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IBM superstar Watson defeated two human intelligence champions two years ago on the perilous edge of a famous American television quiz show
According to a report published by the Atlantic Times in the United States, Watson is currently 'traineeing' at a hospital in the United States - studying like a doctor who receives strict training in medical schools - correctly diagnosing the disease and come up with feasible treatment options - - Of course, all this has to be done on its own. Information technology has 'stirred' too many industries and areas of development. Watson's medical battlefield is just one of the signals that information technology has taken the lead in revolutionizing healthcare. Optimists dare to predict that if all goes well, we'll have to adapt slowly to the 'robot doctor' in the outpatient room for more than a decade. But others are worried about the prospect that if we put everything to the computer, is there any need for the old professional future of doctors? Is Artificial Intelligence a human well-being or a crisis full of traps? How far can we go on this road?
Medical breakthroughs have not been limited to new medicines, innovations in new surgical techniques (robots instead of physicians requiring highly precise fine procedures such as vascular surgery, ophthalmology, microsurgery, etc.) or medical legislation and social security systems. Watson, the IBM super robot, won two human intelligence titles two years ago on the 'brink of danger' in the famous American television quiz show, and now it has fought in the medical field. IBM is developing Watson to help medical professionals do complex diagnoses such as cancer and pointing to nuances that may be overlooked by medical professionals. Information technology may mean a new gospel for patients who do not need miracles and who need only the right diagnosis. Taking lung cancer as an example, patients no longer need to wait long for the test results. They do not have to endure the pain of conventional chemotherapy. Through robotic doctors who thoroughly understand the history of patients and master the latest research results in the world, they may only need to add one to the series of tests Biomarker testing, can accurately lock and fight the culprit Cancer has long been in the medical field of information technology, but Watson is an unusual 'ruthless character.' The New York Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center is training Watson, researchers as Watson's mentor, by providing a clinical data extracted from real cases, 'Professor' how the 'Intern' to understand and analyze According to IBM, Watson may be faster than any of the previous machines to process information and be more intelligent in terms of treatment. It processes up to 600,000 pages per second of 'natural Language 'text. This is not a trivial matter because unstructured natural language accounts for 80% of all information. The natural language in the medical field includes not only the medical history 'Biyad' written by doctors, the lengthy lecture in professional academic journals and the large amount of raw data stored online by the health department , And in practice sometimes information is contradictory and people use different expressions. At least in theory, Watson can feel it all. As a result, it can quietly observe the patient's examination and, over time, learn to better address questions and treatment options in real cases. Watson even gave the ability to diagnose the probability of success and, as a general rule of thumb, diagnose and treat as a percentage of the odds of judging Watson was considered an 'artifact' in the medical field. Marty Cohen, a medical director at IBM's Watson training team, has extensive clinical experience and believes Watson may change the rules of the game in medicine, not only in highly specialized oncology medicine but also in primary care . Because all doctors may make mistakes, and in the field of life-saving medicine, subtle mistakes may also be fatal. According to incomplete statistics, about one third of medical mistakes come from misdiagnosis. On the one hand, humans are naturally prone to over-reliance on certain information, not all information. A doctor diagnoses two or three symptoms of a patient, or misses other information to cause misdiagnosis, which occurs daily in the hospital's emergency department. On the other hand, humans are not good at using a lot of information, but in many medical fields such as cancer treatment, the complexity and scale of information make it almost impossible for humans to cope with this overwhelming 'explosion of knowledge.' Many experts believe this is the value of Watson's informative clinic: helping people make decisions by handling vast amounts of information can not only reduce the rate of misdiagnosis and ultimately make it a personal, ubiquitous alternative to difficult tumors In the medical field, Watson is also used by some professional organizations as a tool for training young doctors and may also directly serve as patient health care. An insurance company has begun testing Watson as a decision-support tool for nurse-approved care programs If Watson only tells doctors what they already know or simply reserves more medical tests for patients, it may just be a hedge. However, Watson