Cigarette smoking induces cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) expression and activity, while smoking cessation normalizes the levels of this enzyme. The aim of this publication is to summarize the data on CYP1A2 gene expression and activity in preclinical and clinical studies on the Tobacco Heating System (THS), currently marketed as IQOS® with HEETs®, and to summarize the potential effects on CYP1A2 to be expected upon switching to reduced-risk products (RRPs).To get more news about HNB, you can visit hitaste.net official website.

Data from four preclinical mouse and rat studies showed that, upon either cessation of cigarette smoke exposure or switching to THS exposure, the upregulation of CYP1A2 observed with exposure to cigarette smoke reverted close to fresh-air levels. Data from four clinical studies yielded similar results on CYP1A2 activity within a time frame of five days. Furthermore, the effects of switching to THS were similar to those seen after smoking cessation. Because smoking cessation and switching to either electronic cigarettes or THS seem to have similar effects on CYP1A2 activity, the same measures taken for patients treated with narrow therapeutic index drugs that are metabolized by CYP1A2 and who quit smoking should be recommended for those switching to RRPs.

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of mono-oxygenases are important enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs, pesticides, and endogenous metabolites [1]. Of these, human CYP1A enzymes should be considered not only in pharmacology but also in physiopathology, as they are involved in the detoxification of drugs as well as metabolic activators of harmful xenobiotics, such as aromatic amines and heterocyclic aromatic amines, that have carcinogenic potential [2,3]. There are two CYP1A isoforms expressed in humans out of which CYP1A2 is preferentially expressed and accounts for 13–15 % of the total hepatic CYP content, while CYP1A1 is considered an extrahepatic enzyme in humans [[2], [3], [4]]. Furthermore, there is no evidence of expression of CYP1A2 in extrahepatic tissues [5]. CYP1A2 is involved in the metabolism of about 9% of marketed drugs [3], such as theophylline [6], propranolol [7], verapamil [8], and clozapine [9], among others. Plasma concentrations of such drugs, therefore, depend on the activity of this enzyme [10]. Because some of the medications metabolized by CYP1A2 have a narrow therapeutic index (e.g., theophylline and clozapine), actual individual enzyme activity may have an important effect on their efficacy and tolerability, and a correspondingly individualized dose is often required for such drugs. Large inter- and intra-individual variability of CYP1A2 activity has been observed in humans [11]. This variability is partly because CYP1A2 is induced or inhibited by other drugs, environmental compounds, and dietary or lifestyle-related factors.

Cigarette smoking, for instance, has been shown to induce CYP1A2 activity, which has been quantified to be 1.72-fold higher in heavy smokers (≥20 cigarettes per day) compared to nonsmokers [12]. Additionally, sudden smoking cessation and the subsequent abolishment of CYP1A2 induction could lead to adverse drug reactions [10]. Case reports describing adverse reactions caused by elevated concentrations of different drugs after smoking cessation suggest that dose adjustment should be conducted whenever patients cease smoking while under treatment with CYP1A2-metabolized drugs, particularly those with narrow therapeutic indices [[13], [14], [15], [16], [17]]. Specifically, it is the exposure to polycyclic amino hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are products of incomplete combustion of organic matter through tobacco smoking that results in the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes [2]. Because the effect on hepatic microsomal enzymes is not related to the nicotine component of tobacco, nicotine replacement will not alter this effect [18].

Parents send their children to top international schools so they may gain a valuable education — but what exactly do they look for when choosing a school? Besides language skills and a solid higher education pathway, a survey carried out in December 2020 reveals that parents are also placing increasing importance on student wellbeing and online learning provision.To get more news about international schools, you can visit shine news official website.

Published in the latest ISC Research white paper, these findings are current concerns stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, which has either caused schools to shut down campus or reopen with health and safety protocol in place. Here’s a breakdown of the results. In this survey of top international school admissions staff in key markets, 84% rated the school’s online learning provision either “important” or “very important” to prospective parents while 83% believed the curriculum to be “very important.” Besides that, 66% reported student wellbeing support to be another major factor in selecting the right school.

As ISC Research stated, “The impact of COVID-19 has raised awareness of strategic wellbeing provision in schools further to the point that, for more parents, it is now a stated requirement in school selection.” The research further sheds light on the emphasis placed on curricula, which are increasingly dynamic and adaptable to local contexts. This mostly consists of the UK-oriented, US-oriented, International Baccalaureate, and Cambridge curricula. With all that said, parents still look to top international schools as reliable pathways to global higher education options. This is seen in the increasing demand for bilingual schooling across Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. As the paper states, “Many parents want their child to value their home language and cultural heritage as well as becoming fluent English speakers.

