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Still Close With Their Ex
Think of all the former couples you know. Now think of the ones you know who have managed to remain friends. We're guessing you can count the number who are still close on one hand and even that seems like a stretch.
Yep, it's the rarefied pair who can maintain a civil relationship with one another after a marriage ends, so much so that when a couple does stay close think Courteney Cox and David Arquette we stand back in awe and wonder, "How'd they pull that one off?"
But it is possible. We asked our readers to tell us how they were able to put aside their differences and maintain a close bond with their exes after a split. Scroll down for six real life stories from women who are still friends with their exes, whether for the sake of the kids or out of respect for the love they once shared, then head to the comments and tell us what your relationship is like with your ex today.
"The beginning of my relationship with my ex husband was friendship. We graduated from high school together in 1985, had mutual friends and very similar experiences growing up in a small California town. We have deep connections and I think this is one reason why we are still close, besides the main reason: our beautiful children. We both love our girls. Our divorce did not change that. We want what is the very best for them. That meant redefining parenting. It meant supporting each other in our parenting decisions even if we didn't necessarily agree. It also meant continuing our friendship, showing affection and respect to one another, not just when the kids were around, but always." Mimi Hirstein, Hawaii
"Six years after a brutal divorce (the worst kind of bitter fighting, adultery, jail), my ex and I now live in different apartments in the same building. We talk or text about our kids every day; we travel together to gymnastic meets and hockey games; occasionally call the replica van cleef diamond bracelet other to talk about our romantic lives or personal worries; I even send up cooked meals sometimes. The other day I gave him the name and number of a trusted handyman, and with the contact I said, "Let him know we're family." Because we are, and we always will be.
Why? I'd say it comes down to two things: for me, the saying 'you're only as happy as your least happy child' also applies to my ex husband. If he's not happy, my kids won't be happy. And if my kids aren't happy, I can't be happy. He's a devoted father, and I want to honor that, both for him and for our children. They deserve to feel and know that we will all always love each other. And second: life is too precious to live with hatred. He and I have learned to forgive each other, and in doing that we came to forgive ourselves, and that's a hugely better place to be. You can't have too much love." Nina Collins, New York
"I've been divorced since 2002 but my ex and I have always maintained a close friendship. We were best friends throughout our marriage and even when we knew the marriage wasn't going to last, we didn't want to give up the friendship. We stay in touch primarily through text, but also talk on the phone and are friends on Facebook. We have dinner or lunch on occasion and still exchange Christmas gifts. We discuss current events, his kids, my kid, and the status of our relationships. If I'd ever get re married, he would be the one to give me away. All of this hasn't been easy at times and we had to work through the residual grief and anger of the divorce. But it's been worth it." Brenda Stone, North Carolina
"Don't get me wrong: It didn't start out this way. He walked out on me, with no warning, leaving me with bills, rent to pay and no job (I'm disabled). It took some time for me to forgive him and for my daughter to forgive him as well. But as time passed, we started to text each other, talking about the kids, or something funny we saw, and it just grew back into a friendship from there. Now he comes into the house to get our daughter and he helps me with things around the house. I think our friendship has helped our daughter get along with her dad a little better, too. I find being friends with him takes up a lot less energy than feeling that ache of hatred and anger." Krissy VanNest, New Hampshire
"I hope my ex will always be my friend. After the split, I never slandered or bad mouthed him to others, because I knew doing so would be hurtful, negative and unproductive to moving forward (though some unacceptable behavior did occur during our marriage). We both knew that the most important thing to us was our boys and they are the main reason we remain close. We share holidays and birthdays together. We discuss their expenses openly and calmly, and try to be fair with each other. We've even been able to talk about dating and girlfriends/boyfriends. Our children are happy, calm and have assimilated into our new lives incredibly well, with little drama and resentment. I am so happy that my ex and I are close, and truly couldn't imagine it being any other way!
The only piece of advice I would give to anyone considering divorce is to try to stay friends, for the sake of the kids, if nothing else." Julie Weidenfeld, Florida
"When my ex and I divorced, we both agreed that we would not use the children to get back at each other, and we never strayed from this even when we had a few rough patches. We still talked with each other as friends because we still had a lot in common and actually liked each other. We both remarried and eventually we started celebrating Christmas, Easter and all the birthdays together we thought that our little boy sweet alhambra bracelet fake should be with his siblings at such times, and we all liked each other's company anyway.
Two years ago my ex became very ill and eventually died. For a while he developed dementia and a couple of times I went to stay the day with him when his wife was working long shifts as a nurse and didn't want to leave him alone for too long. At the funeral, my husband, who is an amateur singer and guitarist, was asked to sing and play in the church. We have all felt very privileged to have this extended family and I only wish others could do the same. Of course, my ex and I were lucky that we actually still liked each other and knock off vca alhambra bracelet that there wasn't anyone else involved when we divorced, but we were also very lucky that our new partners were not the jealous types. I know this all sounds like a fairytale, but it is true." Ulla Jessen, Denmark
Think of all the former couples you know. Now think of the ones you know who have managed to remain friends. We're guessing you can count the number who are still close on one hand and even that seems like a stretch.
Yep, it's the rarefied pair who can maintain a civil relationship with one another after a marriage ends, so much so that when a couple does stay close think Courteney Cox and David Arquette we stand back in awe and wonder, "How'd they pull that one off?"
But it is possible. We asked our readers to tell us how they were able to put aside their differences and maintain a close bond with their exes after a split. Scroll down for six real life stories from women who are still friends with their exes, whether for the sake of the kids or out of respect for the love they once shared, then head to the comments and tell us what your relationship is like with your ex today.
"The beginning of my relationship with my ex husband was friendship. We graduated from high school together in 1985, had mutual friends and very similar experiences growing up in a small California town. We have deep connections and I think this is one reason why we are still close, besides the main reason: our beautiful children. We both love our girls. Our divorce did not change that. We want what is the very best for them. That meant redefining parenting. It meant supporting each other in our parenting decisions even if we didn't necessarily agree. It also meant continuing our friendship, showing affection and respect to one another, not just when the kids were around, but always." Mimi Hirstein, Hawaii
"Six years after a brutal divorce (the worst kind of bitter fighting, adultery, jail), my ex and I now live in different apartments in the same building. We talk or text about our kids every day; we travel together to gymnastic meets and hockey games; occasionally call the replica van cleef diamond bracelet other to talk about our romantic lives or personal worries; I even send up cooked meals sometimes. The other day I gave him the name and number of a trusted handyman, and with the contact I said, "Let him know we're family." Because we are, and we always will be.
Why? I'd say it comes down to two things: for me, the saying 'you're only as happy as your least happy child' also applies to my ex husband. If he's not happy, my kids won't be happy. And if my kids aren't happy, I can't be happy. He's a devoted father, and I want to honor that, both for him and for our children. They deserve to feel and know that we will all always love each other. And second: life is too precious to live with hatred. He and I have learned to forgive each other, and in doing that we came to forgive ourselves, and that's a hugely better place to be. You can't have too much love." Nina Collins, New York
"I've been divorced since 2002 but my ex and I have always maintained a close friendship. We were best friends throughout our marriage and even when we knew the marriage wasn't going to last, we didn't want to give up the friendship. We stay in touch primarily through text, but also talk on the phone and are friends on Facebook. We have dinner or lunch on occasion and still exchange Christmas gifts. We discuss current events, his kids, my kid, and the status of our relationships. If I'd ever get re married, he would be the one to give me away. All of this hasn't been easy at times and we had to work through the residual grief and anger of the divorce. But it's been worth it." Brenda Stone, North Carolina
"Don't get me wrong: It didn't start out this way. He walked out on me, with no warning, leaving me with bills, rent to pay and no job (I'm disabled). It took some time for me to forgive him and for my daughter to forgive him as well. But as time passed, we started to text each other, talking about the kids, or something funny we saw, and it just grew back into a friendship from there. Now he comes into the house to get our daughter and he helps me with things around the house. I think our friendship has helped our daughter get along with her dad a little better, too. I find being friends with him takes up a lot less energy than feeling that ache of hatred and anger." Krissy VanNest, New Hampshire
"I hope my ex will always be my friend. After the split, I never slandered or bad mouthed him to others, because I knew doing so would be hurtful, negative and unproductive to moving forward (though some unacceptable behavior did occur during our marriage). We both knew that the most important thing to us was our boys and they are the main reason we remain close. We share holidays and birthdays together. We discuss their expenses openly and calmly, and try to be fair with each other. We've even been able to talk about dating and girlfriends/boyfriends. Our children are happy, calm and have assimilated into our new lives incredibly well, with little drama and resentment. I am so happy that my ex and I are close, and truly couldn't imagine it being any other way!
The only piece of advice I would give to anyone considering divorce is to try to stay friends, for the sake of the kids, if nothing else." Julie Weidenfeld, Florida
"When my ex and I divorced, we both agreed that we would not use the children to get back at each other, and we never strayed from this even when we had a few rough patches. We still talked with each other as friends because we still had a lot in common and actually liked each other. We both remarried and eventually we started celebrating Christmas, Easter and all the birthdays together we thought that our little boy sweet alhambra bracelet fake should be with his siblings at such times, and we all liked each other's company anyway.
