic stresses2, 3, 4. Quinoa has gained international attention because of the nutritional value of its seeds, which are gluten free, have a low glycaemic index5, and contain an excellent balance of essential amino acids, fibre, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals6. Quinoa has the potential to provide a highly nutritious food source that can be grown on marginal lands not currently suitable for other major crops. This potential was recognized when the United Nations declared 2013 as the International Year of Quinoa, this being one of only three times a plant has received such a designation.
Despite its agronomic potential, quinoa is still an underutilized crop7, with relatively few active breeding programs8. Breeding efforts to improve the crop for important agronomic traits are needed to expand quinoa production worldwide. To accelerate the improvement of quinoa, we present here the allotetraploid quinoa genome. We demonstrate the utility of the genome sequence by identifying a gene that probably regulates the presence of seed triterpenoid saponin content. Moreover, we sequenced the genomes of additional diploid and tetraploid Chenopodium species to characterize genetic diversity within the primary germplasm pool for quinoa and to understand sub genome evolution in quinoa. Together, these resources provide the foundation for accelerating the genetic improvement of the crop, with the objective of enhancing global food security for a growing world population.
We sequenced and assembled the genome of the coastal Chilean quinoa accession PI 614886 (BioSample accession code SAMN04338310) using single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing technology from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and optical and chromosome contact maps from BioNano Genomics9 and Dovetail Genomics10. The assembly contains 3,486 scaffolds, with a scaffold N50 of 3.84 Mb and 90% of the assembled genome contained in 439 scaffolds (Table 1). The total assembly size of 1.39 gigabases (Gb) is similar to the reported size estimates of the quinoa genome (1.45 1.50 Gb (refs 11,12)). To combine scaffolds into pseudomolecules, an existing linkage map from quinoa13 was integrated with two new linkage maps. The resulting map (Extended Data Fig. 1) of 6,403 unique markers spans a total length of 2,034 centimorgans (cM) and consists of 18 linkage groups (Supplementary Table 7), corresponding to the haploid chromosome number of quinoa. Pseudomolecules (hereafter referred to as chromosomes, which are numbered according to a previously published single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linkage map13) were created by anchoring 565 scaffolds to the linkage map, representing 1.18 Gb (85%) of the total assembly length (Table 1, Supplementary Data 1, Supplementary Data 2). This assembly represents a substantial improvement over the previously published quinoa draft genome sequence, which contained more than 24,000 scaffolds with 25% missing data14.
Predicted protein coding and microRNA genes (Supplementary Table 4) were annotated using a combination of ab initio prediction and transcript evidence gathered from RNA sequenced from multiple tissues using both RNA seq and PacBio isoform sequencing (Iso Seq) approaches (Extended Data Fig. 2a). The annotation contains 44,776 gene models (Supplementary Table 2, Extended Data Fig. 2b), which is in line with sequenced tetraploid species15, and includes 33,365 genes with annotation edit distance (AED)16, 17 values0.3 (Extended Data Fig. 2c). Of the genome, 64% was found to be repetitive, including a large proportion of long terminal repeat (LTR) transposable elements (Supplementary Table 1). A majority (97.3%) of the 956 genes in the Plantae BUSCO dataset18 were identified in the annotation (Supplementary Table 3), which is suggestive of a complete assembly and annotation. The utility of the assembly, linkage maps, and annotation was demonstrated by mapping the betalain locus and identifying candidate genes underlying stem pigmentation (Supplementary Information 7.1.6), which is often used as a morphological marker in breeding programs.