” “Some governments now insist on national students being provided with local culture, history, tradition and language provision and this requirement can include international schools. Many international schools independently recognise the value of this,” ISC Research communications director Anne Keeling told The PIE News. The majority of demand for international schooling now comes from local families. “Most reputable international schools now educate parents and their students about selecting ‘best fit’ universities and courses to ensure degree success and optimum career potential,” the paper also notes. It suggests that prospective parents must look beyond platitudes and promises to discern what these schools can truly offer their child.Interestingly, 91.6% of the admissions staff surveyed rated the quality of teachers as “very important” to parents surveying top international schools, although the criteria upon which their quality is judged remain vague. This suggests that parents need to do more research into the criteria they prioritise.

For instance, many favour teachers of certain nationalities or “native English speakers” without considering their qualifications or experience, nor the value of a diverse teacher demographic to the school community. On a related note, the report suggests parents are increasingly interested in contact time and accessibility to teachers and staff as they check out schools during the pandemic. “The desire for international school education may well remain, but parents want ‘more bang for their buck’; they expect value for money and that no longer just means the provision of a pathway to global higher education,” the paper concluded.

A bubble-prone housing market has been one of the most challenging sectors within the vast array of economic issues that China has faced on its road to economic modernization. One of the key approaches harnessed by policymakers in Beijing has been to limit property loans as a curb for speculative activity; however, questions remain as to the long-term feasibility of this solution to China’s property value crisis.To get more China property market news, you can visit shine news official website.

As China transitions from an agrarian society to a metropolitan-based consumption economy, Beijing has found itself locked in a constant battle to keep the rising property market in check. Beijing’s strict capital controls regime and strong-handed intervention in capital markets has left few attractive alternatives for Chinese investors outside of the domestic property market, while prevailing cultural expectations encourage young Chinese couples to buy homes and apartments before tying the knot. These two factors have significantly contributed to the market’s exponential growth over the past twenty years, tying up 78% of China’s wealth in real estate. A bubble is formed when demand sharply outstrips supply, which increases asset prices. As prices appreciate, speculators join the market and continue to push prices up.

Speculators then begin taking riskier and riskier measures to enter the market-by taking out loans at unrealistic premiums, for example-which quickly drive prices to a point at which they no longer reflect the real value of the underlying asset – all while injecting unsustainable risk into the market. Eventually, real demand begins to wane while speculative prices continue to rise, signifying the initial onset of a bubble burst. Due to the drastic economic impact of the pandemic, housing markets in many of China’s largest cities had relatively cooled off from 2019 figures. Yet, with China’s recovery, the housing market has once again begun to warm. Over recent months, housing prices in major cities from Beijing to Shenzhen have been ablaze with consumers purchasing property at record speeds. With the market approaching a similar bubble-like form as before the pandemic, concern has begun to grip at China’s financial sector.

The economic fallout of a bursting property market bubble would be catastrophic. A burst would lead to a sharp decline in property values, which would then send shockwaves through the financial industry as millions of Chinese investors trigger mass mortgage defaults. Additionally, China’s emerging middle class would be disproportionately affected, dealing a solid blow to a fragile Chinese economy that has relied on the consumer power and economic productivity of one of the most powerful economic classes in the world to emerge from the pandemic. While some argue that rising prices in the real estate market have coincided with growing household incomes and an overall increase in wealth creation among the Chinese population – and that there is no bubble in the market – these claims have been met with resounding criticism. Household debt has far outpaced income growth, with household debt-to-income ballooning to over 120% in 2019. With the pandemic spurring elevated unemployment figures and slowing income growth, this ratio is anticipated to continue growing more stark and place more pressure on lenders as the risk premium for borrowers grows.