Two years ago my ex became very ill and eventually died. For a while he developed dementia and a couple of times I went to stay the day with him when his wife was working long shifts as a nurse and didn't want to leave him alone for too long. At the funeral, my husband, who is an amateur singer and guitarist, was asked to sing and play in the church. We have all felt very privileged to have this extended family and I only wish others could do the same. Of course, my ex and I were lucky that we actually still liked each other and knock off vca alhambra bracelet that there wasn't anyone else involved when we divorced, but we were also very lucky that our new partners were not the jealous types. I know this all sounds like a fairytale, but it is true." Ulla Jessen, Denmark
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Reliability and validity of measures taken during the Chester step test to predict aerobic power and to prescribe aerobic exercise
Objectives: To evaluate the reliability and validity of measures taken during the Chester step test (CST) used to predict VO2max and prescribe subsequent exercise.Methods: The CST was performed twice on separate days by 7 males and 6 females aged 22.4 (SD 4.6) years. Heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured at each stage of the CST.Results: RPE, HR, and actual VO2 were the same at each stage for both trials but each of these measures was significantly different between CST stages (p2 at each CST stage during both trials showed errors ranging between 11% and 19%. Trial 1 underestimated actual VO2max by 2.8 ml/kg/min (p=0.006) and trial 2 by 1.6 ml/kg/min (not significant). The intertrial agreement in predicted VO2max was relatively narrow with a bias 95% LoA of 0.83.7 ml/kg/min. The RPE and %HRmax (actual) correlation improved with a second trial. At all CST stages in trial 2 RPE:%HRmax coefficients were significant with the highest correlations at CST stages III (r=0.78) and IV (r=0.84).Conclusion: CST VO2max prediction validity is questioned but the CST is reliable on a test retest basis. VO2max prediction error is due more to VO2 estimation error at each CST stage compared with error in age estimated HRmax. The HR/RPE relation at >50% VO2max reliably represents the recommended intensity for developing cardiorespiratory fitness, but only when a practice trial of the CST is first performed. The CST is one of many tests designed to provide a safe and practical means of assessing aerobic fitness under submaximal conditions. Examples of other similar tests include the Astrand Ryhming nomogram cycle ergometer protocol,2 the American College of Sports Medicine protocols for cycle ergometry and treadmill,3 and the Canadian standardised step test of fitness.4 The limited equipment needed (step, heart rate monitor, portable cassette or compact disk player, and perceived exertion scale) makes the CST very portable and requirements for space are minimal, which is advantageous compared with similar protocols using treadmills, shuttle walks, or cycle ergometers.To date, the validity of the CST has only been assessed in terms of its ability to predict VO2max compared with an actual VO2max, with the error in this ranging from 5% to 15%.5 The reliability of the CST predicted VO2max, on a test retest basis, has previously been assessed using the bias 95% LoA6 but this study did not assess the CST's validity via analysis of agreement between actual and predicted VO2max. Furthermore, no study to date has performed an in depth analysis of the reliability and validity of each measured component of the CST, which includes: heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), age estimated maximal heart rate (HRmax), and the estimated oxygen cost (VO2) of each testing stage. Analysing these components may provide clues to the factors that lead to the error in the predicted VO2max and provide information on how reliable these component measures are for prescribing subsequent exercise.The CST prediction of VO2max is based on the extrapolation of a "line of best fit", which passes through the submaximal heart rate responses for each stepping stage, up to a level which equals the participant's age estimated HRmax. At this point a vertical line is dropped down to the x axis of the graph, which represents the estimated VO2 for box stepping exercise. The assumptions of this predictive procedure include the following: that a linear relation exists between each stage of the CST with heart rate and with VO2; that HRmax and VO2max are coinciding events; and that maximal heart rate is equal to 220 minus the participant's age. The stepping intensity is a function of the step height and the stepping rate. Table 1 provides a summary of the estimated oxygen cost (VO2) for each of the five stages of the CST, for four different step heights. Thus, the present CST testing package (1998 onwards) is designed to be flexible in assessing people with a wide range of absolute aerobic fitness levels. This flexibility of the test has been achieved by the testing package having standardised criteria for choosing a step height, which relates to the clients' age and exercise training or physical activity history. Regardless of step height, the stepping rate for each stage is always the same (table 1). The stepping rate is set by a recorded metronome and guided verbal instructions, which are played on a cassette tape or compact disc.View this table:View inlineView popupRPE is used in conjunction with heart rate as an end point of the testing procedure as well as being recommended in the CST manual as a guide to prescribe the intensity of subsequent exercise. When the participant reaches 80% of age estimated HRmax and/or an RPE of 14 on Borg's 6 20 scale,7 he/she is told to stop the test.The CST therefore aims to fulfil two main purposes: (1) to predict VO2max as a means of grading a person's aerobic power, where this score can also act as a baseline against which improvement can be measured, and (2) the CST instruction manual recommends that the intensity component of a subsequent exercise prescription can be set by getting clients to associate their exercise training activities with the RPE they experienced during the CST at 60% and 80% of HRmax. It may even be considered that because the VO2 (estimated) at a given CST stage is known, other activities with a similar VO2 can be gauged in accordance with the estimates outlined by Ainsworth et al.8 These recommendations, however, assume that the relation between RPE, %HRmax, and a given VO2 are reliable, valid, and transferable to other activities.With regard to using CST data to prescribe subsequent exercise, no studies have been performed to assess the transferability of the heart rate RPE relation to other modes of activity. In order to do so, a two stage process is required. Firstly, an assessment of the reliability of the heart rate RPE relation during incremental box stepping activity is required. Secondly, if the first assumption is met, then an assessment can be made to evaluate whether similar exercise intensities for a given heart rate RPE relation during other modes of exercise can be assumed. This study includes the aim to assess the above first assumption, but we feel that the above second assumption is a whole study in itself. It van cleef and arpels gold bracelet fake is already known that for a given RPE during exercise with a variety of exercise modes or machines, there are significant differences in heart rate, %HRmax, VO2, %VO2max, and blood lactate.13 16 Such results might seem to preclude transferability but one must be reminded that these evaluations were performed during production mode RPE (RPE as the independent, controlling variable) and the assessment of RPE within this study is in estimation mode (RPE as dependent, response variable).Other studies still required, which involve box stepping, include assessing the heart rate RPE relation and prescriptive validity in participants being treated with adrenergic blocking medication ( blockers). For these individuals, due to the blunting of normal heart rate response by blockers, VO2max cannot be predicted from the present CST procedure. However, because it is known that at intensities 2max, the relation between RPE and work rate is unaltered by blockade,9 12 this may still allow the CST to show an improvement in fitness from reductions in heart and RPE for a given CST stage.Little has been reported on the reliability of heart rate and RPE, using analysis of agreement, during box stepping exercise. Efficacy and safety problems associated with potential inaccuracies in the reliability and validity of an age estimated HRmax and of RPE during the CST, could include clients either stopping the test prematurely or worse, overexerting themselves. Other problems affected by reliability include results showing an improvement in VO2max, when in fact the measured reduction in heart rate or RPE for a given CST stage that leads to this result is actually a function of a systematic error or bias, owing to factors such as practice or familiarisation with a testing procedure.17The reliability and validity of the estimated VO2 at each of the CST stages has also not been evaluated using analysis of agreement. Collectively, the reliability and validity of heart rate, estimated HRmax, and estimated VO2 for each CST stage all ultimately contribute to the accuracy of the predicted VO2max.The first aim of this study was therefore to assess the reliability of the following CST measures: predicted VO2max, heart rate, RPE, and actual VO2 at each CST stage, and the correlation between RPE and %HRmax and the correlation between RPE and %VO2max at each CST stage. The second aim of this study was to assess the validity of the measures taken from the CST by analysing the following factors: the age estimated versus the actual HRmax; the predicted versus the actual VO2max; the estimated versus actual VO2 at each CST stage, and the ability of a given %VO2max to be associated with its typically recommended RPE and %HRmax.3,18 Together these two aims will evaluate the validity of the CST in predicting VO2max, and provide a first step towards validating the use of the CST's heart rate RPE relation to prescribe aerobic exercise.Participants and study designFollowing formal ethical approval, written informed consent, and completion of a health screening physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR Q),3 15 university students volunteered to participate. Two participants were unable to complete both trials because of social obligations and thus 13 participants (seven male and six female) completed the full study. Descriptive data on the participants are summarised in table 2. The participants were all active in exercise or recreational sport, with participation frequencies of 1 3 times per week. None was a highly trained competitive athlete. Each participant performed the CST twice on two separate days at the same time of day, with the second test occurring 5 7 days after the first test. Within 24 hours before each test, participants ensured that eating patterns and food types eaten were the same, and that they did not participate in vigorous sport or exercise. Based on the CST manual recommendations1 for age and activity history, a 0.30 m step was chosen for this group of participants. The one procedure that was altered was the end point of the test, which was raised to 90% of age predicted HRmax and/or RPE 17. van cleef arpel bracelet fake This was done in order to get VO2 measures from as many stages of the CST as possible. VO2max was, however, predicted from the CST manual data sheet,1 using the points at or below the 80% of age estimated HRmax and employing the "line of best fit" linear graph extrapolation technique through the heart rates recorded at the end of each completed stage and the age estimated HRmax. All participants performed the CST using the movement techniques described in the CST manual and instructions on the cassette tape.View this table:View inlineView popupOn the third day, less than seven days after the second CST trial, all participants performed an incremental treadmill test to determine actual HRmax and VO2max in line with standardised procedures.3,19 The analysis equipment is explained in next section. Treadmill intensity for the maximal test was graduated in 2 minute intervals so as to reflect the stage intervals of the CST, except that participants continued on until volitional fatigue. It is typical for maximal tests to be performed at the beginning of a study's data collection process. We deliberately chose to test this at the end to prevent the participants from being familiarised with RPE under incremental maximal test conditions. In typical field applications of the CST, participants would not have the opportunity to be familiarised with RPE in this way, nor would it be safe or efficacious in many settings to carry out a maximal test. This aimed to promote the "ecological validity" of the study. Simply omitting the use of RPE in an initial incremental and maximal test would not have been in keeping with recommended practice. Even if RPE measurements were omitted from an initial incremental and maximal exercise test, participants would likely retain a recent experience of relating their psychophysical responses to a wide range of exercise intensities. This could influence their ability to rate exertion with subsequent exercise (for example, performing the CST).Heart rate, monitored via a wireless radiotelemetry chest strap and wristwatch system (Polar Electro, Kempele, Finland) and RPE using Borg's 6 20 scale,7 were recorded in the last 15 seconds of each testing stage. In the interest of participants' comfort and acknowledging their perceived physical state, they were given the option to report an RPE at any time. Heart rate data were kept out of view of the participants so they would not be able to associate these values with their RPE responses, which could influence their RPE heart rate relation in the second test. Participants were instructed in the use of RPE before each test using standardised instructions7,20 according to the following procedure:During each CST trial and during the maximal treadmill test the actual oxygen cost (VO2; ml/kg/min) of each testing stage was measured continuously via an online expired air analysis system (CPX/D Cardiopulmonary Exercise System, Medical Graphics, Minneapolis, MN, USA), which employed a low resistance pneumotach and a Pitot tube flow meter. Sampling frequency was set using an 8 second average technique, which has been shown to optimise acceptable error variability.21 The system was calibrated before testing each subject using a 3 l syringe for flow volumes across a wide range of flow rates and known gases for CO2 and O2. For the CST trials, the reported VO2 was the average over the last 30 seconds of each CST stage. The estimated van cleef bracelet knock off alhambra oxygen cost (VO2 in ml/kg/min) for each stage of the CST was taken from version three of the CST resource manual.1 The source of these VO2 estimations is not reported within the manual but they agree to within 1.5 ml/kg/min of the estimation calculation for stepping outlined by the American College of Sports Medicine.3 In either case, estimated VO2 is a function of the step height (m) and stepping rate (steps/min). The inter CST stage and intertrial differences for each of the three responses (RPE, heart rate, and VO2) were assessed using a two factor (trial by testing stage) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Objectives: To evaluate the reliability and validity of measures taken during the Chester step test (CST) used to predict VO2max and prescribe subsequent exercise.Methods: The CST was performed twice on separate days by 7 males and 6 females aged 22.4 (SD 4.6) years. Heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured at each stage of the CST.Results: RPE, HR, and actual VO2 were the same at each stage for both trials but each of these measures was significantly different between CST stages (p2 at each CST stage during both trials showed errors ranging between 11% and 19%. Trial 1 underestimated actual VO2max by 2.8 ml/kg/min (p=0.006) and trial 2 by 1.6 ml/kg/min (not significant). The intertrial agreement in predicted VO2max was relatively narrow with a bias 95% LoA of 0.83.7 ml/kg/min. The RPE and %HRmax (actual) correlation improved with a second