Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can increase the risk of stroke, heart failure, and other heart-related complications. Its incidence increases with age and the presence of concomitant heart disease. We present the cases of a 93-year-old woman, an 82-year-old man, and an 87-year-old woman who developed AF tachycardia. This report highlights the use of a bisoprolol transdermal patch to treat AF tachycardia in 3 adult elderly patients. In this paper, we report an initial treatment strategy using a bisoprolol transdermal patch and show heart rate trends for 24 hours.wisepoqder Bisoprolol powder

1. Introduction

Clinical atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased rates of stroke, heart failure, mortality, hospitalization, and cognitive decline, much of which may present suddenly and constitute irretrievable harm [1, 2]. AF symptoms often include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and weakness. Rate control is possible in the majority of patients with AF. Beta- (β-) blockers have been the most effective drugs [3]. However, swallowing tablets or capsules is sometimes difficult for elderly people because of dysphagia [4]. Moreover, aspiration pneumonia can be associated with dysphagia [5]. Bisoprolol is also available as a transdermal patch in Japan. Medication adherence is better with the use of a transdermal patch than with the use of tablets, particularly in elderly patients who might have difficulty with oral administration. In this paper, we report an initial treatment strategy for AF tachycardia using a bisoprolol transdermal patch in elderly patients.

2. Case Presentation

This 93-year-old woman, a resident of a special elderly care nursing home, was referred to our hospital for the treatment of cellulitis. She related a history of treatment for hypertension and atrial fibrillation (AF). Upon arrival, her blood pressure (BP) was 119/83 mmHg and heart rate (HR) was 82 bpm. An electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated AF and a complete right bundle branch block (Figure 1(a)). During the treatment for cellulitis using antibiotics, she complained of dyspnea. Her HR increased to 140 bpm and her chest X-ray (CXR) showed pulmonary edema and congestion (Figure 1(b)). Echocardiography demonstrated preserved cardiac contractility with an ejection fraction (EF) of 60%, indicating heart failure with a preserved EF. She was administered furosemide (20 mg/day) to treat heart failure. In addition, a bisoprolol transdermal patch (2 mg) was applied to her chest. Her HR trends were significantly decreased within 8 hours and the control of HR continued for 24 hours (Figure 2). Eventually, her CXR and symptoms improved.
An 82-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of ileus. He related a history of treatment for persistent AF and hypertension. He was administered bisoprolol fumarate tablets (2.5 mg/day) for AF before admission. His HR on admission was 87 bpm. However, he could not take oral medicine because of fasting for treatment of ileus. After 3 days of fasting, he developed AF tachycardia and his HR increased to 150 bpm. Bisoprolol transdermal patch (4 mg) was applied to his chest. This dose was equal to a 2.5 mg bisoprolol fumarate tablet. His HR trends were significantly decreased after 8 hours of bisoprolol transdermal patch, and the frequency and duration of AF decreased until 24 hours after administration (Figure 3).

Upsher-Smith Laboratories, LLC (Upsher-Smith) today announced that it has received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of its abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) for Bumetanide Tablets, USP, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, and 2 mg. Bumetanide Tablets are a generic version of the brand product, Bumex (bumetanide) Tablets.* wisepoqder Bumetanide

The bumetanide tablet market had U.S. sales of approximately $84.5 million for the 12 months ending November, 2017 according to IMS Health."Last year was an exciting one for Upsher-Smith," said Rusty Field, President and CEO of Upsher-Smith. "We were part of one of the largest pharmaceutical transactions of the year and continued to expand our generic product portfolio. We are pleased to begin this year by adding Bumetanide Tablets to our portfolio of quality generic products."

