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Carnivorous Plants Glow to Attract Prey
Carnivorous plantshave an arsenal of tricks to entice insects into their clutches. These predatory plants have been known to use bright colors, delicious nectars, and appealing smells to make quick meals of the bugs that come to investigate but no one knew they could also glow a bright blue.
The pitcher plant Nepenthes khasiana glows blue. Photograph courtesy Rajani Kurup, Anil J. Johnson, Sreethu Sankar, and Sabulal Baby
The flesh eating flora have special cells that help them generate an ultraviolet hue, according to a new study published in the journal Plant Biology. Though invisible to the unaided human eye, the fluorescence is quite alluring to an inquisitive insect.
The glow is actually a survival technique: Carnivorous plants most often grow in nutrient deficient soils and have to catch and kill bugs to supplement their poor diets.
The plants light is emitted as an ultraviolet wavelength tailored to appeal to potential prey, including insects and other arthropods,cartier love braclets, the group that includes crustaceans, insects, and spiders. Insects often can see wavelengths that emphasize food sources.
For example, research suggests that honeybee eyes have evolved to pick out the brightest and hopefully most nectar rich flowers.
The plant Sarracenia purpurea glows in UV light. Photograph courtesy Rajani Kurup, Anil J. Johnson, Sreethu Sankar, and Sabulal Baby
To an insect, the carnivorous plant glow probably looks like a bonfire. But to people looking at the plant under a black light, it something like a glow stick.
normal light, humans are not going to see this, Baby said. the scale of a small ant, this could be a very clear light to them. (Also see: Animals: Beasts Shining for Science. Attraction
Baby and his team examined four major types of carnivorous plants: pitfall traps, flypaper traps, snap traps, and bladder traps. Photograph courtesy Rajani Kurup, Anil J. Johnson, Sreethu Sankar,love bracelet diamonds, and Sabulal Baby
Though the research is incomplete, Baby also suspects that small animals like tree shrews and rats can also see the blue hue, enticing them to drink the plants sweet nectar. In the process, these animals drop fecal matter inside the plant, which becomes another good source of nutrients.
fluorescents are a very important attractant of insects, arthropods, and small animals,cartier couple bracelet, he said.
Pitfall traps and snap traps aren the only plants to use ultraviolet frequencies. There are many species whose molecular makeup give them the ability to glow, said Howard Berg, a plant cell biologist and the director of the Integrated Microscopy facility at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center in Missouri.
have a chemical structure called conjugated double bond, and they have the ability to absorb light and re emit it, he said.
Fluids from a pitcher plant in the Nepenthes species fluoresce. Photograph courtesy Rajani Kurup, Anil J. Johnson, Sreethu Sankar, and Sabulal Baby
Berg added that the finding may even aid in future breakthroughs. Fluorescent jellyfish proteins are attached to specific markers,love bracelet cartier diamonds, allowing researchers to study, for example, how cancer cells spread. The carnivorous plant glowing cells could potentially provide a new tracking method.
like a luggage tag, Berg said. can use that as a locator. It really cool.
The ultraviolet glow could work in tandem with an electric current to zap unsuspecting insects. The future of pest control just go with the glow.
Dr Sabulal and his team of dedicated researchers have reminded us the old dictum chance favours only the prepared mind . Even though many scientsits have looked upon the various aspects of Pitcher plant no body tried to analyze the mechanism of light intensity and metabolite production. As Dr Sabulal always mention in meetings that the idea strike them accidently during an experimental procedure of analyzing compounds using UV irradiation. Its also shows the success of working as a team even in a small lab
Here are two recent studies in Nature and PNAS for the comments by Peter Cavan.
Gronquist M, et al. (2001) Attractive and defensive functions of the ultraviolet pigments of a flower (Hypericum calycinum). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:13745 13750.
Gandia Herrero F, Garcia Carmona F, Escribano J. Botany: floral fluorescence effect. Nature 2005 437(7057): 334.
These papers strongly indicate the effect in other contexts. I think, both papers reflect on relatively low levels of emissions (compared to this case).
Again, is it not logical to think that these emissions from prey traps have an effect on capture rates and also on interactions with certain mammals
I do not want to be a wet blanket on this interesting discovery of fluorescence from the lips of Nepethes pichers, but must point out several issues that cast some doubt on the significance of this finding.
1) The amount of UV available to be fluoresced in natural light at night is very small. It is not a strong component of natural daylight.