has yet to gain practical experience in improving the quality of medical care. However, Watson has drawn much heated discussion in the fields of medical, engineering and business in the United States. The IT, big data, equipment manufacturing, virtual reality, psychology And other fields, are the key words nowadays optimists believe that regardless of Watson's success or failure, are signs of qualitative change in the field of health care. Systemic innovations in software and equipment will revolutionize the healthcare model in all aspects, especially imitation van cleef and arpels perlee ring the doctor-patient interaction. Under the new model, people are more likely to stay healthy and easier to get sick when they are sick. IBM predicts that Watson may be widely used within a few years of their ideal that this revolution will be extended beyond the medical industry to other areas. Medicare has become a global problem plaguing governments, meeting the growing medical needs of an aging population while ensuring that the government is not bankrupt. Health care now accounts for one sixth of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP), a rising percentage, and the absolute value of medical cakes is impressive. The view is that changing is not just about medical treatment but also subversion of the medical body. Some experts believe that the robot may be better than a human doctor, because the statistics are more likely to be the robot is correct. They think that what robotic doctors are doing now is 'no more exotic than driving,' and 'he' can do the same job as a human doctor, but with better results and less cost, replacing the average human doctor is not only reasonable, And possible. Some even asked 'Do we need a doctor or algorithm? The article predicts that computers and robots will replace four-fifths of physicians in the United States. In the future people will ask 'who is Watson?' Instead of 'What is Watson?' The rational view does not agree with these radical ideas. After all, they think that the practice of medicine is not as simple as the light processing of data. The patient's bedside and the comfort of their family members need a doctor. In practice, they can grasp nuances and learn to grasp the uncertainty and need a doctor. They see Watson as an innovative tool developed by IBM to help healthcare professionals rather than replace them, a position that is more likely to be a reality for the foreseeable future, and a rational argument that Watson's artifact will still bring deep influence. On the one hand, the new healthcare system will involve areas such as artificial intelligence, robotics, bioinformatics and more. On the other hand, we will strengthen the capacity of professionals at all levels, from highly specialized surgeons to more general medical assistants, to achieve their full potential and to take full responsibility for their own efforts to meet the needs of an aging population on a sustainable basis Not impossible for growing health care needs. In addition, the development of the information industry will bring unemployment to the manufacturing industry and the banking industry, and the information revolution in the medical industry may generate a lot of employment opportunities in basic jobs. The Atlantic Monthly pointed out in a report that using gene technology as a representative The explosion of medical data, coupled with the supercomputer processing power of geometric progression, is accelerating the arrival of a personalized 'health 2.0 era.' Since the human genome sequencing was fully completed in 2003, personal genetic profiling has reduced the high price that has kept ordinary people from the past to include Medicare for most Americans. Although genetic research is not a long time, fake van cleef and arpels lotus ring researchers have mastered the conditions of susceptibility to heart disease and breast cancer in many gene-specific populations. In our upcoming Health 2.0 era, physicians tailored to patients not only for cancer treatment programs, but also personalized treatment for individual genetic traits such as diabetes and heart disease Chronic patients with high blood pressure to the hospital Periodically checked by a doctor or nurse , The doctor asked the patient's recent diet, exercise and other conditions, re-open the traditional medical model may become history. It's not uncommon to wear a bracelet to monitor blood pressure and wear a pedometer to record exercise and exercise. Innovations in Health 2.0 are: The combination of information technology and healthcare, typified by sensors such as smartphones, allows clinicians to make patients more accessible through less-than-pervasive but more frequent collection, transmission and screening of relatively simple medical data It is wise and quicker to judge that the patient may not feel constant contact with the health care system. Through information technology, people have more frequent contact with health care workers, shorter durations, less urgency and stress. At present, the installation of smartphones around $ 100 or so on smartphones like Apple has been able to collect blood pressure and blood sugar, and even collect and analyze urine through a chip attached to a cell phone to test for sexually transmitted diseases. In December 2012, an APP approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that used electrocardiogram data and sensors saved the lives of a tech enthusiast during the flight, and the aircraft was also forced to land urgently. Researchers are still further reducing the size of the sensor, the sphygmomanometer hidden in the cuffs, designed for young people vest, you can monitor and cooperate with the treatment of asthma, diabetes, sickle cell anemia and other chronic diseases in the future 'Health 2.0' era, people not only Maintain good health, but also more intelligent 'cure disease.' A San Francisco-based predictive medical technology company has developed a program that collects all the data in the ICU and uses algorithms to determine which patients may have heart attacks and provide 24-hour care reminders. Salt Lake City University Hospital Utah is experimenting with a program that monitors the entire hospital. And the provider of such services is no longer a doctor, but an entirely new medical scenario for the entire professional team. People still go to the hospital to ask, examine, and prescribe to a human 'doctor' in a lab coat. But these 'doctors' are different from medical doctors who are now training for many years. They only need to upload and update their medical records and genetic information, and do not need to go through complicated and lengthy medical training in the traditional sense. The future communication between doctors and patients will also More convenient, through SMS and other information methods can check radiology and other inspection results, booking inspection. The pilots in some parts of the United States found interesting phenomena: people of all ages used text messages to communicate directly with doctors, and even 90-year-old patients would regularly send text messages to doctors. Watson's presentation looked really beautiful, but health 2.0 from pilot to promotion, there may be a long way to go, many problems need to be solved Problem one: over-treatment of chronic disease. Although Watson sometimes work, but does not rule out the possibility of further medical costs rise. By introducing more diagnostic possibilities, doctors are bound to make more tests for patients, which are usually not cheap. Even worse, if new tools are capable of handling far more information than before, information providers will try to gather more information accordingly. Question 2: EHRs are missing. At present, the United States has not yet established a sound electronic medical record system and may thus halt the innovation of Health 2.0. For at least the past two decades, the development of EHR in the United States has been a slow and frustrating process. It has even been considered a mess with at least 400 separate versions of electronic medical records. The government must take the lead in setting up a unified standard electronic medical record and correspondingly improve the medical insurance system. According to a survey conducted in September last year, nearly 70% of doctors used electronic medical records and the 'critical point' for implementing electronic medical records has arrived. Question 3: shortage of manpower resources. On the one hand, the demand for medical information technology personnel has risen sharply, with the demand tripling between 2009 and 2010, and the demand will still maintain the momentum of 20% annual growth in the next 10 years. Experts generally agree that the annual delivery of qualified graduates from medical schools is actually a drop in the bucket compared with the strong demand. On the other hand, the number of primary care physicians in the United States will be extremely short in the context of the aging population and the Obama administration's imitation van cleef and arpels alhambra ring expansion of medical insurance coverage. . Unlike labor-intensive industries, where productivity increases and workers' wages increase only, the 'Baumol effect' of the health care sector is typical. Whatever the increase in work efficiency, the wages of practitioners will rise as employers stop the job-hopping, forcing employers Pay more, even if practitioners only provide the same level of service Information technology innovations in the health care industry will ease Baummul's disease. With the help of decision-support tools and robots, staff have more skillful medical skills (basic care in Brazil and India, maternity in rural Tanzania, obstetrics already in use in India) through shorter hands-on training so that It is possible for medical professionals at all levels to handle more complex and challenging tasks, to achieve their full potential and to improve the overall efficiency of the industry. Super computer, smart phone set off the health of the development prospects of 2.0 still need to wait and see. If technology really simplifies access, reduces the frequency of visits and monitors the quality of care, our long-term health will be more assured, less expensive and more sustainable at least, and while Watson is still a silent intern, IBM He also insists that the 'computer doctor' is merely a tool that serves a professional doctor, not a substitute for him or her. After all, technology can hardly eliminate an industry or culture and can only be a catalyst for change. Unless the practitioners now stand up one day to Watson, I'm sorry, it looks like you can only come!