Quinoa resulted from the hybridization of ancestral A and B genome diploid species19. Single gene sequencing studies previously identified pools of North American and Eurasian diploids as candidate sources of the A and B sub genomes, respectively20, 21, 22, with hybridization occurring somewhere in North America. To understand genome structure and evolution in quinoa further, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the A genome diploid C. pallidicaule (commonly called caahua or kaiwa) and the B genome diploid C. suecicum21 (Fig. 1a, Table 1). A high proportion of orthologous gene pairs in quinoa showed similar rates of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks), indicative of a whole genome duplication event (Fig. 1b). This probably represents the hybridization of ancestral diploid species, because a similar peak was not observed in C. pallidicaule or C. suecicum (Fig. 1b). Using mutation rates calculated for Arabidopsis thaliana23 and for core eukaryotes24, we estimate the tetraploidization to have occurred 3.3 6.3 million years ago.
a, Seeds of C. suecicum, C. pallidicaule and quinoa. b, The proportion of gene pairs in each species binned according to Ks values. c, Maximum likelihood tree generated from 3,132 SNPs. Black branches, diploid species. Coloured branches, tetraploid species: red, quinoa; blue, C. berlandieri; yellow, C. hircinum. Branch values represent the percentage of 1,000 bootstrap replicates that support the topology. Scale bar represents substitutions per site. d, Evolutionary relationships of Chenopodium species, showing the hypothesized long range dispersal of an ancestral C. berlandieri to South America, and the eventual domestication of quinoa from C. hircinum, either from a single event that gave rise to highland and subsequently coastal quinoa (1), or in two events that gave rise to highland (2a) and coastal (2b) quinoa independently. Blue, red and yellow shading represents the geographic distribution of C. berlandieri, quinoa and C. hircinum, respectively.
Multiple interfertile tetraploid species have arisen from the ancestral tetraploid following hybridization, including C. berlandieri and C. hircinum, although the evolutionary relationships among quinoa and its diploid and tetraploid relatives remain unclear25. To begin to resolve these issues, we re sequenced 15 additional quinoa samples representing the two major recognized groups of quinoa: highland and coastal (Supplementary Data 5). We also sequenced fake van cleef & arpels earrings five accessions of C. berlandieri and one accession each of C. hircinum from the Pacific and Atlantic Andean watersheds (Supplementary Data 5). Phylogenetic analysis of these taxa indicates that North American C. berlandieri is the basal member of the species complex (Fig. 1c). Quinoa was thought to have been domesticated from C. hircinum in a single event, from which coastal quinoa was later derived (Fig. 1d, arrow 1); however, our sequencing data place a C. hircinum sample basal to coastal ecotypes (Fig. 1c), suggesting the possibility that quinoa was domesticated independently in highland and coastal environments (Fig. 1d, arrows 2a and 2b, respectively). Future analyses with deeper sampling of quinoa and C. hircinum will help clarify the relationship between C. hircinum and quinoa, as well as provide germplasm for breeding broadly adapted coastal quinoa cultivars for warm season production. The SNPs identified between these accessions and the reference quinoa genome a total of 7,809,381 (Extended Data Fig. 3, Supplementary Table 5), including 2,668,694 that are specific to quinoa will be useful in assessing genetic diversity and identifying genomic regions associated with desirable traits.
By mapping sequencing reads from C. pallidicaule and C. suecicum onto the quinoa scaffold assembly, and by performing BLASTN searches of each diploid against the quinoa assembly, 156 and 410 quinoa scaffolds (totalling 202.6 and 646.3 Mb) were assigned to the A and B sub genomes, respectively (Fig. 2a, Supplementary Data 6). A mini satellite repeat (18 24J) previously shown to be more abundant in the B sub genome26 is over represented in scaffolds assigned to the B sub genome (Supplementary Data 6). Nine chromosomes were assigned to each sub genome (chromosomes hereafter designated as CqA or CqB, followed by the chromosome number), with the B sub genome accounting for a larger percentage of both the genetic (1,087 cM) and physical (660 Mb) sizes than the A sub genome (946 cM, 524 Mb). This result was not unexpected, given the differences in the estimated genome sizes of C. suecicum (815 Mb) and C. pallidicaule (452 Mb) based on k mer analyses.
a, Blue lines and green lines connect regions of the C. pallidicaule and C. suecicum genomes, respectively, with their orthologous regions in the quinoa genome based on BLASTN. Quinoa scaffolds are arranged
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