Study finds electronic cigarettes damage brain stem cells

Aresearch team at the University of California, Riverside, has found that Electronic Cigarettes Wholesale, often targeted to youth and pregnant women, produce a stress response in neural stem cells, which are critical cells in the brain.
Present throughout life, stem cells become specialized cells with more specific functions, such as brain cells, blood cells, or bone. Far more sensitive to stress than the specialized cells they become, stem cells provide a model to study exposure to toxicants, such as cigarette smoke.

Electronic cigarettes, or ECs, are nicotine-delivery devices that aerosolize nicotine and flavor chemicals through heating. Researchers do not yet understand how the chemicals in ECs might affect neural stem cells, particularly their mitochondria — organelles that serve as the cell’s powerhouses and are critical in regulating cell health.

Using cultured mouse neural stem cells, the UC Riverside researchers identified the mechanism underlying EC-induced stem cell toxicity as “stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion,” or SIMH. SIMH is a protective, survival response,” said Prue Talbot, a professor in the Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology who led the research. “Our data show that exposure of stem cells to e-liquids, aerosols, or nicotine produces a response that leads to SIMH.”

The study, performed on Vuse, a leading EC brand, appears in iScience, an open-access journal from Cell Press.

“Although originally introduced as safer, ECs, such as Vuse and JUUL, are not harmless,” said Atena Zahedi, the first author of the research paper who received her doctoral degree in bioengineering this year. “Even short-term exposure can stress cells in a manner that may lead, with chronic use, to cell death or disease. Our observations are likely to pertain to any product containing nicotine.”The high levels of nicotine in ECs lead to a nicotine flooding of special receptors in the neural stem cell membrane,” Zahedi said. “Nicotine binds to these receptors, causing them to open up. Calcium and other ions begin to enter the cell. Eventually, a calcium overload follows.”

Zahedi explained that too much calcium in the mitochondria is harmful. The mitochondria then swell, changing their morphology and function. They can even rupture and leak molecules that lead to cell death.

“If the nicotine stress persists, SIMH collapses, the neural stem cells get damaged and could eventually die,” Zahedi said. “If that happens, no more specialized cells — astrocytes and neurons, for example — can be produced from stem cells.”

Zahedi added that damaged stem cell mitochondria could accelerate aging and lead to neurodegenerative diseases. Neural stem cells can get exposed to nicotine through the olfactory route, she explained. Users inhale the fumes, which can travel through the olfactory tracks to reach the brain.
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VAPEFLY JESTER REBUILDABLE DRIPPING POD VAPE KIT 1000MAH & 2ML

Vapefly Jester Kit is the first rebuildable dripping pod system kit. Powered by 1000mAh built-in battery powerful and offering long endurance. There are three output voltage, 3.3V/3.8V/4.8V, for your selection. The 2ml refillable pod adopts top filling with easy operation, and child lock and no leakingdesign makes it more outstanding! There are Two types of cartridges for your selection: one is rebuildable dripping cartridge with single coil build deck to meet your DIY vaping needs, and the other is regular refillable cartridge with unique 0.5ohm mesh coil and adjustable bottom airflow to bring you purer flavor. In addition, the battery status can be simply told from the three LED indicator lights. Enjoy the sparkle of vaping life brought by Jester!

Feature:
First rebuildable dripping pod system
Optional rebuildable dripping pod and refillable mesh pod
Unique mesh pod and adjustable airflow for purer flavor
Pod release button for easy movement with child-lock design
3 output modes meet different needs
2ml e-liquid capacity, easy to refillable
Top add can effectively prevent oil leakage

Technical Data:
Size: 33 x 18.2 x 91mm
Pod capacity: 2.0ml
Battery: 1000mAh built-in Battery
3 Output Modes: 3.3/3.8/4.8V
Coil resistance: 0.5ohm Mesh coil, 1.0ohm coil
Rebuildable Dripping Pod Recommended: 0.8-1.5ohm

Package Includes:
Jester Pod DIY Edition:
1 x Vapefly Jester Battery
1 x Vapefly Jester Cartridge
1 x Vapefly Jester Dripping Cartridge
1 x 0.5ohm Mesh Coil
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2 x Firebolt cotton
1 x USB Cable
4 x Screws
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Vaporesso GEN 220W TC Box Mod Features:

AXON Chipset
Dimensions - 146mm by 54mm by 30mm
Dual High-Amp 18650 Batteries - Not Included
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Zinc-Alloy Chassis Construction
Soft Touch Rubberized Coating
Power Mode
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OLED Display Screen
Two Adjustment Buttons
Short Circuit Protection
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MicroUSB Port
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Best Cheap Vape Mods Under $50

Getting started with vaping doesn’t have to be expensive. We conducted several polls asking cheap vape deals to vote for their favorite devices, and this post will use the results to put together a definitive list of the best cheap vape mods, ecig mods, and box mods under $50. Not only are these devices widely-loved by vapers, you can pick each one up for less than the average price of 10 packs of cigarettes – and much fewer if you live in a state with high cigarette prices like New York.