According to a report published by the Atlantic Times in the United States, Watson is currently 'traineeing' at a hospital in the United States - studying like a doctor who receives strict training in medical schools - correctly diagnosing the disease and come up with feasible treatment options - - Of course, all this has to be done on its own. Information technology has 'stirred' too many industries and areas of development. Watson's medical battlefield is just one of the signals that information technology has taken the lead in revolutionizing healthcare. Optimists dare to predict that if all goes well, we'll have to adapt slowly to the 'robot doctor' in the outpatient room for more than a decade. But others are worried about the prospect that if we put everything to the computer, is there any need for the old professional future of doctors? Is Artificial Intelligence a human well-being or a crisis full of traps? How far can we go on this road?
Medical breakthroughs have not been limited to new medicines, innovations in new surgical techniques (robots instead of physicians requiring highly precise fine procedures such as vascular surgery, ophthalmology, microsurgery, etc.) or medical legislation and social security systems. Watson, the IBM super robot, won two human intelligence titles two years ago on the 'brink of danger' in the famous American television quiz show, and now it has fought in the medical field. IBM is developing Watson to help medical professionals do complex diagnoses such as cancer and pointing to nuances that may be overlooked by medical professionals. Information technology may mean a new gospel for patients who do not need miracles and who need only the right diagnosis. Taking lung cancer as an example, patients no longer need to wait long for the test results. They do not have to endure the pain of conventional chemotherapy. Through robotic doctors who thoroughly understand the history of patients and master the latest research results in the world, they may only need to add one to the series of tests Biomarker testing, can accurately lock and fight the culprit Cancer has long been in the medical field of information technology, but Watson is an unusual 'ruthless character.' The New York Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center is training Watson, researchers as Watson's mentor, by providing a clinical data extracted from real cases, 'Professor' how the 'Intern' to understand and analyze According to IBM, Watson may be faster than any of the previous machines to process information and be more intelligent in terms of treatment. It processes up to 600,000 pages per second of 'natural Language 'text. This is not a trivial matter because unstructured natural language accounts for 80% of all information. The natural language in the medical field includes not only the medical history 'Biyad' written by doctors, the lengthy lecture in professional academic journals and the large amount of raw data stored online by the health department , And in practice sometimes information is contradictory and people use different expressions. At least in theory, Watson can feel it all. As a result, it can quietly observe the patient's examination and, over time, learn to better address questions and treatment options in real cases. Watson even gave the ability to diagnose the probability of success and, as a general rule of thumb, diagnose and treat as a percentage of the odds of judging Watson was considered an 'artifact' in the medical field. Marty Cohen, a medical director at IBM's Watson training team, has extensive clinical experience and believes Watson may change the rules of the game in medicine, not only in highly specialized oncology medicine but also in primary care . Because all doctors may make mistakes, and in the field of life-saving medicine, subtle mistakes may also be fatal. According to incomplete statistics, about one third of medical mistakes come from misdiagnosis. On the one hand, humans are naturally prone to over-reliance on certain information, not all information. A doctor diagnoses two or three symptoms of a patient, or misses other information to cause misdiagnosis, which occurs daily in the hospital's emergency department. On the other hand, humans are not good at using a lot of information, but in many medical fields such as cancer treatment, the complexity and scale of information make it almost impossible for humans to cope with this overwhelming 'explosion of knowledge.' Many experts believe this is the value of Watson's informative clinic: helping people make decisions by handling vast amounts of information can not only reduce the rate of misdiagnosis and ultimately make it a personal, ubiquitous alternative to difficult tumors In the medical field, Watson is also used by some professional organizations as a tool for training young doctors and may also directly serve as patient health care. An insurance company has begun testing Watson as a decision-support tool for nurse-approved care programs If Watson only tells doctors what they already know or simply reserves more medical tests for patients, it may just be a hedge. However, Watson has yet to gain practical experience in improving the quality of medical care. However, Watson has drawn much heated discussion in the fields