Upsher-Smith Laboratories, LLC is a trusted U.S. pharmaceutical company that has strived to deliver quality, affordable generic medications for nearly a century. In June 2017, Upsher-Smith was acquired by Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., a large publicly traded generics company in Japan that had been seeking entry into the U.S. market. Upsher-Smith and Sawai share a strikingly similar family history and hold many of the same cherished goals and values— most importantly, the philosophy of always putting patients first. Upsher-Smith will continue to do those things it does best, which is provide a consistent supply of quality, affordable medications and invest in its historically strong industry relationships. Ultimately, Upsher-Smith believes the acquisition by Sawai represents a tremendous opportunity to leverage each company for growth worldwide and embark together on an exciting new chapter in generics.

Bumetanide belongs to a group of medicines called loop diuretics or "water pills." Bumetanide is given to help treat fluid retention (edema) and swelling that is caused by congestive heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, or other medical conditions. It works by acting on the kidneys to increase the flow of urine .
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For bumetanide, the following should be considered:wisepoqder Bumetanide powder

Allergies
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to bumetanide or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric
Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of bumetanide in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established .

Geriatric
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatrics-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of bumetanide in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related liver, kidney, or heart problems, which may require an adjustment of dosage in patients receiving bumetanide .There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking bumetanide, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using bumetanide with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.Using bumetanide with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Using bumetanide with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Monotherapy may be insufficient to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) for some patients with glaucoma, but therapy with 2 agents may be incon­venient and result in poor adherence. Yamamoto et al. reported results of 2 phase 3 randomized controlled trials in which a fixed-dose combination of 2% carteolol and 0.005% latanoprost, given as a single therapeutic (termed OPC-1085EL), was evaluated for safety and efficacy. OPC-1085EL was com­pared with carteolol and latanoprost administered as monotherapies or as separate concomitant therapies. The authors found that OPC-1085EL was well tolerated and reduced IOP more than the monotherapy and comparably to the concomitant therapy.wisepoqder Carteolol powder

The trials were conducted at several centers in Japan and included patients with bilateral primary open-angle glau­coma or ocular hypertension. After a 4-week period with latanoprost or car­teolol monotherapy, patients received 8 weeks of treatment with monotherapy, concomitant therapy, or OPC-1085EL applied daily in the morning.

In study 1, the mean reduction in baseline-adjusted IOP for the 113 patients treated with OPC-1085EL (2.9 mm Hg) was significantly better than for the 116 patients treated with latanoprost monotherapy (1.6 mm Hg). In study 2, the mean reduction in baseline-adjusted IOP was significantly better for OPC-1085EL (n = 76; 3.5 mm Hg) than for carteolol (n = 76; 1.6 mm Hg). IOP reduction in the 37 patients who received carteolol and latanoprost concomitantly was similar to that in recipients of OPC-1085EL. In both studies, OPC-1085EL was toler­ated well and associated with only mild adverse drug reactions.

The authors concluded that OPC-1085EL is similar to concomitant ther­apy in terms of IOP-reducing efficacy but offers greater convenience. They noted that subsequent studies are need­ed to evaluate it for a longer duration, administered at other times of day, and in more diverse populations.

witching patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension from concomitant latanoprost and carteolol HCL to a latanoprost/carteolol fixed combination led to similar IOP control and good patient satisfaction.wisepoqder Carteolol

Forty-three patients (43 eyes) who were using latanoprost in the evening and carteolol HCl (CH) in the morning were switched to latanoprost/carteolol fixed combination, once daily in the morning.Researchers found IOP values recorded at 1 and 3 months after switching from latanoprost and CH to the latanoprost/carteolol fixed combination (LCFC) were not significantly different from those at baseline.

Furthermore, they found no difference in the IOP values obtained using the LCFC according to the type of glaucoma, baseline IOP or number of medications contained in the original regimen.

In addition, corneal epithelial defects were significantly reduced, and tear break-up time was significantly increased.Nineteen patients said they missed doses with less frequency after switching to LCFC, and 29 patients rated the eye drop container as more user-friendly.

Thirty-three patients (80.5%) preferred LCFC, according to the study. – by Abigail Sutton.We’ve got great beer and poutine (just ask the Google) and several excellent prostaglandin analog/beta-blocker (PGA/BB) fixed combination (FC) drugs that play a prominent role in my glaucoma practice.