Carnivorous plantshave an arsenal of tricks to entice insects into their clutches. These predatory plants have been known to use bright colors, delicious nectars, and appealing smells to make quick meals of the bugs that come to investigate but no one knew they could also glow a bright blue.
The pitcher plant Nepenthes khasiana glows blue. Photograph courtesy Rajani Kurup, Anil J. Johnson, Sreethu Sankar, and Sabulal Baby
The flesh eating flora have special cells that help them generate an ultraviolet hue, according to a new study published in the journal Plant Biology. Though invisible to the unaided human eye, the fluorescence is quite alluring to an inquisitive insect.
The glow is actually a survival technique: Carnivorous plants most often grow in nutrient deficient soils and have to catch and kill bugs to supplement their poor diets.
The plants light is emitted as an ultraviolet wavelength tailored to appeal to potential prey, including insects and other arthropods,cartier love braclets, the group that includes crustaceans, insects, and spiders. Insects often can see wavelengths that emphasize food sources.
For example, research suggests that honeybee eyes have evolved to pick out the brightest and hopefully most nectar rich flowers.
The plant Sarracenia purpurea glows in UV light. Photograph courtesy Rajani Kurup, Anil J. Johnson, Sreethu Sankar, and Sabulal Baby
To an insect, the carnivorous plant glow probably looks like a bonfire. But to people looking at the plant under a black light, it something like a glow stick.
normal light, humans are not going to see this, Baby said. the scale of a small ant, this could be a very clear light to them. (Also see: Animals: Beasts Shining for Science. Attraction
Baby and his team examined four major types of carnivorous plants: pitfall traps, flypaper traps, snap traps, and bladder traps. Photograph courtesy Rajani Kurup, Anil J. Johnson, Sreethu Sankar,love bracelet diamonds, and Sabulal Baby
Though the research is incomplete, Baby also suspects that small animals like tree shrews and rats can also see the blue hue, enticing them to drink the plants sweet nectar. In the process, these animals drop fecal matter inside the plant, which becomes another good source of nutrients.
fluorescents are a very important attractant of insects, arthropods, and small animals,cartier couple bracelet, he said.
Pitfall traps and snap traps aren the only plants to use ultraviolet frequencies. There are many species whose molecular makeup give them the ability to glow, said Howard Berg, a plant cell biologist and the director of the Integrated Microscopy facility at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center in Missouri.
have a chemical structure called conjugated double bond, and they have the ability to absorb light and re emit it, he said.
Fluids from a pitcher plant in the Nepenthes species fluoresce. Photograph courtesy Rajani Kurup, Anil J. Johnson, Sreethu Sankar, and Sabulal Baby
Berg added that the finding may even aid in future breakthroughs. Fluorescent jellyfish proteins are attached to specific markers,love bracelet cartier diamonds, allowing researchers to study, for example, how cancer cells spread. The carnivorous plant glowing cells could potentially provide a new tracking method.
like a luggage tag, Berg said. can use that as a locator. It really cool.
The ultraviolet glow could work in tandem with an electric current to zap unsuspecting insects. The future of pest control just go with the glow.
Dr Sabulal and his team of dedicated researchers have reminded us the old dictum chance favours only the prepared mind . Even though many scientsits have looked upon the various aspects of Pitcher plant no body tried to analyze the mechanism of light intensity and metabolite production. As Dr Sabulal always mention in meetings that the idea strike them accidently during an experimental procedure of analyzing compounds using UV irradiation. Its also shows the success of working as a team even in a small lab
Here are two recent studies in Nature and PNAS for the comments by Peter Cavan.
Gronquist M, et al. (2001) Attractive and defensive functions of the ultraviolet pigments of a flower (Hypericum calycinum). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:13745 13750.
Gandia Herrero F, Garcia Carmona F, Escribano J. Botany: floral fluorescence effect. Nature 2005 437(7057): 334.
These papers strongly indicate the effect in other contexts. I think, both papers reflect on relatively low levels of emissions (compared to this case).
Again, is it not logical to think that these emissions from prey traps have an effect on capture rates and also on interactions with certain mammals
I do not want to be a wet blanket on this interesting discovery of fluorescence from the lips of Nepethes pichers, but must point out several issues that cast some doubt on the significance of this finding.
1) The amount of UV available to be fluoresced in natural light at night is very small. It is not a strong component of natural daylight.
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