trial. At all CST stages in trial 2 RPE:%HRmax coefficients were significant with the highest correlations at CST stages III (r=0.78) and IV (r=0.84).Conclusion: CST VO2max prediction validity is questioned but the CST is reliable on a test retest basis. VO2max prediction error is due more to VO2 estimation error at each CST stage compared with error in age estimated HRmax. The HR/RPE relation at >50% VO2max reliably represents the recommended intensity for developing cardiorespiratory fitness, but only when a practice trial of the CST is first performed. The CST is one of many tests designed to provide a safe and practical means of assessing aerobic fitness under submaximal conditions. Examples of other similar tests include the Astrand Ryhming nomogram cycle ergometer protocol,2 the American College of Sports Medicine protocols for cycle ergometry and treadmill,3 and the Canadian standardised step test of fitness.4 The limited equipment needed (step, heart rate monitor, portable cassette or compact disk player, and perceived exertion scale) makes the CST very portable and requirements for space are minimal, which is advantageous compared with similar protocols using treadmills, shuttle walks, or cycle ergometers.To date, the validity of the CST has only been assessed in terms of its ability to predict VO2max compared with an actual VO2max, with the error in this ranging from 5% to 15%.5 The reliability of the CST predicted VO2max, on a test retest basis, has previously been assessed using the bias 95% LoA6 but this study did not assess the CST's validity via analysis of agreement between actual and predicted VO2max. Furthermore, no study to date has performed an in depth analysis of the reliability and validity of each measured component of the CST, which includes: heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), age estimated maximal heart rate (HRmax), and the estimated oxygen cost (VO2) of each testing stage. Analysing these components may provide clues to the factors that lead to the error in the predicted VO2max and provide information on how reliable these component measures are for prescribing subsequent exercise.The CST prediction of VO2max is based on the extrapolation of a "line of best fit", which passes through the submaximal heart rate responses for each stepping stage, up to a level which equals the participant's age estimated HRmax. At this point a vertical line is dropped down to the x axis of the graph, which represents the estimated VO2 for box stepping exercise. The assumptions of this predictive procedure include the following: that a linear relation exists between each stage of the CST with heart rate and with VO2; that HRmax and VO2max are coinciding events; and that maximal heart rate is equal to 220 minus the participant's age. The stepping intensity is a function of the step height and the stepping rate. Table 1 provides a summary of the estimated oxygen cost (VO2) for each of the five stages of the CST, for four different step heights. Thus, the present CST testing package (1998 onwards) is designed to be flexible in assessing people with a wide range of absolute aerobic fitness levels. This flexibility of the test has been achieved by the testing package having standardised criteria for choosing a step height, which relates to the clients' age and exercise training or physical activity history. Regardless of step height, the stepping rate for each stage is always the same (table 1). The stepping rate is set by a recorded metronome and guided verbal instructions, which are played on a cassette tape or compact disc.View this table:View inlineView popupRPE is used in conjunction with heart rate as an end point of the testing procedure as well as being recommended in the CST manual as a guide to prescribe the intensity of subsequent exercise. When the participant reaches 80% of age estimated HRmax and/or an RPE of 14 on Borg's 6 20 scale,7 he/she is told to stop the test.The CST therefore aims to fulfil two main purposes: (1) to predict VO2max as a means of grading a person's aerobic power, where this score can also act as a baseline against which improvement can be measured, and (2) the CST instruction manual recommends that the intensity component of a subsequent exercise prescription can be set by getting clients to associate their exercise training activities with the RPE they experienced during the CST at 60% and 80% of HRmax. It may even be considered that because the VO2 (estimated) at a given CST stage is known, other activities with a similar VO2 can be gauged in accordance with the estimates outlined by Ainsworth et al.8 These recommendations, however, assume that the relation between RPE, %HRmax, and a given VO2 are reliable, valid, and transferable to other activities.With regard to using CST data to prescribe subsequent exercise, no studies have been performed to assess the transferability of the heart rate RPE relation to other modes of activity. In order to do so, a two stage process is required. Firstly, an assessment of the reliability of the heart rate RPE relation during incremental box stepping activity is required. Secondly, if the first assumption is met, then an assessment can be made to evaluate whether similar exercise intensities for a given heart rate RPE relation during other modes of exercise can be assumed. This study includes the aim to assess the above first assumption, but we feel that the above second assumption is a whole study in itself. It van cleef and arpels gold bracelet fake is already known that for a given RPE during exercise with a variety of exercise modes or machines, there are significant differences in heart rate, %HRmax, VO2, %VO2max, and blood lactate.13 16 Such results might seem to preclude transferability but one must be reminded that these evaluations were performed during production mode RPE (RPE as the independent, controlling variable) and the assessment of RPE within this study is in estimation mode (RPE as dependent, response variable).Other studies still required, which involve box stepping, include assessing the heart rate RPE relation and prescriptive validity in participants being treated with adrenergic blocking medication ( blockers). For these individuals, due to the blunting of normal heart rate response by blockers, VO2max cannot be predicted from the present CST procedure. However, because it is known that at intensities 2max, the relation between RPE and work rate is unaltered by blockade,9 12 this may still allow the CST to show an improvement in fitness from reductions in heart and RPE for a given CST stage.Little has been reported on the reliability of heart rate and RPE, using analysis of agreement, during box stepping exercise. Efficacy and safety problems associated with potential inaccuracies in the reliability and validity of an age estimated HRmax and of RPE during the CST, could include clients either stopping the test prematurely or worse, overexerting themselves. Other problems affected by reliability include results showing an improvement in VO2max, when in fact the measured reduction in heart rate or RPE for a given CST stage that leads to this result is actually a function of a systematic error or bias, owing to factors such as practice or familiarisation with a testing procedure.17The reliability and validity of the estimated VO2 at each of the CST stages has also not been evaluated using analysis of agreement. Collectively, the reliability and validity of heart rate, estimated HRmax, and estimated VO2 for each CST stage all ultimately contribute to the accuracy of the predicted VO2max.The first aim of this study was therefore to assess the reliability of the following CST measures: predicted VO2max, heart rate, RPE, and actual VO2 at each CST stage, and the correlation between RPE and %HRmax and the correlation between RPE and %VO2max at each CST stage. The second aim of this study was to assess the validity of the measures taken from the CST by analysing the following factors: the age estimated versus the actual HRmax; the predicted versus the actual VO2max; the estimated versus actual VO2 at each CST stage, and the ability of a given %VO2max to be associated with its typically recommended RPE and %HRmax.3,18 Together these two aims will evaluate the validity of the CST in predicting VO2max, and provide a first step towards validating the use of the CST's heart rate RPE relation to prescribe aerobic exercise.Participants and study designFollowing formal ethical approval, written informed consent, and completion of a health screening physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR Q),3 15 university students volunteered to participate. Two participants were unable to complete both trials because of social obligations and thus 13 participants (seven male and six female) completed the full study. Descriptive data on the participants are summarised in table 2. The participants were all active in exercise or recreational sport, with participation frequencies of 1 3 times per week. None was a highly trained competitive athlete. Each participant performed the CST twice on two separate days at the same time of day, with the second test occurring 5 7 days after the first test. Within 24 hours before each test, participants ensured that eating patterns and food types eaten were the same, and that they did not participate in vigorous sport or exercise. Based on the CST manual recommendations1 for age and activity history, a 0.30 m step was chosen for this group of participants. The one procedure that was altered was the end point of the test, which was raised to 90% of age predicted HRmax and/or RPE 17. van cleef arpel bracelet fake This was done in order to get VO2 measures from as many stages of the CST as possible. VO2max was, however, predicted from the CST manual data sheet,1 using the points at or below the 80% of age estimated HRmax and employing the "line of best fit" linear graph extrapolation technique through the heart rates recorded at the end of each completed stage and the age estimated HRmax. All participants performed the CST using the movement techniques described in the CST manual and instructions on the cassette tape.View this table:View inlineView popupOn the third day, less than seven days after the second CST trial, all participants performed an incremental treadmill test to determine actual HRmax and VO2max in line with standardised procedures.3,19 The analysis equipment is explained in next section. Treadmill intensity for the maximal test was graduated in 2 minute intervals so as to reflect the stage intervals of the CST, except that participants continued on until volitional fatigue. It is typical for maximal tests to be performed at the beginning of a study's data collection process. We deliberately chose to test this at the end to prevent the participants from being familiarised with RPE under incremental maximal test conditions. In typical field applications of the CST, participants would not have the opportunity to be familiarised with RPE in this way, nor would it be safe or efficacious in many settings to carry out a maximal test. This aimed to promote the "ecological validity" of the study. Simply omitting the use of RPE in an initial incremental and maximal test would not have been in keeping with recommended practice. Even if RPE measurements were omitted from an initial incremental and maximal exercise test, participants would likely retain a recent experience of relating their psychophysical responses to a wide range of exercise intensities. This could influence their ability to rate exertion with subsequent exercise (for example, performing the CST).Heart rate, monitored via a wireless radiotelemetry chest strap and wristwatch system (Polar Electro, Kempele, Finland) and RPE using Borg's 6 20 scale,7 were recorded in the last 15 seconds of each testing stage. In the interest of participants' comfort and acknowledging their perceived physical state, they were given the option to report an RPE at any time. Heart rate data were kept out of view of the participants so they would not be able to associate these values with their RPE responses, which could influence their RPE heart rate relation in the second test. Participants were instructed in the use of RPE before each test using standardised instructions7,20 according to the following procedure:During each CST trial and during the maximal treadmill test the actual oxygen cost (VO2; ml/kg/min) of each testing stage was measured continuously via an online expired air analysis system (CPX/D Cardiopulmonary Exercise System, Medical Graphics, Minneapolis, MN, USA), which employed a low resistance pneumotach and a Pitot tube flow meter. Sampling frequency was set using an 8 second average technique, which has been shown to optimise acceptable error variability.21 The system was calibrated before testing each subject using a 3 l syringe for flow volumes across a wide range of flow rates and known gases for CO2 and O2. For the CST trials, the reported VO2 was the average over the last 30 seconds of each CST stage. The estimated van cleef bracelet knock off alhambra oxygen cost (VO2 in ml/kg/min) for each stage of the CST was taken from version three of the CST resource manual.1 The source of these VO2 estimations is not reported within the manual but they agree to within 1.5 ml/kg/min of the estimation calculation for stepping outlined by the American College of Sports Medicine.3 In either case, estimated VO2 is a function of the step height (m) and stepping rate (steps/min). The inter CST stage and intertrial differences for each of the three responses (RPE, heart rate, and VO2) were assessed using a two factor (trial by testing stage) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
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Sona Petroleum stokes interest
EVEN in a suit and tie Datuk Seri Hadian Hashim looks like he would be more at ease in an oil rig out in the middle of the ocean.
A 30 year veteran in oil and gas (O Hadian spent much of the early years of his career as a well site engineer for Sarawak Shell Bhd offshore Sabah and Sarawak.
That experience is paying off for him today. Hadian has banded together with his friends from the industry, most of whom he has either worked with or for, to form Sona Petroleum Bhd, Malaysia third special purpose acquisition companies (SPAC) to list on the stock exchange in as many years.
For Hadian, clearly an operations man who prefers doing to talking, the track record of Sona Petroleum management speaks for itself.
SPACs have no operations, you have to rely on the management expertise. We have 300 years of O experience between us," the managing director of Sona Petroleum tells StarBizWeek in an interview.
"I have compiled an copy van cleef and arpels alhambra diamond necklace international team with skills in both upstream and downstream, across the exploration and production (E value chain, from drilling, reservoir engineering, field studies, greenfield and brownfield development, to contracting and procurement. And not just technical skills, but also banking, legal and corporate finance."
It isn a coincidence that the SPAC board is populated by international faces, including chairman Andreas Johannes Raymundus van Strijp, a Dutchman, as well as an Indonesian and Myanmar national.
Datuk Maznah Abdul Jalil, the company chief financial officer, was a key lieutenant to the late Tan Sri Yahaya Ahmad of DRB Hicom.
This diversity, Hadian notes, is deliberate. will come in handy when we negotiate for assets overseas. Petroleum is scheduled to make its debut on Bursa Malaysia on July 30 a day before Ranhill Energy and Resources Bhd RM753mil initial public offering (IPO), another highly anticipated listing this year.
SPACs are companies with no operations or income generating business at the point of IPO but undertake a listing for the purposes of acquiring operating companies or assets, termed as assets this hasn dented interest in Sona Petroleum.
The IPO, investment bankers say, has been all but a tough sell. StarBizWeek understands that overtures were made by high net worth individuals and several institutions for almost RM3bil worth of shares, far exceeding the RM550mil on offer.
With RM550mil as its fundraising target, Sona Petroleum is easily the most ambitious of all the SPACs. And if the early van cleef copy necklace indications prove to be true, it may also be the most successful.