Inoue and colleagues, using protocol very similar to routine clinical care, have arrived at conclusions that mirror those of prior investigators: PGA/BB FC drugs lower IOP as well as the individual constituents used concomitantly, have a favorable safety profile, decrease ocular irritation and increase patient satisfaction.

In managing any chronic and initially asymptomatic disease, poor adherence is a prominent contributor to treatment failure: Drugs don’t work for people who don’t take them. Cost, convenience and comfort are integral. The latter two can, at least in part, be addressed through leveraging FC; in fact, it is possible to prescribe drugs from four classes, using as few as three or four drops from just two bottles, only one of which is preserved with BAK (and at an extremely low concentration, to boot).

Simplifying dosing schedules and minimizing iatrogenic complications encourage adherence and, in doing so, help control disease progression. Fixed combinations, while not without limitations, are one means to that end.

The local hemodynamic effect of pindolol, a nonselective beta-blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, was investigated in 17 healthy volunteers. Changes in forearm blood flow (FBF) in response to infusion of drugs into the brachial artery were measured by plethysmography. Pindolol increased FBF dose dependently to a maximal value of 62 +/- 8% (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.001) without inducing changes in heart rate or blood pressure. For a single dose of pindolol the maximal effect on FBF was seen after approximately 4 minutes of infusion, and this effect persisted for at least 12 minutes after the infusion. wisepoqder Pindolol powder
The pindolol-induced increase in FBF was reduced by concomitant infusion of propranolol (p less than 0.001). Intra-arterial infusion of practolol did not influence FBF. No significant influence of pindolol was found on the vasoconstriction induced by the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor agonist methoxamine, the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist BHT-933, or angiotensin II. Measurement of plasma pindolol concentrations in the venous effluent of the forearm suggested that vasodilatation occurred at drug levels within the therapeutic range. These results indicate that the beta-blocker pindolol has vasodilatory properties owing to stimulation of vascular beta 2-adrenergic receptors and that this effect may be of therapeutic relevance.
The drug pindolol was proven to reduce alcohol consumption, in particularly binge drinking, according to the study from Queensland University of technology researchers. The good news is, if the drug is proved successful following the completion of human clinical trials, then it already has Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Neuroscientist Professor Selena Bartlet, from the tnstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, said it would provide an inexpensive approach to treating alcohol dependence.

‘Drugs currently used for AUDs (alcohol use disorders) – acamprosate, naltrexone and disulfiram – have limited success – so this is a ground-breaking development with enormous potential. ‘In an internationally-significant breakthrough, our study showed pindolol was able to reduce ethanol/alcohol consumption, particularly in relation to binge drinking, a key behaviour observed in human alcohol dependence.’

One in three US adults – about 75 million people – have high blood pressure (hypertension). High blood pressure is diagnosed when the systolic blood pressure (the upper blood pressure number) is greater than 130-140 or the diastolic blood pressure (the lower blood pressure number) is above 80-90 on three or more occasions. Hypertension increases a person's risk of developing serious health problems such as coronary heart disease (including heart attack), heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease.wisepoqder Indapamide powder

Controlling hypertension with medication is known to help reduce the risk of these life-threatening events. Several medications are available to treat hypertension. However, it might surprise you to know that an older medicine, indapamide (Lozol), has become a top choice in hypertension therapy due to some unique benefits.

Indapamide is a diuretic (also called a "water pill") approved by the FDA in 1983. Indapamide acts on the kidneys to boost the elimination of sodium, potassium, and water in the urine. This results in increased urination, which lowers blood pressure by reducing the fluid in blood vessels and body tissues. Indapamide also opens up blood vessels, further reducing the blood pressure and easing stress on the heart.