Interestingly, the Chinese real market is unique in that it is defined by higher-than-normal down payments. While in many Western markets, down payments typically come in around 10-20% of the total property value, it is not uncommon to see down payments of 40-50% in Chinese real estate transactions. This has led to the assertion for some that a housing bubble is unlikely to arise given the lower debt-to-transaction price ratio, which acts as a lever of sorts for individuals from lower socio-economic classes to purchase properties at significant multiples of their household incomes and provide price support for high housing prices. However, with declining national savings rates, which clocked in at 44% at the end of 2019 – down 6% from its peak in 2010 – growing property prices are outpacing individuals’ ability to match the corresponding higher down payments. In turn, individuals must rely more on institutional lenders, who are either likely to reduce lending or offer loans at higher interest premiums given the lower overall liquidity of borrowers. The effects of these possibilities are likely to be felt via depressed demand for properties as the pool of potential buyers contracts. In an effort to cool the housing market to sustainable levels of growth, beginning in August 2020, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) began addressing the apparent risks of a property bubble by releasing a policy that limits loans in the sector. The new regulations are targeted towards reducing access to credit for both developers and buyers, and, poignantly, have no expiration date. They are slated to stay in place until significant evidence of cooling is witnessed throughout the country’s property market and mandates that all would-be lenders in China decrease the quantity of loans that they offer to the industry. In theory, the policy is intended to provide a security blanket for lenders around the country to limit their risk exposure should any sudden spikes or shocks rattle the housing market, while also containing the ability for widespread real estate speculation. Yet, the policy comes with a cost. When the PBOC took similar measures during China’s last housing bubble scare from 2005-11, the policy was successful in its objective, albeit led to a material decline in national economic growth. Many economists now worry that the policy could hamper economic growth at a time of severe fragility for the world’s second largest economy and contribute to another period of economic decline as was witnessed from 2012-13. The basis for the new policy is formed by two key indicators: a concentration management system (CMS) and the PBOC’s “three red lines.”

The CMS limits the capitalization of financial institutions’ property-related lending based upon a five-tier scale and the three red lines – debt-to-equity, debt-to-cash, and debt-to-assets – and functions as a bulwark against high financial risk exposure for lenders within the housing sector. However, the CMS bears an unintended impact on property developers, and by extension, the broader economy. Property developers often rely heavily on bank loans to finance new projects and investments, which have now been complicated by PBOC aims to cap annual debt growth among developers to no more than 15%. This is likely to lead to heavy ramifications for the broader Chinese economy, as real estate – even excluding housing construction and some residential consumption – accounted for 7% of China’s total GDP in 2019, while other industries directly intersecting with the sector accounted for an additional 17.2%. Equally important, a 2020 report by Harvard and Tsinghua universities estimated that a 20 per cent drop in real-estate activity could lead to a 5-10 per cent fall in China’s GDP, all other things being equal. With real estate as such a prominent sector guiding China’s economy, any cascading effects on the major stakeholders in the market are certain to bear adverse impacts on the Chinese economy at large.

In the world of athletic footwear, there have been few models in recent years as iconic as the Nike Free. The first mainstream running shoe built around the idea of allowing the foot to move freely, the Nike Free was a precursor to the “minimalist” movement (it’s development got a shout out in Born to Run). The Free line also has been influential in the design of many footwear offerings today, while remaining a staple training tool for countless athletes.To buy more NIKE FREE 5.0 with cheap price, you can visit shoesnewest.com official website.

What Makes the Nike Free Different? A cornerstone of the Nike Free running shoe concept is the deep cuts (known as “sipes”) covering a grid-like pattern throughout the sole of the shoe. These sipes allow for flexible movement in almost any direction, while the platform still provides some underfoot protection. To encourage a mid- to forefoot strike, the Nike Free platforms have lower heel-to-toe offsets compared to traditional running shoes. In the upper, the focus is on keeping structure to a minimum. A Nike Free shoe fits closer to the foot compared to a traditional running shoe, but still allows the foot to flex naturally throughout the gait cycle. Lightweight construction keeps runners from feeling weighted down.

Nike’s design intent with the Free collection is to encourage greater activation of the muscles of the foot. This in turn, according to Nike’s research, should result in a stronger and healthier foot. What Do the Numbers Mean? Nike Free models are delineated by numbers following the name. Somewhat confusingly, the numbers can mean one of two things – the version number of the shoe or the shoe’s position in the Free family. Bear with us a second here and all will become clear. Any number with a decimal (x.0) in the shoe’s name is a rating of the shoe’s structure and flexibility. A 10.0 would be a traditional running shoe, and on the other end of the spectrum, 0.0 is completely barefoot. A model’s rating is stamped on the lateral rear of the platform for easy reference.