The launch of its prospectus yesterday saw not only its bankers in attendance but also other luminaries of the financial world. Yvonne Chia, one of the most powerful vca alhambra necklace knock off women in finance and until recently the head of Hong Leong Bank Bhd, was front and centre.
Sona Petroleum, which aims to eventually make the transition to an independent E company, has already secured commitments from six institutions both local and foreign as cornerstone investors, making it the first SPAC to do so.
They are Hong Leong Asset Management Bhd, Hong Kong based hedge fund Segantii Capital and Davidson Kempner European Partners, along with the fund management houses of the three banks backing the listing: CIMB Principal Asset Management Bhd, Kenanga Investors Bhd and RHB Investment Management Sdn Bhd.
The cornerstones, who did not enjoy a discount to the 50 sen IPO price, have been apportioned 275 million shares out of the 959 million shares for institutions.
Industry observers believe Sona Petroleum appeal lay in it being one of the few upstream plays in a stock market dominated by O service providers, in spite of the fact that asset managers typically shun SPACs because of their high risk, unproven nature.
The 1.1 billion shares to be sold under the IPO comprise 959 million shares for institutional investors and 141 million shares for retail investors at 50 sen apiece. Each share comes with a free warrant. The conversion price per warrant is 35 sen, with a five year conversion period.
Book building for the retail shares opened at 10am yesterday and closes on July 12. The institutional offering also began yesterday and closes on July 17.
Post IPO, the management will hold 20% of the firm enlarged share base, the public and institutions 78% and initial investors 2%. The identities of the initial investors were not disclosed in the prospectus.
The moratorium imposed on its promoters shares will also be the strictest so far for a SPAC listing. The key management is barred from selling any of their holdings in Sona Petroleum until the company generates one year of audited revenue from the commercial production of its qualifying asset.
think it raises the level of expectation for SPACs and sets a benchmark for the future, he quips.
For him, the opportunity to start a SPAC couldn have come at a better time.
pitched the idea, and after looking at the business case, I said yes," Hadian explains. "I can name the parties. But it didn take a lot of convincing to get people on board. says he was encouraged by the two earlier SPACs, which, like Sona Petroleum, are E most common route for this kind of business is usually private equity. However, the end game, whether you raise money via private equity or a SPAC, is the same. SPACs give entrepreneurs like us an opportunity to tap the capital market. there are the macro factors. Oil prices are expected to trend upwards on the back of world population and income growth, which would drive energy demand, while oil majors continue to sell their stakes in smaller, less lucrative fields.
Hadian cites the oilfields being hived off by Newfield and Hess as the sort of assets that have become available in recent times.
Sona Petroleum has said it is interested in buying smaller fields in shallow waters with depths of not more than 120m. It believes these assets are abundant in oil producing regions such as the Middle East, Africa and Asia.
While it is prepared to invest in all three lifecycles of an oilfield, Hadian says the firm will prioritise assets that are producing as a jump off point before venturing into earlier stage wells, which naturally come with higher risk and capital cost.
Fields with reserves of between 5 million and 30 million barrels, and production of 2,000 5,000 barrels per day, are preferred, he adds.
intend to acquire a producing asset first, which is more likely to have steady cash flow, a shorter lead time and lower risk because it is in production," Hadian says.
EVEN in a suit and tie Datuk Seri Hadian Hashim looks like he would be more at ease in an oil rig out in the middle of the ocean.
A 30 year veteran in oil and gas (O Hadian spent much of the early years of his career as a well site engineer for Sarawak Shell Bhd offshore Sabah and Sarawak.
That experience is paying off for him today. Hadian has banded together with his friends from the industry, most of whom he has either worked with or for, to form Sona Petroleum Bhd, Malaysia third special purpose acquisition companies (SPAC) to list on the stock exchange in as many years.
For Hadian, clearly an operations man who prefers doing to talking, the track record of Sona Petroleum management speaks for itself.
SPACs have no operations, you have to rely on the management expertise. We have 300 years of O experience between us," the managing director of Sona Petroleum tells StarBizWeek in an interview.
"I have compiled an copy van cleef and arpels alhambra diamond necklace international team with skills in both upstream and downstream, across the exploration and production (E value chain, from drilling, reservoir engineering, field studies, greenfield and brownfield development, to contracting and procurement. And not just technical skills, but also banking, legal and corporate finance."
It isn a coincidence that the SPAC board is populated by international faces, including chairman Andreas Johannes Raymundus van Strijp, a Dutchman, as well as an Indonesian and Myanmar national.
Datuk Maznah Abdul Jalil, the company chief financial officer, was a key lieutenant to the late Tan Sri Yahaya Ahmad of DRB Hicom.
This diversity, Hadian notes, is deliberate. will come in handy when we negotiate for assets overseas. Petroleum is scheduled to make its debut on Bursa Malaysia on July 30 a day before Ranhill Energy and Resources Bhd RM753mil initial public offering (IPO), another highly anticipated listing this year.
SPACs are companies with no operations or income generating business at the point of IPO but undertake a listing for the purposes of acquiring operating companies or assets, termed as assets this hasn dented interest in Sona Petroleum.
The IPO, investment bankers say, has been all but a tough sell. StarBizWeek understands that overtures were made by high net worth individuals and several institutions for almost RM3bil worth of shares, far exceeding the RM550mil on offer.
With RM550mil as its fundraising target, Sona Petroleum is easily the most ambitious of all the SPACs. And if the early van cleef copy necklace indications prove to be true, it may also be the most successful.
The launch of its prospectus yesterday saw not only its bankers in attendance but also other luminaries of the financial world. Yvonne Chia, one of the most powerful vca alhambra necklace knock off women in finance and until recently the head of Hong Leong Bank Bhd, was front and centre.
Sona Petroleum, which aims to eventually make the transition to an independent E company, has already secured commitments from six institutions both local and foreign as cornerstone investors, making it the first SPAC to do so.
They are Hong Leong Asset Management Bhd, Hong Kong based hedge fund Segantii Capital and Davidson Kempner European Partners, along with the fund management houses of the three banks backing the listing: CIMB Principal Asset Management Bhd, Kenanga Investors Bhd and RHB Investment Management Sdn Bhd.
The cornerstones, who did not enjoy a discount to the 50 sen IPO price, have been apportioned 275 million shares out of the 959 million shares for institutions.
Industry observers believe Sona Petroleum appeal lay in it being one of the few upstream plays in a stock market dominated by O service providers, in spite of the fact that asset managers typically shun SPACs because of their high risk, unproven nature.
The 1.1 billion shares to be sold under the IPO comprise 959 million shares for institutional investors and 141 million shares for retail investors at 50 sen apiece. Each share comes with a free warrant. The conversion price per warrant is 35 sen, with a five year conversion period.
Book building for the retail shares opened at 10am yesterday and closes on July 12. The institutional offering also began yesterday and closes on July 17.
Post IPO, the management will hold 20% of the firm enlarged share base, the public and institutions 78% and initial investors 2%. The identities of the initial investors were not disclosed in the prospectus.
The moratorium imposed on its promoters shares will also be the strictest so far for a SPAC listing. The key management is barred from selling any of their holdings in Sona Petroleum until the company generates one year of audited revenue from the commercial production of its qualifying asset.
think it raises the level of expectation for SPACs and sets a benchmark for the future, he quips.
For him, the opportunity to start a SPAC couldn have come at a better time.
pitched the idea, and after looking at the business case, I said yes," Hadian explains. "I can name the parties. But it didn take a lot of convincing to get people on board. says he was encouraged by the two earlier SPACs, which, like Sona Petroleum, are E most common route for this kind of business is usually private equity. However, the end game, whether you raise money via private equity or a SPAC, is the same. SPACs give entrepreneurs like us an opportunity to tap the capital market. there are the macro factors. Oil prices are expected to trend upwards on the back of world population and income growth, which would drive energy demand, while oil majors continue to sell their stakes in smaller, less lucrative fields.
Hadian cites the oilfields being hived off by Newfield and Hess as the sort of assets that have become available in recent times.
Sona Petroleum has said it is interested in buying smaller fields in shallow waters with depths of not more than 120m. It believes these assets are abundant in oil producing regions such as the Middle East, Africa and Asia.
While it is prepared to invest in all three lifecycles of an oilfield, Hadian says the firm will prioritise assets that are producing as a jump off point before venturing into earlier stage wells, which naturally come with higher risk and capital cost.
Fields with reserves of between 5 million and 30 million barrels, and production of 2,000 5,000 barrels per day, are preferred, he adds.
intend to acquire a producing asset first, which is more likely to have steady cash flow, a shorter lead time and lower risk because it is in production," Hadian says.
Wild Australian Bushrangers
Bushrangers!'Bail Up' Escape from Cockatoo Island
During the 1820s, the number of bushrangers roaming around New South Wales, was so great that the government passed an act called the Bushranger Act, which gave police and soldiers almost unlimited powers to capture, search and ultimately hang, those convicted of 'bushranging' crimes. Economically, times were tough and this combined with the use of harsh punishment methods, was probably responsible for the outpouring of public sympathy and the rise of the mythical, romantic, bushranger folk hero. Some bushrangers, were violent, nasty and dangerous however and others were from marginalised groups, or were political rebels. Here are just a few:
John Caesar, was Australia's first bushranger. He was a convict from the First Fleet and a huge, dark, giant of a man of west Indian descent, who had initially fled to England, to avoid becoming a plantation slave . He was then transported from England, for stealing 240 shillings and sent to New South Wales for 7 years. In 1789, he escaped into the bush with a musket and began stealing food. A year later he was speared by Aboriginals and he moved back closer to the settlement. He was then captured and sent to the infamous, Norfolk Island and fathered a daughter there with Ann Power. Not long after leaving Norfolk Island for Port Jackson, he ran off into the bush again. Governor Hunter, put a price on his head of five gallons of rum, which would go to the man who captured him. A settler named John Wimbow shot him dead near liberty Plains (Strathfield).
Jack Donahoe
Also known as, The Wild Colonial Boy, after the famous folk ballad written about him, Jack Donahoe (1806 30), was born in Dublin and transported to New South Wales in 1823 for the 'intent to commit a felony'. Donahoe was a 'flaxen' haired, 'blue' eyed, Irish rebel who is admired for his defiance and bravery. On arrival in New South Wales, he had been assigned to a chain gang, but absconded with two other Irish men and began robbing bullock drays on the Windsor Road. The three men were caught and twice sentenced to death. The two other men hung, but Donahoe managed to escape and got together a gang and went on a crime spree, bailing up travelers on roads from Bathurst to Yass. Donahoe, became famous for constantly eluding the police and for brazenly riding into Sydney Town to have a ginger beer. He was caught however, when one of his gang turned informer. Donahoe, was gunned down at Bringelly, near Campbelltown, as he urged the police on using 'insulting and indecent epithets'.
(Sir) Thomas Mitchell drew a post mortem drawing of Donahoe' head and shoulders, which is now in the Mitchell Library. Also within weeks of his death a tradesman began making clay pipes which resembled Donahoe's head, complete with bullet hole.
Jack Donohoe
wanted Dead or AliveMatthew Brady
Credit: Archives Office of Tasmania
Matthew Brady, (1799 1826) was transported on the Juliana for the crime of stealing a basket and Hermes birkin bags fake some butter, bacon, sugar and rice. He was sent to van Diemen's land (Tasmania) and replica birkin handbags became a constant absconder. As punishment, he received around 350 lashes in four years. He was then sentenced to Macquarie Harbour, but escaped with 13 other desperate convicts, in a whale boat in 1824. For two years, the gang roamed the bush, aided by settlers, who were former convicts. A Reward was offered by Governor Arthur, replica hermes handbags outlet to anyone who could deliver Brady to the law. Brady responded with a cheeky note fastened to the door of an Inn:
"It has caused Matthew Brady much concern that such a person known as Sir George Arthur is at large. Twenty Gallons of Rum will be given to any persons that will deliver this person to me."