So, what about its unique characteristics? First, indapamide has a longer duration of action and controls blood pressure better than most other diuretics. Second, indapamide has been shown to work better than other types of high blood pressure drugs at preventing heart failure. Finally, a large clinical study showed that the combination of indapamide and another blood pressure medicine (perindopril) reduced the risk of heart attack, stroke, and death in people with type 2 diabetes.

A dose of indapamide lowers the blood pressure for 24 hours or more, so patients only need to take the medicine once a day. However, if adverse effects happen they can last for a long time. After an overdose, unwanted effects such as excessively low blood pressure, dehydration, weakness, and confusion can continue for up to 3 days. A shorter duration is expected if side effects occur after normal doses.

With regular prescribed use, the most common side effects of indapamide are fluid loss and low blood potassium. If the potassium level drops too much, a potassium supplement might be prescribed. You can also add potassium-rich foods to your diet such as bananas, oranges, avocados, spinach, watermelon, and sweet potatoes. Seniors and patients with heart disease should take special care to drink plenty of fluids to guard against dehydration while taking a diuretic.

If an adult unintentionally takes an extra dose of their indapamide, it is not likely to be a problem. Maintaining good fluid intake and monitoring at home for symptoms of low blood pressure (such as dizziness and nausea) are recommended. Safe single doses can range up to 5 mg in most adults, or up to 2.5 mg in those aged 65 years or older. If a child unintentionally gets into indapamide, treatment will depend on age. Since this drug has not been studied in children, monitoring in a healthcare facility might be needed.

This post will take a look at the key ways third parties could be snooping on your online activities right now.
Government surveillance
Your government is almost certainly spying on you. In the U.S., the National Security Agency (NSA) legally collects private data including:
Emails, messages and other data from your accounts with AOL, Apple, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, PalTalk, Skype, Yahoo, YouTube, and others
Internet traffic passing through undersea fiber optic cables, which it taps in collaboration with governments around the world
Cell phone locations in some countries outside the U.S. It collects around 5 billion records per day
In the UK, the Tempora program intercepts internet traffic for surveillance purposes in partnership with the country’s telecom companies and the NSA.
These are just the programs we know about, based on leaked information. So there’s also the possibility that new and secret surveillance programs are spying on us in other ways, too.
Unsecure internet connections
You might have secured your own network and computers with firewall and security software. You probably also have an authenticated connection to your ISP. But how secure is the path your data takes when you transmit it over the internet?
Unless you’re using a VPN, not very. When you send or receive data packets online, you know when they reach their destination. But you don’t know which networks that data passed through on its way to that destination—or who might have made a copy. It’s possible that your internet traffic is being spied on, by other parties as well as government agencies.
Malicious software
If your computer is infected with malicious software, then it could be spying on you too. Types of malware that can steal your data include:
Keyloggers – These programs record every keystroke you make and send it to a third party, to track your activity or steal information like credit card numbers.
Adware – Websites you visit are tracked and sent to a third party, which uses the data to target ads based on your browsing history.
Spyware – Software that appears to serve a useful purpose but that also steals your data. The infamous CoolWebSearch download presented itself as a browser add-on, but it also stole chatlogs, account credentials, bank information and more.
Third-party tracking cookies
Web advertising distribution networks get a cookie from your browser every time you see one of their ads. Each cookie includes information that identifies you, either by your IP address or your browser’s unique identifier.
If the ad distributor is big enough, you’ll see their ads on lots of different sites. And they’ll get a cookie each time. The result is that the advertiser can track your browsing activity and use the data to target ads more effectively.
Most commercial websites now warn you that “This website uses cookies to improve the user experience.”
Whether or not this constitutes spying is a matter of perspective. But these tracking cookies could undoubtedly be considered a sneaky invasion of your privacy.
Measures to protect you from spies
If you want to protect your data from secret surveillance, consider the following steps.
Use a VPN to encrypt your internet traffic, so spies can’t open data packets even if they intercept them
Install security software and keep it up to date, to protect your computer from malware and hackers
Disable third-party cookies in your browser. It’s a simple option in Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox, and others.
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Most people think of privacy as a fundamental right. The right to have a personal conversation without someone listening, the right to keep your belongings out of public view.

believes that individual privacy is something everyone deserves.