A number without a decimal or with a “v” in front of it is the version number of the shoe. Here are some examples:Just when you thought you were starting to figure it out, Nike wants to throw you for one more loop. The shoe currently called the Free Run was previously known as the Free 5.0. It went through four versions before the name change. The latest version of the Free Run, the Free Run 3, is being updated in April 2013. So it will be the Free Run 4, right? Nope. Nike has decided to return to the Free 5.0 name for this shoe. And as we said, there were four prior versions of the Free 5.0. So, you’re thinking, that would make this upcoming model the Free 5.0 v5. Nice try, but wrong again. To avoid the confusion of having two fives in the name, Nike is simply calling this new model the Free 5.0, with no version number.

Para pemula dalam trading forex seringkali melakukan transaksi secara emosional karena minimnya pengalaman trading yang mengakibatkan kesulitan dalam memperoleh keuntungan. Beberapa cara perdagangan terburuk disajikan sebagai berikut:To get more news about Teknik Trading Yang Buruk, you can visit wikifx.com official website.
　　1) Terburu-buru dalam perdagangan di awal: Hal ini dapat menyebabkan perdagangan yang berlebihan atau penggunaan leverage yang berlebihan, sehingga menyebabkan kerugian. Harap diingat bahwa menghasilkan keuntungan 100% tidak mungkin dalam perdagangan. Karena itu, perlu bergaul dengan baik dengan pasar dan menerima ketidakpastian hasil.
　　2) Tutup transaksi secara manual: Beberapa trader menyanjung diri mereka sendiri bahwa mereka dapat memprediksi tren pasar, menutup transaksi normal hanya dimasukkan setelah pasar sedikit menyimpang dari tren, yang tidak dapat berbuat apa-apa selain mengurangi peluang yang menguntungkan!
　　3) Menyerahkan rencana perdagangan di tengah jalan: Dimotivasi oleh keuntungan, beberapa tidak sabar dalam perdagangan valas, melakukan transaksi dengan mentalitas penjudi sambil melupakan rencana dan taktik perdagangan mereka yang dirangkum dengan kerja keras dan kerja keras.
　　Namun, melanjutkan dari objektivitas pasar, perdagangan yang sukses hanya dapat dilakukan dengan mempertahankan status ideal sebanyak mungkin sebelum dan selama perdagangan. Jika Anda telah membuat kesalahan semacam ini, Anda sangat disarankan di sini untuk sering-sering melihat catatan perdagangan, melacak dan belajar dari transaksi, dan bersikeras pada taktik Anda di akhir!
　　Sebagai pengingat, Anda hanya dapat menghasilkan uang jika Anda tetap tenang sepanjang waktu dan menggunakan pendekatan yang tepat untuk mengelola risiko, mengontrol akun perdagangan, dan membentuk taktik perdagangan!
　　Unduh WikiFX untuk mendapatkan pelajaran dari para ahli yang telah berdagang valas selama lebih dari 20 tahun. (Tautan unduhan)

Meskipun analisis fundamental dan analisis teknis adalah cara umum untuk menghasilkan keuntungan, biasanya mereka bisa menjadi rumit. Sebaliknya, Price Action Trading memiliki taktik yang dibentuk hanya berdasarkan perubahan harga yang ditunjukkan oleh K-line. Beberapa bentuk dan metode perdagangan umum dengan ini diperkenalkan:To get more news about Metode Trading, you can visit wikifx.com official website.
　　(1) PinBar
　　Ini adalah bentuk yang menampilkan struktur mirip hidung dengan langit-langit atau harga dasar yang menonjol, situasi di mana harga pembukaan mendekati harga penutupan.
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　　“Hidung” ke atas yang dilihat oleh PinBar adalah indikasi pembalikan tren yang akan datang bersama dengan penurunan harga, yang menandai waktu untuk melakukan short.
　　(2) OutsideBar
　　Ini menunjukkan bahwa harga akan terus berubah ke arah yang sama.
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　　Ini adalah waktu untuk mengambil posisi beli setelah kenaikan harga dan OutsideBar bullish.
　　(3) InsideBar
　　Baik harga pembukaan maupun penutupan grafik batang tidak melebihi harga sebelumnya.
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　　Sekelompok InsideBar adalah indikator konsolidasi pasar yang sedang berlangsung, dan harga dapat merangkul penembusan ke arah tertentu.
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　　Sinyal InsideBar sangat kuat. Lebih banyak strip terjadi, InsideBar lebih andal.
　　(4) Penembusan Palsu
　　Ini mengacu pada penembusan harga yang diuji dengan penurunan pasar yang cepat yang menampilkan penghentian tren setelah penembusan. Formulir ini menunjukkan titik balik penting di pasar yang dapat menimbulkan beberapa perubahan besar.
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　　Semua yang disebutkan di atas hanyalah bagian dari Price Action tetapi cukup bagi Anda untuk memulai perdagangan!
　　Unduh WikiFX untuk mendapatkan pelajaran dari para ahli yang telah berdagang valas selama lebih dari 20 tahun. (Tautan unduhan)