The reward for Brady was raised to 300 guineas and Brady was captured.
Brady was known as the "Gentleman Bushranger", as he only used violence in fashion cheap hermes handbags self defence and never harmed a women. His cell in Hobart, as he waited to stand trail was filled with flowers and cakes sent by female sympathisers and the crowd that watched him hang on May 26, cried and cheered him on. A lookout is named after him, in Tasmania, called Brady's lookout, with views over the Tamar River
Captain ThunderboltFred Ward, who is known as 'Captain Thunderbolt', was born in Windsor, in New South Wales, in 1836 and was the son of a convict. He was working as a drover and horse breaker when sentenced to Cockatoo Island for horse stealing. He was then, conditionally released from the island and was working as a horse breaker in Mudgee, but then returned to Cockatoo Island for various offences. Ward, escaped from the island and went to live with his half Aboriginal wife and their children on the Culgoa River near Bourke. He then, adopted the name 'Captain Thunderbolt' and began an almost 7 year crime spree. During this time, Ward was shot in the knee during a gunfight, when spotted by troopers (this helped the identification of his body later). Another time a constable held a pistol to his head and said 'you are my prisoner'. Thunderbolt laughed and galloped off into the bush. He met his end however in Uralla, New South Wales during a gunfight with a trooper.
Bushrangers!'Bail Up' Escape from Cockatoo Island
During the 1820s, the number of bushrangers roaming around New South Wales, was so great that the government passed an act called the Bushranger Act, which gave police and soldiers almost unlimited powers to capture, search and ultimately hang, those convicted of 'bushranging' crimes. Economically, times were tough and this combined with the use of harsh punishment methods, was probably responsible for the outpouring of public sympathy and the rise of the mythical, romantic, bushranger folk hero. Some bushrangers, were violent, nasty and dangerous however and others were from marginalised groups, or were political rebels. Here are just a few:
John Caesar, was Australia's first bushranger. He was a convict from the First Fleet and a huge, dark, giant of a man of west Indian descent, who had initially fled to England, to avoid becoming a plantation slave . He was then transported from England, for stealing 240 shillings and sent to New South Wales for 7 years. In 1789, he escaped into the bush with a musket and began stealing food. A year later he was speared by Aboriginals and he moved back closer to the settlement. He was then captured and sent to the infamous, Norfolk Island and fathered a daughter there with Ann Power. Not long after leaving Norfolk Island for Port Jackson, he ran off into the bush again. Governor Hunter, put a price on his head of five gallons of rum, which would go to the man who captured him. A settler named John Wimbow shot him dead near liberty Plains (Strathfield).
Jack Donahoe
Also known as, The Wild Colonial Boy, after the famous folk ballad written about him, Jack Donahoe (1806 30), was born in Dublin and transported to New South Wales in 1823 for the 'intent to commit a felony'. Donahoe was a 'flaxen' haired, 'blue' eyed, Irish rebel who is admired for his defiance and bravery. On arrival in New South Wales, he had been assigned to a chain gang, but absconded with two other Irish men and began robbing bullock drays on the Windsor Road. The three men were caught and twice sentenced to death. The two other men hung, but Donahoe managed to escape and got together a gang and went on a crime spree, bailing up travelers on roads from Bathurst to Yass. Donahoe, became famous for constantly eluding the police and for brazenly riding into Sydney Town to have a ginger beer. He was caught however, when one of his gang turned informer. Donahoe, was gunned down at Bringelly, near Campbelltown, as he urged the police on using 'insulting and indecent epithets'.
(Sir) Thomas Mitchell drew a post mortem drawing of Donahoe' head and shoulders, which is now in the Mitchell Library. Also within weeks of his death a tradesman began making clay pipes which resembled Donahoe's head, complete with bullet hole.
Jack Donohoe
wanted Dead or AliveMatthew Brady
Credit: Archives Office of Tasmania
Matthew Brady, (1799 1826) was transported on the Juliana for the crime of stealing a basket and Hermes birkin bags fake some butter, bacon, sugar and rice. He was sent to van Diemen's land (Tasmania) and replica birkin handbags became a constant absconder. As punishment, he received around 350 lashes in four years. He was then sentenced to Macquarie Harbour, but escaped with 13 other desperate convicts, in a whale boat in 1824. For two years, the gang roamed the bush, aided by settlers, who were former convicts. A Reward was offered by Governor Arthur, replica hermes handbags outlet to anyone who could deliver Brady to the law. Brady responded with a cheeky note fastened to the door of an Inn:
"It has caused Matthew Brady much concern that such a person known as Sir George Arthur is at large. Twenty Gallons of Rum will be given to any persons that will deliver this person to me."
The reward for Brady was raised to 300 guineas and Brady was captured.
Brady was known as the "Gentleman Bushranger", as he only used violence in fashion cheap hermes handbags self defence and never harmed a women. His cell in Hobart, as he waited to stand trail was filled with flowers and cakes sent by female sympathisers and the crowd that watched him hang on May 26, cried and cheered him on. A lookout is named after him, in Tasmania, called Brady's lookout, with views over the Tamar River
Captain ThunderboltFred Ward, who is known as 'Captain Thunderbolt', was born in Windsor, in New South Wales, in 1836 and was the son of a convict. He was working as a drover and horse breaker when sentenced to Cockatoo Island for horse stealing. He was then, conditionally released from the island and was working as a horse breaker in Mudgee, but then returned to Cockatoo Island for various offences. Ward, escaped from the island and went to live with his half Aboriginal wife and their children on the Culgoa River near Bourke. He then, adopted the name 'Captain Thunderbolt' and began an almost 7 year crime spree. During this time, Ward was shot in the knee during a gunfight, when spotted by troopers (this helped the identification of his body later). Another time a constable held a pistol to his head and said 'you are my prisoner'. Thunderbolt laughed and galloped off into the bush. He met his end however in Uralla, New South Wales during a gunfight with a trooper.
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the Aluminum
A powerful engine in the 1950s went a long way toward captivating the American public, which helped propel General Motors and its engine technology to global automotive dominance.
It was the era when engine designer Ed Cole gained fame for his small block V 8, first used in the 1955 Corvette, an accomplishment that would put him in the GM presidency years later. The design has survived nearly 50 years and is now represented in Corvette's LS1 power plant, an all aluminum 345 horsepower small block.
But what can you make of GM engines today? Is there anything left of that legendary quality and innovation? Is there anything that distinguishes a GM engine from a Ford or Toyota or Chrysler that ordinary car buyers would care about? Can a GM power plant deliver high mileage reliably?
GM engines and their accompanying transmissions have represented some of fake vca alhambra necklace the best and worst engineering in the auto industry over the last several decades. In the latter category, you can include the four cylinder engines that powered the early 1970s Chevrolet Vega and the Oldsmobile diesels a few years later that were ginned up from a gasoline powered V 8. In the 1980s, GM miscalculated again, matching oversized engines with weak transmissions, resulting in widespread transmission failures and a consumer revolt.
Even today, GM is widely criticized by analysts and mechanical experts for its aging technology, which often lags that of it competitors by many years. The company continues to use two valve, cast iron block engines equipped with single camshafts and push rods in many of its vehicles, to the dismay of critics. Even its new LS1 engine in the Corvette defies the standard for modern power plants, eschewing the multivalve, dual overhead camshaft architecture that is standard at many of its competitors.
"They have an aged lineup," said Eric Fedewa, forecast manager for GM's Powertrain Division at CSM Worldwide, a market research firm. "But buyers don't care. The bottom line is that most people shop cost, and GM has been able to hold down cost by making their product last. The current engines are very efficient."
GM engine designers are the first to acknowledge that they won't adopt new technology just for the sake of boasting. The company is aiming to produce low cost, high durability engines that will once again create enough consumer awareness to sell cars.
"The question is, what does a normal customer really need?" said Fritz Indra, executive director of advanced engineering for GM's Powertrain Division. "Does every customer need a four valve engine? Does every customer need an all aluminum engine? A lot of customers are not interested.
"I don't like to say old is bad and new is good," said Indra, a native of Austria with a background in European engineering. "A very old engine can be a very good engine. We have to see how new technologies are fitting together with all of our engines."
For many GM customers, that makes great sense. A lot of new engine technology is unproved, and the customer often pays the price when things go wrong. That's why GM engines of established design have such a strong following. After all, GM did not become the world's largest auto maker by building lousy engines.
Just ask Mike Berezny of Laguna Niguel. He has a Cadillac Sedan DeVille with 270,000 miles that he's trying to sell for $3,600, figuring the original engine and transmission have lots of life left in them.
Potential buyers are dubious.
Three years ago, GM consolidated its worldwide engine and transmission operations into a single division, Powertrain. The company makes 27 different engines in North America alone.
Fedewa, the market researcher, said GM still sets the world standard in terms of automatic transmission quality. Although not widely known, GM Hydramatic transmissions are used by Volvo, BMW and Rolls Royce.
Typical of GM's engine lineup is its 3.8 liter, all cast iron V 6, a design that has been around for copy van cleef and arpels white gold alhambra necklace more than a decade. Its competition includes the Ford 3.8 liter V 6 with an aluminum head copy vca alhambra necklace and a cast iron block. While the GM 3.8 engine routinely runs more than 150,000 miles, Ford owners are lucky to make it to 80,000 miles without a blown head gasket.
"We still produce a lot of cast iron," Indra said. "We are not abandoning our traditional push rod V 8s.".
A powerful engine in the 1950s went a long way toward captivating the American public, which helped propel General Motors and its engine technology to global automotive dominance.
It was the era when engine designer Ed Cole gained fame for his small block V 8, first used in the 1955 Corvette, an accomplishment that would put him in the GM presidency years later. The design has survived nearly 50 years and is now represented in Corvette's LS1 power plant, an all aluminum 345 horsepower small block.
But what can you make of GM engines today? Is there anything left of that legendary quality and innovation? Is there anything that distinguishes a GM engine from a Ford or Toyota or Chrysler that ordinary car buyers would care about? Can a GM power plant deliver high mileage reliably?
GM engines and their accompanying transmissions have represented some of fake vca alhambra necklace the best and worst engineering in the auto industry over the last several decades. In the latter category, you can include the four cylinder engines that powered the early 1970s Chevrolet Vega and the Oldsmobile diesels a few years later that were ginned up from a gasoline powered V 8. In the 1980s, GM miscalculated again, matching oversized engines with weak transmissions, resulting in widespread transmission failures and a consumer revolt.
Even today, GM is widely criticized by analysts and mechanical experts for its aging technology, which often lags that of it competitors by many years. The company continues to use two valve, cast iron block engines equipped with single camshafts and push rods in many of its vehicles, to the dismay of critics. Even its new LS1 engine in the Corvette defies the standard for modern power plants, eschewing the multivalve, dual overhead camshaft architecture that is standard at many of its competitors.
"They have an aged lineup," said Eric Fedewa, forecast manager for GM's Powertrain Division at CSM Worldwide, a market research firm. "But buyers don't care. The bottom line is that most people shop cost, and GM has been able to hold down cost by making their product last. The current engines are very efficient."
GM engine designers are the first to acknowledge that they won't adopt new technology just for the sake of boasting. The company is aiming to produce low cost, high durability engines that will once again create enough consumer awareness to sell cars.