For a long time on the internet, there was an illusion of privacy. From secure online shopping payments to password-protected social network accounts—we were told our information was protected and safe. Perhaps you still believe it is?

But for many people, events like mass NSA surveillance and the theft of celebrities’ personal photographs have changed perceptions about internet privacy. It seems all too easy for hackers to get into our stuff—and much of that ‘hacking’ is government-sponsored.

Getting your data is like taking candy from a baby
There have been many high profile cases of hacking and surveillance in the past few years.

The National Security Agency: The NSA legally monitors every American’s phone records, has access to phone and internet traffic in the U.S. and abroad, and hacks targets as it sees fit. The UK and other governments do it too.
Celebrity photo theft: Anonymous posted over 500 celebrity photos on the 4chan image board in 2014, many containing nudity. Apple’s iCloud service is believed to be the source of the breach.
eBay: The online shopping service was hacked in mid-2014, exposing millions of users’ passwords and data.
Target: 70 million Target customers had their credit card data stolen in 2014 after hackers found a security hole in the company’s systems.
PlayStation Network: The online game service was hacked by LulzSec in 2011, resulting in the theft of around 77 million users’ account data.
When our data is stolen and monitored so often, from big companies who insist our data is safe in their hands, it seems sensible to be a little less trusting with our information.

The cost of free online services is your privacy
If you use free web email and social media services, then you also give up your private information to third parties every day.

There’s a reason these services are free. Some of the ways they use your data include:

Ad targeting: Search engines, social networks, and other services track your activities, so they can target you with ads.
Selling your data: With your consent, and sometimes without, companies you sign up with online often sell your information to marketing list makers. Junk mail ahoy!
Monitoring your email: Many popular free webmail services monitor your messages for criminal activity and may be legally obliged to share your data with government agencies.
Of course, you might well be aware of all this – and yet you probably still choose to use Facebook, Gmail, Twitter and so on.

After all, nothing is really free. Maybe giving up a little of your information is worth it?

Malicious hackers
Another major threat to Internet privacy is one we can probably all agree is unwelcome.

Symantec’s “2014 Internet Security Threat Report” found that malware, phishing and other attacks on our personal computers led to the exposure of over 552 million identities in 2013. There was a 62% increase in the number of breaches and a 91% increase in targeted attacks campaigns in the same year.

With online crime on the increase, the future of internet privacy appears far from safe.

Privacy steps you can take
When all’s said and done though, who is responsible for your privacy online? You are.

Anyone who wants to keep their data totally private could stay off the internet, but that isn’t much of an option in today’s world. So it’s about taking the right security steps and making informed choices about how we share our data. Sometimes, as with government surveillance, those choices are out of our hands. But there are steps you can take to increase your privacy.

Take security measures: Keep your online accounts safe, reduce the risk of security breaches by keeping your software up to date and by using security software. Stay aware of common online risks.
Be careful who you sign up with: Don’t trust every cloud service with a fancy website. Research online, read the terms of service, and look for how they’ll use your data.
Use a VPN service: VPN services encrypt your Internet traffic so that third parties can’t snoop on your activities. Data is much more secure when you connect to the Internet via a VPN.
Read more top internet privacy tips here.

A connected world probably means less privacy
So is internet privacy a lost cause? As we’ve seen, putting our personal information in the hands of big companies is not very secure. There’s a real risk it will be stolen. And that risk seems to be increasing.

Using online services means willfully giving up a bit of our privacy. But because we want to be part of a connected world, many of us are happy to do so.

In the internet economy, your data is valuable currency. Internet privacy isn’t likely to get any easier in the future. Stay aware, stay secure, and choose how you share your data carefully. And, of course, don’t forget to use a VPN to protect your data.
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The difference between right and wrong is rarely black and white. When it comes to the big moral issues around internet privacy—from government surveillance to Facebook privacy—you might have your own opinions. But there are two sides to every story.