So what are the best vape mods for under $50? For anybody interested in starting to vape but not wanting to spend too much getting set up, these affordable e-cigarettes are the perfect solution.

This isn’t an exhaustive list, though, so even if none of our readers’ or our staff's picks for the best ecig mods under $50 appeals to you, there are many other options on the market too – we’ll be adding a buying guide soon to help you find a device that’s both high quality and affordable.So here’s the top 10 cheap vape mods for under $50! This list was created based on the results of our polls of the best starter kits and VV/VW (variable voltage and variable wattage) vape mods, and based on prices at the time of most recent update (April 2019).
The Smok Priv V8 kicks off this list of the best beginner e-cigarettes on the market thanks to the super-affordable price, it’s compact and stylish design and the fact it still has a substantial power output. It runs on a single 18650 battery – which you have to pick up separately – but it’s still really beginner-friendly and the performance is up there with that from much more complicated mods.

The Priv V8 is a direct voltage output device, which means that the power you get from it depends on the charge level of the battery. On a full charge and with a 0.15 ohm coil, you’ll be vaping at an impressive 60 W. It has a side-mounted fire bar, so you just squeeze to vape, and LED lights serve as indicators to let you know the battery level and help you monitor charging. The device comes with the TFV8 Baby Beast tank, which has a top-filling design, a 3 ml juice capacity and two 0.25 ohm dual coil atomizer heads.

The price is one of the biggest selling-points of the device, available for just $31.95. If you want a straightforward but high-performance vaping experience without breaking the bank, this is an outstanding option.
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Vaporesso GEN 220W Box Mod

The vaporesso gen mod 220W Box MOD is easily accessible to make high power devices than before. The GEN MOD has 220W power, of course there ia smooth and durable great texture. GEN can give extra throughout every inhale to provide an extraordinary punch. The GEN MOD is similar to the Vaporesso GEN MOD kit, all with the new AXON chip. It is easier to operete than before. In addition, the Vaporesso GEN MOD has four modes for you opetion. Finding the mode which you want and enjoying vaping.
Features:
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Brand: Vaporesso
Unit: 1pc/pack
Size: 93.5*30*54mm
Output Wattage: 5-220W
Battery: 2x18650 Batteries(Not Included)
Display: 0.91inch OLED Screen
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Thread: 510
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Although Sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra), and Tadalafil powder (Cialis) all work by inhibiting PDE5, Tadalafil's pharmacologic distinction is its longer half-life (17.50 hours) – compared to Sildenafil (4.0–5.0 hours) and vardenafil (4.0–5.0 hours) – resulting in longer duration of action, and so partly responsible for "The Weekend Pill" sobriquet. Furthermore, the longer half-life is the basis for current investigation of tadalafil's daily therapeutic use in relieving pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sildenafil is approved in several world regions as a thrice-daily therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

A high-pressure liquid chromatography-diode array detection and multi-mode ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MMI-MS/MS) method was used to identify tadalafil and rimonabant in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) cartridges. Amino-tadalafil is a drug similar of the commercially approved ™ (i.e. tadalafil). Rimonabant is a drug that was, at one time, approved for weight loss in Europe (although approval has been retracted), but not in the United States. In addition, poor quality control over the e-cigarette products analyzed here is shown by the presence of nicotine in products labeled as containing no nicotine or by the presence of significant amounts of rimonabant oxidative degradant in e-cigarette products containing rimonabant. Identification was accomplished by comparing the retention time of relevant peaks in the sample with those of standard compounds, in addition to comparison of the UV spectra, mass spectra and/or product ion mass spectra.

Dutch Olympian Kira Toussaint has tested positive for the banned substance Tulobuterol(56776-01-3), according to a post on the athlete’s Instagram page.

According to her post, Toussaint was notified about her positive test from FINA on December 7, just before the start of the 2018 FINA Short Course World Championships. The positive test came from a sample on November 2, during the FINA World Cup stop on Beijing.