"The question is, what does a normal customer really need?" said Fritz Indra, executive director of advanced engineering for GM's Powertrain Division. "Does every customer need a four valve engine? Does every customer need an all aluminum engine? A lot of customers are not interested.
"I don't like to say old is bad and new is good," said Indra, a native of Austria with a background in European engineering. "A very old engine can be a very good engine. We have to see how new technologies are fitting together with all of our engines."
For many GM customers, that makes great sense. A lot of new engine technology is unproved, and the customer often pays the price when things go wrong. That's why GM engines of established design have such a strong following. After all, GM did not become the world's largest auto maker by building lousy engines.
Just ask Mike Berezny of Laguna Niguel. He has a Cadillac Sedan DeVille with 270,000 miles that he's trying to sell for $3,600, figuring the original engine and transmission have lots of life left in them.
Potential buyers are dubious.
Three years ago, GM consolidated its worldwide engine and transmission operations into a single division, Powertrain. The company makes 27 different engines in North America alone.
Fedewa, the market researcher, said GM still sets the world standard in terms of automatic transmission quality. Although not widely known, GM Hydramatic transmissions are used by Volvo, BMW and Rolls Royce.
Typical of GM's engine lineup is its 3.8 liter, all cast iron V 6, a design that has been around for copy van cleef and arpels white gold alhambra necklace more than a decade. Its competition includes the Ford 3.8 liter V 6 with an aluminum head copy vca alhambra necklace and a cast iron block. While the GM 3.8 engine routinely runs more than 150,000 miles, Ford owners are lucky to make it to 80,000 miles without a blown head gasket.
"We still produce a lot of cast iron," Indra said. "We are not abandoning our traditional push rod V 8s.".
What we know and don't know
But it's unclear how Gray, who was arrested on a weapons charge April 12, suffered a severe spinal cord injury that led to his death seven days later.
Here are the big questions surrounding this controversial case:
What we know: Gray was arrested on a weapons charge in a high crime area of Baltimore known for drugs. He "gave up without the use of force," Baltimore Deputy Police Commissioner Jerry Rodriguez said last week.
An officer apparently took his Taser out and was prepared to use it on Gray, but he never deployed it, Rodriguez said. And none of the six officers involved in the arrest described using force against the 25 year old.
"And when Mr. Gray was taken out of that van, he could not talk, and he could not breathe," according to Rodriguez.
Police have said Gray was not buckled in with a seat belt during the ride to a booking center.
What we don't know: It's unknown what caused the spinal cord injury that led to his death a week after the arrest, and it's also unknown what, if anything, happened inside the van.
What can be seen on the released video
What we know: Segments of cell replica hermes handbags outlet phone video shot from two different positions appear to begin after Gray has been arrested and show officers dragging Hermes birkin bags fake Gray, who is fashion cheap hermes handbags handcuffed, to a van. He can be heard screaming.
"He was dragged a bit," said Baltimore Mayor Stephanie Rawlings Blake, "but then you see him using his legs to get into the van, so he was able bodied when he was in the van. And we know that when he was finally taken out of the van, he was unresponsive."
One woman who recorded a video of the arrest said she knew Gray.
"When I ran up the street and seen him, the first thing I asked him was he OK because I heard him screaming," the woman replica birkin handbags said. "He didn't never say yes or no, he just said 'I can't breathe' and just was yelling."
Rawlings Blake and Deputy Police Commissioner Kevin Davis have said the arresting officers should have asked for medical attention immediately after Gray asked for it.
But it's unclear how Gray, who was arrested on a weapons charge April 12, suffered a severe spinal cord injury that led to his death seven days later.
Here are the big questions surrounding this controversial case:
What we know: Gray was arrested on a weapons charge in a high crime area of Baltimore known for drugs. He "gave up without the use of force," Baltimore Deputy Police Commissioner Jerry Rodriguez said last week.
An officer apparently took his Taser out and was prepared to use it on Gray, but he never deployed it, Rodriguez said. And none of the six officers involved in the arrest described using force against the 25 year old.
"And when Mr. Gray was taken out of that van, he could not talk, and he could not breathe," according to Rodriguez.
Police have said Gray was not buckled in with a seat belt during the ride to a booking center.
What we don't know: It's unknown what caused the spinal cord injury that led to his death a week after the arrest, and it's also unknown what, if anything, happened inside the van.
What can be seen on the released video
What we know: Segments of cell replica hermes handbags outlet phone video shot from two different positions appear to begin after Gray has been arrested and show officers dragging Hermes birkin bags fake Gray, who is fashion cheap hermes handbags handcuffed, to a van. He can be heard screaming.
"He was dragged a bit," said Baltimore Mayor Stephanie Rawlings Blake, "but then you see him using his legs to get into the van, so he was able bodied when he was in the van. And we know that when he was finally taken out of the van, he was unresponsive."
One woman who recorded a video of the arrest said she knew Gray.
"When I ran up the street and seen him, the first thing I asked him was he OK because I heard him screaming," the woman replica birkin handbags said. "He didn't never say yes or no, he just said 'I can't breathe' and just was yelling."
Rawlings Blake and Deputy Police Commissioner Kevin Davis have said the arresting officers should have asked for medical attention immediately after Gray asked for it.
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survivor of axe attack pay tribute to murdered parents and brother
'The people I love most': Former Perth schoolgirl who survived axe attack on her family pays tribute to them on social media but still has still not seen brother who 'giggled' as he reported the crime
The young survivor of brutal axe attack breaks her silence on social mediaMarli van Breda, 16, suffered serious head injuries in the horrific attackThree months on, Marli posted two heartwarming photos on InstagramIn one photo, she is pictured with her murdered parents and in another, is an image of her older brother, along with a caption 'The people I love most'Henri escaped with minor injuries, while his parents and brother were killed in axe attack at their South Africa home in JanuaryHenri was staying copy van cleef and arpels diamond bracelet with a friend but his current whereabouts are unknownHenri has been kept away from sister over fears he may traumatise herBy
Marli van Breda, who used to live with her family in Perth, Western Australia, has since been released from hospital after she was struck several times during a brutal attack in January.
Making her first public appearance three months since the incident, the 16 year old took to her Instagram account to post two photographs of her father Martin, 55, mother Teresa, 54 and older brother Rudi, 22.
Along with the photos, which were posted two weeks ago, she included a heart warming caption: 'The people I love the most.'
But notably absent from her posts is her 20 year old brother Henri, who escaped with minor wounds when the attack took place at theirStellenbosch home in South Africa.
It's understood the two surviving siblings have not yet come face to face as it was previously reported Henri was banned from seeing Marli in hospital over fears he may traumatise her.
The revelation follows as police are on the hunt for Henri, who has been reported missing but according toWeekend Argus, he has made his way toJohannesburg.
He has reportedly disappeared from that residence and his current whereabouts are unknown.
According to a statement from a family spokesperson Ben Rootman, Marli has been discharged from her rehabilitation centre, but her recovery still continues.
'She is able to walk, communicates well and, surprisingly, given everything that has happened, has retained her sense of humour,' Mr Rootman told mother of pearl clover bracelet fake the Citizen.
While her health has improved, Marli has not yet been able to make a complete police statement regarding the attack.
Reports in February outlined that visitors had been banned from visiting Marli's hospital room in a bid to keep her surviving brother away.
'They fear she might go into shock, or will be traumatised further if she sees him,' a source told The Sunday Timesnewspaper.
Marli has reportedly been crying when she sees photos of her parents and older brother.
'It is heartbreaking to see tears rolling down her cheeks,' a person close to the family said.
After the incident in January, Henri escaped with light injuries and rang police to report the deaths at imitation van cleef butterfly bracelet the Stellenbosch home, east of Cape Town.
It emerged that an audio recording of the emergency phone call made by Henri,obtained byeNews Channel Africa, seemed to reveal him 'giggling' as he explained the details of the bloody massacre.
'What kind of injuries are there?' a woman can be heard asking Henri, who responds: 'my family and me were attacked by a guy with an axe.'
When asked if they were unconscious, he responded, 'yes, and bleeding from the head', before what sounds like a faint chuckle is heard.
A cleaner who worked for one of the van Breda's neighbours saw the young man, covered in blood, using his phone outside the house shortly after the attack.
The young man's mental health has been under scrutiny sinceNews24reported he had undergone brain scans at an Australian hospital in 2014. However the results were negative and no further testing occurred.
Police leaving he De Zalze housing estate in Stellenbosch, South Africa, where three members of the van Breda family were killed and two injured on January 27
A doctor who examined Henri following the attack revealed his injuries were self inflicted. He was also reportedly addicted to tik and his allowance was cut off before his family were attacked.
Henri was previously living with his uncle, Her Breda, since the attack and believed to have been receiving counselling.
'The people I love most': Former Perth schoolgirl who survived axe attack on her family pays tribute to them on social media but still has still not seen brother who 'giggled' as he reported the crime
The young survivor of brutal axe attack breaks her silence on social mediaMarli van Breda, 16, suffered serious head injuries in the horrific attackThree months on, Marli posted two heartwarming photos on InstagramIn one photo, she is pictured with her murdered parents and in another, is an image of her older brother, along with a caption 'The people I love most'Henri escaped with minor injuries, while his parents and brother were killed in axe attack at their South Africa home in JanuaryHenri was staying copy van cleef and arpels diamond bracelet with a friend but his current whereabouts are unknownHenri has been kept away from sister over fears he may traumatise herBy
Marli van Breda, who used to live with her family in Perth, Western Australia, has since been released from hospital after she was struck several times during a brutal attack in January.
Making her first public appearance three months since the incident, the 16 year old took to her Instagram account to post two photographs of her father Martin, 55, mother Teresa, 54 and older brother Rudi, 22.
Along with the photos, which were posted two weeks ago, she included a heart warming caption: 'The people I love the most.'
But notably absent from her posts is her 20 year old brother Henri, who escaped with minor wounds when the attack took place at theirStellenbosch home in South Africa.
It's understood the two surviving siblings have not yet come face to face as it was previously reported Henri was banned from seeing Marli in hospital over fears he may traumatise her.
The revelation follows as police are on the hunt for Henri, who has been reported missing but according toWeekend Argus, he has made his way toJohannesburg.
He has reportedly disappeared from that residence and his current whereabouts are unknown.
According to a statement from a family spokesperson Ben Rootman, Marli has been discharged from her rehabilitation centre, but her recovery still continues.
'She is able to walk, communicates well and, surprisingly, given everything that has happened, has retained her sense of humour,' Mr Rootman told mother of pearl clover bracelet fake the Citizen.
While her health has improved, Marli has not yet been able to make a complete police statement regarding the attack.
Reports in February outlined that visitors had been banned from visiting Marli's hospital room in a bid to keep her surviving brother away.
'They fear she might go into shock, or will be traumatised further if she sees him,' a source told The Sunday Timesnewspaper.
Marli has reportedly been crying when she sees photos of her parents and older brother.
'It is heartbreaking to see tears rolling down her cheeks,' a person close to the family said.
After the incident in January, Henri escaped with light injuries and rang police to report the deaths at imitation van cleef butterfly bracelet the Stellenbosch home, east of Cape Town.
It emerged that an audio recording of the emergency phone call made by Henri,obtained byeNews Channel Africa, seemed to reveal him 'giggling' as he explained the details of the bloody massacre.
'What kind of injuries are there?' a woman can be heard asking Henri, who responds: 'my family and me were attacked by a guy with an axe.'
When asked if they were unconscious, he responded, 'yes, and bleeding from the head', before what sounds like a faint chuckle is heard.
A cleaner who worked for one of the van Breda's neighbours saw the young man, covered in blood, using his phone outside the house shortly after the attack.