El análisis fundamental estudia las razones subyacentes por las que los precios se mueven. Puede haber muchos catalizadores diferentes detrás de los movimientos en el mercado.To get more news about Calendario Económico, you can visit wikifx.com official website.
　　A menudo, los precios se mueven debido a los indicadores económicos. Estos indicadores son puntos de datos que rastrean varios sectores dentro de una economía.
　　Algunos ejemplos comunes serían el PIB, el IPC o las cifras de empleo . Todos estos puntos de datos pintan una imagen de la salud general de una economía.
　　Hay literalmente cientos de puntos de datos publicados semanalmente. Algunos de estos indicadores económicos son más importantes que otros.
　　Los comerciantes deben realizar un seguimiento de estos puntos de datos. Además, también necesitan saber cuáles son importantes.
　　La buena noticia es que hay herramientas disponibles para ayudarnos con esto. Se llaman Calendarios financieros.
　　En este artículo discutiremos los siguientes puntos:
　　• ¿Por qué es importante realizar un seguimiento de los indicadores económicos？
　　• ¿Qué es un Calendario financiero？
　　• Cómo ver cuándo ocurren los eventos económicos
　　• Cómo saber qué eventos económicos son importantes
　　• Evaluar lo que los mercados esperan de los eventos económicos.
　　• Poniéndolo todo junto
　　¿Por qué es importante realizar un seguimiento de los indicadores económicos？
　　Los principiantes a menudo se preguntan si los puntos de datos de seguimiento son necesarios. Comprender quién usa estos indicadores generalmente aclara esta pregunta.
　　Las instituciones más importantes de los mercados financieros son los Bancos Centrales . Según el BCE , los bancos centrales administran la moneda y la oferta monetaria de un país.
　　Esto significa que son responsables de establecer la política monetaria. Cada ciclo económico de una economía requiere políticas diferentes .
　　El componente clave utilizado en la política monetaria es la gestión de las tasas de interés . Los bancos centrales aumentan y reducen las tasas de interés en función de la salud de la economía.
　　Cuando una economía está en auge, los bancos centrales suelen subir las tasas de interés. En contraste, una economía en recesión generalmente requiere que los bancos centrales reduzcan las tasas.
　　Las tasas de interés son un factor importante a la hora de determinar los valores de las divisas . En consecuencia, hace que la política monetaria sea muy importante para los operadores de divisas.
　　Entonces, ¿cómo miden los bancos centrales qué política monetaria es la adecuada？ Lo hacen evaluando los indicadores económicos de su economía.
　　Los comerciantes conocen el impacto que las tasas de interés pueden tener en los valores de las divisas. Por lo tanto, intentan anticipar cambios futuros de política monetaria.
　　Hacer un seguimiento de los indicadores económicos es una parte esencial de este proceso.

1.沒有絕對的完美。即便是有嚴格監管，且有一定經營年限的老牌券商，多多少少也會出現問題。To get more news about 外匯教學, you can visit wikifx.com official website.
　　2.預警提醒不容忽視。雖然有些平台已經被外匯天眼判定為黑平台，但還是有人上當受騙，這說明了什麼？說明部分投資人還是耳根子軟，抱有僥倖心理。在黑平台的花言巧語面前，失去了理性判斷，把這些警示全都拋之腦後。
　　3.監管，是安全投資的第一道保護屏。在上面這22家中，16家平台沒有實際有效的外匯監管，其中近一半的平台還是最近剛出現的，有些則是被檢舉之後立馬“換殼”繼續行騙。因為對詐騙團夥而言，他們的主要目標就是那些對外匯一竅不通的新手小白。比起在監管牌照上下功夫，他們更願意製造、變更虛假外匯投資網站。
　　外匯天眼提醒各位投資者：
　　雖然沒有絕對的完美，但那些在本質上已經有問題的無監管平台，一定要遠離，“監管”二字真不只是說說而已！
　　想了解平台有無監管？想知道使用者的真實體驗評價？想全方位、360度環評平台資質？