The Dutch backstroker had a strong showing during the FINA World Cup, ending the tour with the 8th highest total for prize money among all female swimmers competing, and would have been a strong podium contender in multiple events at the Short Course World Championships.

In Toussaint’s statement, she claims innocence and says she did not knowingly ingest the substance. The backstroker claims she takes a similar medication to treat her asthma, and that she is currently investigating how the illegal substance ended up in her system. At the time of this posting, the case is not currently listed on FINA’s Anti-Doping website.

Tulobuterol HCL (56776-01-3) is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Tulobuterol has almost no effects on blood pressure and heart rate and is highly selective for the tracheal muscle. It is indicated to improve symptoms such as respiratory distress caused by airway obstruction of bronchial asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema. Serious side effects detected were: tremor, palpitations and serum potassium level decrease.

Product Name Tulobuterol HCL
Chemical Name 2-(tert-Butylamino)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethanol hydrochloride
Brand Name Tulobuterol Hydrochloride
Drug Class beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist
CAS Number 56776-01-3
InChIKey RSLNRVYIRDVHLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula C12H19Cl2NO
Molecular Weight 264.19
Monoisotopic Mass 263.0844 g/mol
Melting Point 159-164°C
Boiling Point 338.2 °C at 760 mmHg
Biological Half-Life N/A
Color White powder
Solubility Soluble in DMSO
Storage Temperature 0 – 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months)
Application Tulobuterol HCL is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist.

Tulobuterol

Tulobuterol HCL, a bronchodilator, is used as a prevention drug for reversible obstructive air way disease. Tulobuterol is usually shown in conditions like asthma, bronchospasm, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Tulobuterol blocks the formation of leukotriene which in turn decreases the symptoms of asthma.

Possible side effects of Tulobuterol include hypertension, angina and CNS stimulation. Some of the severe side effects are headache, vomiting, palpitation, insomnia and Vertigo. Some side effects may happen very rarely but are serious. Therefore, it is best to consult your doctor or health care provider if you observe any of these side effects. Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperthyroidism should be very cautious before using this medicine. Consult your doctor or health care professional before using this medicine if you are a cardiac patient.

Inform your doctor or health care professional about your current medications before using Tulobuterol. Do not take this medicine if you are allergic to it. Also, tell your doctor if you have any allergies or diseases before using this medicine as it may worsen your health condition. Consult your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to be pregnant or breastfeeding.

Information given here is based on the salt and content of the medicine. Effect and uses of medicine may vary from person to person. It is advicable to consult a Pulmonologist before using this medicine.

One-Month Inhalation Toxicity Study of Tulobuterol Hydrochloride in Rats and Dogs

Tulobuterol HCL hydrochloride (HCl) has β2-adrenergic agonist activity and is under development for use in the treatment of chronic obstructive lung disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of inhaled tulobuterol HCl in rats and dogs. Rats were whole-body exposed to aerosol gravimetric concentrations of 0, 0.03, 0.22, or 1.1 mg/ liter of tulobuterol HCl, 60 min/day for 28 days. Dogs were exposed (via insufflation) to estimated daily doses of 0, 0.2, 1.0, or 6.0 mg/kg for an equal period. Plasma levels of tulobuterol were determined following exposure on Days 1, 8, and 28 using a high-pressure liquid chromato-graphic method developed for this study. Results indicated that plasma tulobuterol levels were highly correlated with tulobuterol doses (p < 0.0001 for rats and dogs). No dose-related changes in body weight food consumption, hematological, or serum chemistry parameters were observed in either species. Anterior nasal cavity lesions were observed by light microscopy in rats exposed to 0.22 and 1.1 mg/liter tulobuterol HCl at an incidence of 14 and 93%, respectively. These lesions involved the nasal septum, turbinates, and/or the dorsolateral wall of the nasal cavity and consisted of suppurative rhinitis and necrosis. The corresponding mean plasma tulobuterol levels on Day 28 in mid- and high-dose rats were approximately 1000 and 15,000 ng/ml. Nasal lesions were not observed in rats allowed to recover for 2 weeks. No gross or microscopic lesions were detected in lungs or other tissues of either species. These results indicate that the insufflation of high doses of tulobuterol HCl aerosol for 1 month was generally without toxicity in dogs and that the local nasal ussue injury observed in rats exposed to high concentrations of aerosolized tulobuterol HCl was reversible.