of medical, engineering and business in the United States. The IT, big data, equipment manufacturing, virtual reality, psychology And other fields, are the key words nowadays optimists believe that regardless of Watson's success or failure, are signs of qualitative change in the field of health care. Systemic innovations in software and equipment will revolutionize the healthcare model in all aspects, especially imitation van cleef and arpels perlee ring the doctor-patient interaction. Under the new model, people are more likely to stay healthy and easier to get sick when they are sick. IBM predicts that Watson may be widely used within a few years of their ideal that this revolution will be extended beyond the medical industry to other areas. Medicare has become a global problem plaguing governments, meeting the growing medical needs of an aging population while ensuring that the government is not bankrupt. Health care now accounts for one sixth of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP), a rising percentage, and the absolute value of medical cakes is impressive. The view is that changing is not just about medical treatment but also subversion of the medical body. Some experts believe that the robot may be better than a human doctor, because the statistics are more likely to be the robot is correct. They think that what robotic doctors are doing now is 'no more exotic than driving,' and 'he' can do the same job as a human doctor, but with better results and less cost, replacing the average human doctor is not only reasonable, And possible. Some even asked 'Do we need a doctor or algorithm? The article predicts that computers and robots will replace four-fifths of physicians in the United States. In the future people will ask 'who is Watson?' Instead of 'What is Watson?' The rational view does not agree with these radical ideas. After all, they think that the practice of medicine is not as simple as the light processing of data. The patient's bedside and the comfort of their family members need a doctor. In practice, they can grasp nuances and learn to grasp the uncertainty and need a doctor. They see Watson as an innovative tool developed by IBM to help healthcare professionals rather than replace them, a position that is more likely to be a reality for the foreseeable future, and a rational argument that Watson's artifact will still bring deep influence. On the one hand, the new healthcare system will involve areas such as artificial intelligence, robotics, bioinformatics and more. On the other hand, we will strengthen the capacity of professionals at all levels, from highly specialized surgeons to more general medical assistants, to achieve their full potential and to take full responsibility for their own efforts to meet the needs of an aging population on a sustainable basis Not impossible for growing health care needs. In addition, the development of the information industry will bring unemployment to the manufacturing industry and the banking industry, and the information revolution in the medical industry may generate a lot of employment opportunities in basic jobs. The Atlantic Monthly pointed out in a report that using gene technology as a representative The explosion of medical data, coupled with the supercomputer processing power of geometric progression, is accelerating the arrival of a personalized 'health 2.0 era.' Since the human genome sequencing was fully completed in 2003, personal genetic profiling has reduced the high price that has kept ordinary people from the past to include Medicare for most Americans. Although genetic research is not a long time, fake van cleef and arpels lotus ring researchers have mastered the conditions of susceptibility to heart disease and breast cancer in many gene-specific populations. In our upcoming Health 2.0 era, physicians tailored to patients not only for cancer treatment programs, but also personalized treatment for individual genetic traits such as diabetes and heart disease Chronic patients with high blood pressure to the hospital Periodically checked by a doctor or nurse , The doctor asked the patient's recent diet, exercise and other conditions, re-open the traditional medical model may become history. It's not uncommon to wear a bracelet to monitor blood pressure and wear a pedometer to record exercise and exercise. Innovations in Health 2.0 are: The combination of information technology and healthcare, typified by sensors such as smartphones, allows clinicians to make patients more accessible through less-than-pervasive but more frequent collection, transmission and screening of relatively simple medical data It is wise and quicker to judge that the patient may not feel constant contact with the health care system. Through information technology, people have more frequent contact with health care workers, shorter durations, less urgency and stress. At present, the installation of smartphones around $ 100 or so on smartphones like Apple has been able to collect blood pressure and blood sugar, and even collect and analyze urine through a chip attached to a cell phone to test for sexually transmitted diseases. In December 2012, an APP approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that used electrocardiogram data and sensors saved the lives of