Злоумышленники обманули участников сабреддита WallStreetBets на более чем $2 млн. и скрылись с полученными от пользователей платформы средствами.To get more news about крупная афера, you can visit wikifx.com official website.
　　Как пишет издание Bloomberg, неизвестные, с целью обмануть участников форума и получить деньги, использовали фейковую продажу токенов через Telegram аккаунт «WallStreetBets – Crypto Pumps» или WallStreetBets – пампы криптовалют. Как известно, памп – это искусственный рост актива, а в качестве яркого примера пампа можно назвать позитивную динамику Dogecoin после того, как Илон Маск в своем микроблоге упомянул о ней.
　　Участники данного аккаунта были уверены в том, что с ее помощью они получат информацию о предстоящих пампах на крипторынке.
　　В определенный момент инвесторам предложили купить токены WSB Finance до официального листинга цифрового актива на торговых платформах. По словам мошенников, схема была такова:
　　1. Инвесторы покупают премайненные WSB Finance.
　　2. В момент листинга WSB Finance курс криптовалюты выходит в рост.
　　3. На фоне позитивного движения WSB Finance, инвесторы смогут выгодно продать цифровой актив.
　　Мошенники продавали криптовалюту за Binance Coin (BNB) и Ethereum (ETH). После того, как покупатели переводили деньги, им предлагали перейти в бот Telegram, чтобы получить WSB Finance.
　　В один из моментов мошенники заявили о наличии технических проблем, из-за которых они, по-видимому, не могут перевести криптовалюту. Инвесторам предложили повторно отправить такую же сумму цифровых активов, что они ранее уже заплатили. В противном случае мошенники пригрозили потерей первоначальных вложений.
　　Bloomberg опубликовал скрины, где видны все вышеперечисленные пункты. Издание подчеркнуло, что мошенники смогли получить, как минимум, $2.1 млн..
　　Не известно, сколько Ethereum инвесторы передали мошенникам.
　　Вскоре, мошенники перевели активы с адресов, на которые пользователи скидывали крипту, а телеграм-канал на момент написания статьи был удален.
　　Будьте осторожны и пользуйтесь только проверенными источниками. Скачивайте приложение WikiFX, чтобы также не попасться на удочку мошенников.

Mga Diskarte sa Pag-trade ng WikiFX (Ika-6 ng Mayo taong 2021) - Ang MT4 ay karaniwang ginagamit sa Forex trading ngunit alam mo ba ito nang malawakan？ Tulad ng naturan, inilalabas ng WikiFX ang maraming mga lihim ng MT4 bilang mga sumusunod upang matulungan kang makahanap ng mga Forex broker na angkop para sa iyo!To get more news about MT4, you can visit wikifx.com official website.
　　1. Dami at lokasyon ng MT4 server
　　1) Ang mga server ng MT4 ng higanteng mga broker ng Forex ay madalas na matatagpuan sa U.S. o sa U.K., na sinusundan ng mga estado ng miyembro ng EU o Singapore.
　　2) Ang dami ng mga opisyal na server ng MT4 sa pangkalahatan ay higit sa tatlo.
　　2. Mga impluwensya ng distansya mula sa mga server sa Forex trading
　　Ang mas maikli ang distansya mula sa mga server ay, mas mabilis ang pagpapatupad ng kalakalan. Ang mga order sa pangangalakal ay kailangang ilipat sa mga server para sa pagproseso kapag nagawa na ito, na humahantong sa sitwasyon kung saan ang oras ng pagpapatupad ay dapat na maapektuhan ng distansya mula sa mga server, na hindi maiiwasan ang pagkaantala.
　　3. Data processing center ng mga server ng MT4
　　Maaari nitong malutas ang pagkaantala na nabanggit sa itaas. Bilang isang proxy server, nai-save ng sentro ng pagproseso ng data ang oras ng pagkonekta sa pagitan ng mga kliyente at pangunahing mga server, na kinumpleto ang pagproseso ng order sa isang direktang pamamaraan. Samakatuwid, ang kahusayan sa trabaho ng mga server ng MT4 ay maaaring mapahusay.
　　Bilang karagdagan, gumagana pa rin ang sentro na ito upang palakasin ang proteksyon sa pangangalakal kung papasok ang pangunahing mga server.
　　Maaari kang magtanong sa mga Forex broker tungkol sa paraan ng kanilang pag-set up ng kanilang mga server at mga sentro ng pagproseso ng data, sa gayon makikilala kung maaasahan sila batay sa impormasyong ito!　　Ang WikiFX, isang kagamitan para sa paghahanap ng impormasyon ng mga Forex broker, ay tanyag sa mga pandaigdigang nakatatandang namumuhunan!