Let’s take a look at some of the current moral issues surrounding internet privacy.

The law’s guidance on internet privacy
Perhaps the most clear-cut moral issue relating to internet privacy is the use of spyware, and other malicious software, to steal private information and commit cybercrime.

In the U.S., Europe, and other countries, many cyber crimes have been outlawed – reflecting a consensus that stealing is wrong.

In the U.S., federal laws against cybercrime cover:

Unfair or deceptive acts or practices
Credit card fraud
Fraud in connection with identification documents and information
Fraud in connection with access devices
Fraud in connection with computers
These laws make it illegal to invade someone’s privacy in order to steal from them. But they also outlaw hacking that isn’t malicious.

The morality of hacking
In May 2014, the Guardian reported that some of the world’s best security researchers were under threat of indictment for their efforts to expose vulnerabilities in internet infrastructure.

The U.S. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act outlaws hacking or breaking into private networks and systems. But internet security experts use hacking projects to uncover security flaws with the intention of fixing them. For example, the Critical.IO project discovered a weakness in the UPnP protocol that put up to 50 million computers at risk and fixed it—by hacking private computers.

Because of this and many similar incidents, lots of people believe that cybercrime laws should take into account the intent behind hacking, and not just the act itself.

The creep factor
Threats to privacy on the internet don’t only come from criminals. We also willingly give up our personal data on a daily basis, to online services like Facebook and Google.

In these cases, our data isn’t stolen, but many public concerns have arisen over how corporations use the data. For Facebook, holding the personal data of hundreds of millions of users has created an expectation among those users that the company should use it reasonably and protect their privacy. In the past few years, users have raised complaints about:

Sharing of their private information on Facebook with third-party websites and applications, which could be used for data mining
Confusing privacy settings that prevented many users from being able to control their privacy effectively
Bugs that allowed third parties to invade users’ privacy, including one that enabled posting to any Facebook user’s wall
In none of these cases had Facebook broken privacy laws. But in each case, users found their information was being used in a way they did not expect and did not like. These disturbing and unexpected uses of our data are known as the “creep factor.”

The creep factor demonstrates that for companies to use private data ethically, they must be very clear about what they’re doing with it—even if what they’re doing with it is legal. Otherwise, people get a little creeped out.

Freedom of information or the right to be forgotten?
A key feature of the Internet that affects our privacy is its inability to forget. Web pages about individuals often stay online and searchable indefinitely, potentially affecting the subject’s reputation.

In May 2014, the European Union ruled that its citizens had a “right to be forgotten” and told Google it must delete “inadequate, irrelevant or no longer relevant” pages from its search results.

The case led to debates between those who believe privacy is a human right and those who prioritize freedom of information.

The downside of internet anonymity
While many internet privacy issues are about the exposure of identities, it’s also possible to use many online services anonymously. And often, that anonymity is used for evil.

Doxxing is the act of hacking someone’s personal information (including their address, contact information, and banking details) and posting it anonymously online. In August 2014, hackers posted social security information, PayPal details and other private information belonging to the game developer Phil Fish. Fish later announced he would be leaving the games industry.

Other doxxing victims have included Mel Gibson and the LAPD police chief. Perpetrators might argue that these people got what they deserved, but their actions are hard to defend.

Government surveillance: Necessary or evil?
The governments of most nations, including the U.S. and those in Europe, tap internet traffic as part of national security programs.

While revelations about NSA surveillance in the U.S. led to privacy concerns and talk of a “surveillance state,” many conservative thinkers believe “we need an invasive NSA” to protect against cyber intrusions.

As with all moral issues about internet privacy, there are two sides to the story—that of the person giving up their private data, and that of the person storing it.

What are your thoughts on internet surveillance and privacy online? Is there ever a good reason for a government to spy on its citizens? Or should they all leave us alone?
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