a tech enthusiast during the flight, and the aircraft was also forced to land urgently. Researchers are still further reducing the size of the sensor, the sphygmomanometer hidden in the cuffs, designed for young people vest, you can monitor and cooperate with the treatment of asthma, diabetes, sickle cell anemia and other chronic diseases in the future 'Health 2.0' era, people not only Maintain good health, but also more intelligent 'cure disease.' A San Francisco-based predictive medical technology company has developed a program that collects all the data in the ICU and uses algorithms to determine which patients may have heart attacks and provide 24-hour care reminders. Salt Lake City University Hospital Utah is experimenting with a program that monitors the entire hospital. And the provider of such services is no longer a doctor, but an entirely new medical scenario for the entire professional team. People still go to the hospital to ask, examine, and prescribe to a human 'doctor' in a lab coat. But these 'doctors' are different from medical doctors who are now training for many years. They only need to upload and update their medical records and genetic information, and do not need to go through complicated and lengthy medical training in the traditional sense. The future communication between doctors and patients will also More convenient, through SMS and other information methods can check radiology and other inspection results, booking inspection. The pilots in some parts of the United States found interesting phenomena: people of all ages used text messages to communicate directly with doctors, and even 90-year-old patients would regularly send text messages to doctors. Watson's presentation looked really beautiful, but health 2.0 from pilot to promotion, there may be a long way to go, many problems need to be solved Problem one: over-treatment of chronic disease. Although Watson sometimes work, but does not rule out the possibility of further medical costs rise. By introducing more diagnostic possibilities, doctors are bound to make more tests for patients, which are usually not cheap. Even worse, if new tools are capable of handling far more information than before, information providers will try to gather more information accordingly. Question 2: EHRs are missing. At present, the United States has not yet established a sound electronic medical record system and may thus halt the innovation of Health 2.0. For at least the past two decades, the development of EHR in the United States has been a slow and frustrating process. It has even been considered a mess with at least 400 separate versions of electronic medical records. The government must take the lead in setting up a unified standard electronic medical record and correspondingly improve the medical insurance system. According to a survey conducted in September last year, nearly 70% of doctors used electronic medical records and the 'critical point' for implementing electronic medical records has arrived. Question 3: shortage of manpower resources. On the one hand, the demand for medical information technology personnel has risen sharply, with the demand tripling between 2009 and 2010, and the demand will still maintain the momentum of 20% annual growth in the next 10 years. Experts generally agree that the annual delivery of qualified graduates from medical schools is actually a drop in the bucket compared with the strong demand. On the other hand, the number of primary care physicians in the United States will be extremely short in the context of the aging population and the Obama administration's imitation van cleef and arpels alhambra ring expansion of medical insurance coverage. . Unlike labor-intensive industries, where productivity increases and workers' wages increase only, the 'Baumol effect' of the health care sector is typical. Whatever the increase in work efficiency, the wages of practitioners will rise as employers stop the job-hopping, forcing employers Pay more, even if practitioners only provide the same level of service Information technology innovations in the health care industry will ease Baummul's disease. With the help of decision-support tools and robots, staff have more skillful medical skills (basic care in Brazil and India, maternity in rural Tanzania, obstetrics already in use in India) through shorter hands-on training so that It is possible for medical professionals at all levels to handle more complex and challenging tasks, to achieve their full potential and to improve the overall efficiency of the industry. Super computer, smart phone set off the health of the development prospects of 2.0 still need to wait and see. If technology really simplifies access, reduces the frequency of visits and monitors the quality of care, our long-term health will be more assured, less expensive and more sustainable at least, and while Watson is still a silent intern, IBM He also insists that the 'computer doctor' is merely a tool that serves a professional doctor, not a substitute for him or her. After all, technology can hardly eliminate an industry or culture and can only be a catalyst for change. Unless the practitioners now stand up one day to Watson, I'm sorry, it looks like you can only come!
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