The young man's mental health has been under scrutiny sinceNews24reported he had undergone brain scans at an Australian hospital in 2014. However the results were negative and no further testing occurred.
Police leaving he De Zalze housing estate in Stellenbosch, South Africa, where three members of the van Breda family were killed and two injured on January 27
A doctor who examined Henri following the attack revealed his injuries were self inflicted. He was also reportedly addicted to tik and his allowance was cut off before his family were attacked.
Henri was previously living with his uncle, Her Breda, since the attack and believed to have been receiving counselling.
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The afterglow of the strike on Syria won
I wrote last week that President Donald Trump might be on a roll and maybe he is. But politics is never static: Things change and often they change quickly. Even without a sudden, game changing event, a look at the political horizon offers some difficult, perhaps bleak times ahead for the president and the Republican leadership in Congress. Without having to look too closely, here is the first cut of some of the difficulties that lie ahead:
Repeal and replace hasn't happened and the so called Freedom Caucus is smug in its obstruction. If Republicans can't come together on this issue, it's a bad sign.
Another intra party fight over the budget is imminent. The administration may insist on including funding for the border wall in its supplemental budget request, which would likely tank what could otherwise be a bipartisan effort to fully fund the government. And Trump would celebrate his 100th day in office with the start of a government shutdown.
Nominations and confirmations of overseers to rein in the "deep state" opposition are stalled. Reports of "no one at home" in government departments and agencies are growing.
The prospect of addressing tax reform has been dealt a harsh reality check. No one outside the administration believes it will happen this year. Compared with tax reform, repeal and replace is easy.
The notion of an "infrastructure bill" hasn't moved beyond talking points. Ordinarily, this would amount to a colossal money giveaway that should be relatively easy to pass, but budget hawks in the GOP and "resistance" Democrats don't show signs of wanting to cooperate.
Dark clouds are gathering over North Korea as the denial and neglect of the Obama years are beginning to settle on the president's desk. Kim Jong Un the "crazy, fat kid" ruling North Korea, as Sen. John McCain, R Ariz., labeled him better blink fast or something bad might happen. Regardless of who was elected, our next president was destined to face this problem. But here we are, and it now occupies some of Trump's time every day.
Perhaps apart from the problems caused by President Barack Obama's disastrous foreign policy legacy, the usual suspects of malcontents and know it alls in the Freedom Caucus are at the root of the problems in Washington. According to one House GOP member, Freedom Caucus Chairman Rep.
The Freedom Caucus thinks its judgment is better and insights more valid than those of Speaker Paul D. Ryan, R Wis., Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R Ky., OMB Director Mick Mulvaney, Vice President Mike Pence, HHS Secretary Tom Price and Chief of Staff Reince Priebus just to start. Bush had in copy vintage alhambra bracelet Iraq in 1990 did not last long. In true Churchillian fashion, Bush was voted out in 1992. The afterglow of Trump's strike on Syria is not going to last much longer. The president's pro growth, conservative policy is going to need a lot of help, and it isn't going to come from the left.
Democrats today are lazy, cynical, and above all else, intimidated by their own party's Bernie Sanders wing. As a result, they've sheepishly followed their radicals on a path of "resistance" defined by inaction, obstruction and a nonsensical agenda.
Without much organization or effort expended from Democrats, Republicans have been stifled by a few recalcitrant GOP blowhards who don't appear to be close to an epiphany of self awareness that would make them play a constructive role. So, that's the bad news.
This column first appeared in The Washington Post
I wrote last week that President Donald Trump might be on a roll and maybe he is. But politics is never static: Things change and often they change quickly. Even without a sudden, game changing event, a look at the political horizon offers some difficult, perhaps bleak times ahead for the president and the Republican leadership in Congress. replica van cleef and arpels butterfly bracelet Without having to look too closely, here is the first cut of some of the difficulties that lie ahead:
Repeal and replace hasn't happened and the so called Freedom Caucus is smug in its obstruction. If knock off van cleef sweet alhambra bracelet Republicans can't come together on this issue, it's a bad sign.
Another intra party fight over the budget is imminent. The administration may insist on including funding for the border wall in its supplemental budget request, which would likely tank what could otherwise be a bipartisan effort to fully fund the government. And Trump would celebrate his 100th day in office with the start of a government shutdown.
I wrote last week that President Donald Trump might be on a roll and maybe he is. But politics is never static: Things change and often they change quickly. Even without a sudden, game changing event, a look at the political horizon offers some difficult, perhaps bleak times ahead for the president and the Republican leadership in Congress. Without having to look too closely, here is the first cut of some of the difficulties that lie ahead:
Repeal and replace hasn't happened and the so called Freedom Caucus is smug in its obstruction. If Republicans can't come together on this issue, it's a bad sign.
Another intra party fight over the budget is imminent. The administration may insist on including funding for the border wall in its supplemental budget request, which would likely tank what could otherwise be a bipartisan effort to fully fund the government. And Trump would celebrate his 100th day in office with the start of a government shutdown.
Nominations and confirmations of overseers to rein in the "deep state" opposition are stalled. Reports of "no one at home" in government departments and agencies are growing.
The prospect of addressing tax reform has been dealt a harsh reality check. No one outside the administration believes it will happen this year. Compared with tax reform, repeal and replace is easy.
The notion of an "infrastructure bill" hasn't moved beyond talking points. Ordinarily, this would amount to a colossal money giveaway that should be relatively easy to pass, but budget hawks in the GOP and "resistance" Democrats don't show signs of wanting to cooperate.
Dark clouds are gathering over North Korea as the denial and neglect of the Obama years are beginning to settle on the president's desk. Kim Jong Un the "crazy, fat kid" ruling North Korea, as Sen. John McCain, R Ariz., labeled him better blink fast or something bad might happen. Regardless of who was elected, our next president was destined to face this problem. But here we are, and it now occupies some of Trump's time every day.
Perhaps apart from the problems caused by President Barack Obama's disastrous foreign policy legacy, the usual suspects of malcontents and know it alls in the Freedom Caucus are at the root of the problems in Washington. According to one House GOP member, Freedom Caucus Chairman Rep.
The Freedom Caucus thinks its judgment is better and insights more valid than those of Speaker Paul D. Ryan, R Wis., Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R Ky., OMB Director Mick Mulvaney, Vice President Mike Pence, HHS Secretary Tom Price and Chief of Staff Reince Priebus just to start. Bush had in copy vintage alhambra bracelet Iraq in 1990 did not last long. In true Churchillian fashion, Bush was voted out in 1992. The afterglow of Trump's strike on Syria is not going to last much longer. The president's pro growth, conservative policy is going to need a lot of help, and it isn't going to come from the left.
Democrats today are lazy, cynical, and above all else, intimidated by their own party's Bernie Sanders wing. As a result, they've sheepishly followed their radicals on a path of "resistance" defined by inaction, obstruction and a nonsensical agenda.
Without much organization or effort expended from Democrats, Republicans have been stifled by a few recalcitrant GOP blowhards who don't appear to be close to an epiphany of self awareness that would make them play a constructive role. So, that's the bad news.
This column first appeared in The Washington Post
I wrote last week that President Donald Trump might be on a roll and maybe he is. But politics is never static: Things change and often they change quickly. Even without a sudden, game changing event, a look at the political horizon offers some difficult, perhaps bleak times ahead for the president and the Republican leadership in Congress. replica van cleef and arpels butterfly bracelet Without having to look too closely, here is the first cut of some of the difficulties that lie ahead:
Repeal and replace hasn't happened and the so called Freedom Caucus is smug in its obstruction. If knock off van cleef sweet alhambra bracelet Republicans can't come together on this issue, it's a bad sign.
Another intra party fight over the budget is imminent. The administration may insist on including funding for the border wall in its supplemental budget request, which would likely tank what could otherwise be a bipartisan effort to fully fund the government. And Trump would celebrate his 100th day in office with the start of a government shutdown.
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William Devin Howell kept body of woman in his murder mobile van for weeks and slept with it
Cellmate claims serial killer admitted slaughtering seven and slept holding corpse fake hermes brown belt whosale he called 'baby' for weeks in his 'murder mobile' van
William Devin Howell, 45, a drifter with a lengthy criminal record, charged with six additional killings and is already serving time for manslaughterThe bodies of all seven victims were found at separate intervals beginning in 2007 in a wooded area behind a strip mall in New Britain, ConnecticutVictims disappeared in 2003 when Howell was working odd jobs in stateHave been identified as: JoyvalineMartinez, 24, of East Hartford; Diane replica Hermes belts france Cusack, 53, of New Britain; Mary Jane Menard, 40, of New Britain; Melanie Ruth Camilini, 29, of Seymour; Marilyn Gonzalez, 26, of Waterbury; Danny Lee Whistnant, 44, of New Britain; and Nilsa Arizmendi, 33, of WethersfieldHe sexually assaulted some of the women and sex tapes were found in vanIf convicted, Howell would become one of state's most prolific serial killersBy
A drifter accused of being a serial killer told fellow inmates he killed seven people in Connecticut in 2003, including a woman whose body he kept for two weeks in a van he called the 'murder mobile'.
William Devin Howell, 45, told a cellmate 'there was a monster inside of him that just came out' and called himself a 'sick ripper',according to an arrest warrant released in New Britain on Friday.
He said if he wasn't caught, he was going to go cross country and kill others, it said.
Scroll down for video
The document was released after Howell was arraigned in New Britain Superior Court on multiple murder charges related to six of the killings.
A judge set bail at $10million, but Howell already was serving a 15 year prison sentence for manslaughter for killing one of the seven victims.
Howell told a cellmate the first person he killed was a woman he raped in his van, the warrant said.
Howell told the fellow inmate he kept the woman's body wrapped up in hermes belt price replica his van because it was too cold outside to bury her, the warrant said.
He also said he cut off the tips of her fingers, dismantled her bottom jaw and disposed of the body parts in Virginia, it said.
He told his cellmate he slept next to the woman's body in the van, calling her his 'baby', according to the warrant
Marilyn Gonzalez (left) of Waterbury, Connecticut, andDanny Lee Whistnan (right) were also victims of Howell
All seven victims disappeared in 2003, when Howell was mowing lawns and working other odd jobs in central Connecticut.
They were identified as: Joyvaline Martinez, 24, of East Hartford; Diane Cusack, 53, of New Britain; Mary Jane Menard, 40, of New Britain; Melanie Ruth Camilini, 29, of Seymour; Marilyn Gonzalez, 26, of Waterbury; Danny Lee Whistnant, 44, of New Britain; and Nilsa Arizmendi, 33, of Wethersfield.
Police said in the arrest warrant that Howell sexually assaulted three of the women he killed.
Many relatives of the victims attended the proceeding, and several cried after Howell was brought into the courtroom in an orange prison jumpsuit, shackled on his arms and legs.
Howell did not speak or enter any pleas and the case was continued to October 28.
His lawyer urged the public to remember Howell imitation hermes mens belt is innocent until proved guilty.
Martinez's sister, Sandra Martinez, said: 'Today we had to face a monster.
'I didn't think this day would ever come, but thanks to all the hard work that was put into it they were able to catch him, and I hope he never gets out of jail and he rots,' she told WFSB TV.
The bodies of all seven victims were found in a wooded area behind a strip mall in New Britain.
'Let's remember each of these victims and their families,' police Chief James Wardwell said after the court hearing.
'Each victim was loved and cherished.
'They were people from our communities and in no way deserved the violence that ended their lives.'
The wooded area where the bodies were found is about 12 miles southwest of Hartford in Connecticut
If convicted of the killings, Howell would be one of the most prolific serial killers in Connecticut history.
Cellmate claims serial killer admitted slaughtering seven and slept holding corpse fake hermes brown belt whosale he called 'baby' for weeks in his 'murder mobile' van
William Devin Howell, 45, a drifter with a lengthy criminal record, charged with six additional killings and is already serving time for manslaughterThe bodies of all seven victims were found at separate intervals beginning in 2007 in a wooded area behind a strip mall in New Britain, ConnecticutVictims disappeared in 2003 when Howell was working odd jobs in stateHave been identified as: JoyvalineMartinez, 24, of East Hartford; Diane replica Hermes belts france Cusack, 53, of New Britain; Mary Jane Menard, 40, of New Britain; Melanie Ruth Camilini, 29, of Seymour; Marilyn Gonzalez, 26, of Waterbury; Danny Lee Whistnant, 44, of New Britain; and Nilsa Arizmendi, 33, of WethersfieldHe sexually assaulted some of the women and sex tapes were found in vanIf convicted, Howell would become one of state's most prolific serial killersBy
A drifter accused of being a serial killer told fellow inmates he killed seven people in Connecticut in 2003, including a woman whose body he kept for two weeks in a van he called the 'murder mobile'.
William Devin Howell, 45, told a cellmate 'there was a monster inside of him that just came out' and called himself a 'sick ripper',according to an arrest warrant released in New Britain on Friday.
He said if he wasn't caught, he was going to go cross country and kill others, it said.
Scroll down for video
The document was released after Howell was arraigned in New Britain Superior Court on multiple murder charges related to six of the killings.
A judge set bail at $10million, but Howell already was serving a 15 year prison sentence for manslaughter for killing one of the seven victims.
Howell told a cellmate the first person he killed was a woman he raped in his van, the warrant said.
Howell told the fellow inmate he kept the woman's body wrapped up in hermes belt price replica his van because it was too cold outside to bury her, the warrant said.
He also said he cut off the tips of her fingers, dismantled her bottom jaw and disposed of the body parts in Virginia, it said.
He told his cellmate he slept next to the woman's body in the van, calling her his 'baby', according to the warrant
Marilyn Gonzalez (left) of Waterbury, Connecticut, andDanny Lee Whistnan (right) were also victims of Howell
All seven victims disappeared in 2003, when Howell was mowing lawns and working other odd jobs in central Connecticut.
They were identified as: Joyvaline Martinez, 24, of East Hartford; Diane Cusack, 53, of New Britain; Mary Jane Menard, 40, of New Britain; Melanie Ruth Camilini, 29, of Seymour; Marilyn Gonzalez, 26, of Waterbury; Danny Lee Whistnant, 44, of New Britain; and Nilsa Arizmendi, 33, of Wethersfield.
Police said in the arrest warrant that Howell sexually assaulted three of the women he killed.
Many relatives of the victims attended the proceeding, and several cried after Howell was brought into the courtroom in an orange prison jumpsuit, shackled on his arms and legs.
Howell did not speak or enter any pleas and the case was continued to October 28.
His lawyer urged the public to remember Howell imitation hermes mens belt is innocent until proved guilty.
Martinez's sister, Sandra Martinez, said: 'Today we had to face a monster.
'I didn't think this day would ever come, but thanks to all the hard work that was put into it they were able to catch him, and I hope he never gets out of jail and he rots,' she told WFSB TV.
The bodies of all seven victims were found in a wooded area behind a strip mall in New Britain.
'Let's remember each of these victims and their families,' police Chief James Wardwell said after the court hearing.
'Each victim was loved and cherished.
'They were people from our communities and in no way deserved the violence that ended their lives.'
The wooded area where the bodies were found is about 12 miles southwest of Hartford in Connecticut
If convicted of the killings, Howell would be one of the most prolific serial killers in Connecticut history.
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The Sleuth can't help wondering what Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded Detroit in 1701, would think about the Cadillac brand's plan to move its headquarters out of the city in 2015 and establish a base camp in New York City. Apparently Johan De Nysschen, who recently became Cadillac's head honcho, thinks the division will achieve a more global perspective if it's located in the city that never sleeps (specifically, Manhattan's trendy Soho district) that will help it move more metal. It's from there that Cadillac will announce a number of new models, including a redesigned SRX tall wagon, the ultra luxury CT6 sedan and a replacement for the ELR coupe that uses the same plug in electric powertrain as the Chevrolet Volt. Your Trenchcoated Spymaster also hears that De Nysschen is planning a new Cadillac roadster based on the Ciel concept car that debuted in 2011.
Next Tucson will look more like the Santa Fe: Hyundai knows a good thing when it sells one and the Korea based automaker is selling plenty of its Santa Fe sport utility vehicles. Hoping to trade on the vehicle's popularity, The Sleuth understands that the 2016 Hyundai Tucson will look a lot like the Santa Fe when it shows up in mid 2015. From what The Sleuth has been told, the Tucson will become a bit larger than the current version and will feature a squared off Santa Fe like nose. Overall, it seems, the compact tall wagon will adopt a more conservative shape, which is where Hyundai's design "language" appears to he heading, Hermes belt replica france if the new 2015 Genesis and Sonata sedans are any indication.
Panamera's progress: The Sleuth has picked up some intel concerning Porsche's new luxury Panamera hatchback sedan that's due out in a couple of years. As he suspected, the car's controversial body shape fake hermes mens belt will undergo significant beautification that should add to its appeal. The Panamera will replica Hermes belts france also use Porsche's new front engine architecture that, along with more aluminum and composite materials, will help it drop at least 100 kilograms over the current structure. The platform will also be used by Bentley (it and Porsche are part of Volkswagen) when it builds the next generation Continental coupe. There will be new gas engine choices for the more svelte Panamera in addition to a returning hybrid edition.
Engine start stop systems might save a bit of gas, but they come at a cost: The technology that shuts off a car's engine at stoplights or in stop and go traffic and then immediately fires it back up again when the brake pedal is released, is cropping up on many new cars these days as a way to save gas. But according to what The Sneakster is hearing, stop start is not popular with buyers who don't like the shudders that can be felt throughout their vehicles each time the system does its thing. In addition, there are reports that the frequent off on cycling is shortening the life of the lead acid batteries. Automakers are apparently aware of the latter problem and are considering the introduction of energy storing ultracapacitors that would ease the draw on the batteries. As for the rough restarts, perhaps a mandatory switch that turns start stop systems off is in order. However, the Spy Guy hears that VW's brass has once again set its sights on a replacement luxury model. Apparently, the success of Hyundai Equus and Kia K900 upscale sedans has led to plans to revive the Phaeton if that's what it will be called sometime in the next three years, but after the next generation VW Passat sedan and Touareg tall wagon have been launched. Under consideration is a range of new engines, including a turbocharged V 6 plus V 8 and 12 cylinder powerplants.
Warren Buffett's majority stake purchase of the Van Tuyl Group: The man nicknamed the "Oracle of Omaha" for his savvy investment strategies now controls North America's largest privately owned auto dealership group, with 78 stores in its roster. Collectively, Van imitation hermes mens belt Tuyl sells nearly a quarter of a million cars a year and generates close to $8 billion US in revenues. Buffet will rename his purchase Berkshire Hathaway Automotive (BH is the name of his holding company). Conclusion? If Buffett is buying up dealerships, he expects demand for new vehicles to remain strong for some time to come.
No Porsche plans for a sub Boxster roadster: Apparently the speculation about Porsche building a lighter, lower cost roadster (it was even supposed to be called the 718, after a 1960s Porsche racing car) was just that. Company CEO Detlev von Patten ruled out that Porsche had any interest in, or plans for, producing such a vehicle. He further stated that if fans of the brand are seeking an affordable Porsche, they should consider purchasing a pre owned Boxster through one of the company's dealers. Ouch.
The Sleuth can't help wondering what Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded Detroit in 1701, would think about the Cadillac brand's plan to move its headquarters out of the city in 2015 and establish a base camp in New York City. Apparently Johan De Nysschen, who recently became Cadillac's head honcho, thinks the division will achieve a more global perspective if it's located in the city that never sleeps (specifically, Manhattan's trendy Soho district) that will help it move more metal. It's from there that Cadillac will announce a number of new models, including a redesigned SRX tall wagon, the ultra luxury CT6 sedan and a replacement for the ELR coupe that uses the same plug in electric powertrain as the Chevrolet Volt. Your Trenchcoated Spymaster also hears that De Nysschen is planning a new Cadillac roadster based on the Ciel concept car that debuted in 2011.
Next Tucson will look more like the Santa Fe: Hyundai knows a good thing when it sells one and the Korea based automaker is selling plenty of its Santa Fe sport utility vehicles. Hoping to trade on the vehicle's popularity, The Sleuth understands that the 2016 Hyundai Tucson will look a lot like the Santa Fe when it shows up in mid 2015. From what The Sleuth has been told, the Tucson will become a bit larger than the current version and will feature a squared off Santa Fe like nose. Overall, it seems, the compact tall wagon will adopt a more conservative shape, which is where Hyundai's design "language" appears to he heading, Hermes belt replica france if the new 2015 Genesis and Sonata sedans are any indication.
Panamera's progress: The Sleuth has picked up some intel concerning Porsche's new luxury Panamera hatchback sedan that's due out in a couple of years. As he suspected, the car's controversial body shape fake hermes mens belt will undergo significant beautification that should add to its appeal. The Panamera will replica Hermes belts france also use Porsche's new front engine architecture that, along with more aluminum and composite materials, will help it drop at least 100 kilograms over the current structure. The platform will also be used by Bentley (it and Porsche are part of Volkswagen) when it builds the next generation Continental coupe. There will be new gas engine choices for the more svelte Panamera in addition to a returning hybrid edition.
Engine start stop systems might save a bit of gas, but they come at a cost: The technology that shuts off a car's engine at stoplights or in stop and go traffic and then immediately fires it back up again when the brake pedal is released, is cropping up on many new cars these days as a way to save gas. But according to what The Sneakster is hearing, stop start is not popular with buyers who don't like the shudders that can be felt throughout their vehicles each time the system does its thing. In addition, there are reports that the frequent off on cycling is shortening the life of the lead acid batteries. Automakers are apparently aware of the latter problem and are considering the introduction of energy storing ultracapacitors that would ease the draw on the batteries. As for the rough restarts, perhaps a mandatory switch that turns start stop systems off is in order. However, the Spy Guy hears that VW's brass has once again set its sights on a replacement luxury model. Apparently, the success of Hyundai Equus and Kia K900 upscale sedans has led to plans to revive the Phaeton if that's what it will be called sometime in the next three years, but after the next generation VW Passat sedan and Touareg tall wagon have been launched. Under consideration is a range of new engines, including a turbocharged V 6 plus V 8 and 12 cylinder powerplants.
Warren Buffett's majority stake purchase of the Van Tuyl Group: The man nicknamed the "Oracle of Omaha" for his savvy investment strategies now controls North America's largest privately owned auto dealership group, with 78 stores in its roster. Collectively, Van imitation hermes mens belt Tuyl sells nearly a quarter of a million cars a year and generates close to $8 billion US in revenues. Buffet will rename his purchase Berkshire Hathaway Automotive (BH is the name of his holding company). Conclusion? If Buffett is buying up dealerships, he expects demand for new vehicles to remain strong for some time to come.
No Porsche plans for a sub Boxster roadster: Apparently the speculation about Porsche building a lighter, lower cost roadster (it was even supposed to be called the 718, after a 1960s Porsche racing car) was just that. Company CEO Detlev von Patten ruled out that Porsche had any interest in, or plans for, producing such a vehicle. He further stated that if fans of the brand are seeking an affordable Porsche, they should consider purchasing a pre owned Boxster through one of the company's dealers. Ouch.
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