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Vancouver to get unique 'soft skyscraper' in West Georgia corridor
January brown hermes belt replica 23, 2017 Elegance and style Japanese architect Kengo Kuma (left) with developer Ian Gillespie a model for a 43 storey towered designed by the famous Japanese architect and kicking off a colourful exhibition called "Japan Unlayered" in Vancouver on January 23, 2017. Mark van Manen PNG Staff photographer see Kevin Griffin Vancouver Sun/Province / Features Entertainment stories and Web. 00047394A [PNG Merlin Archive]Mark van Manen
/ Vancouver Sun
Alberni by Kengo Kuma is a planned 43 storey residential tower at Alberni and Cardero designed by Japanese architect Kengo Kuma for Westbank Projects Corp in Vancouver.
/ Vancouver Sun
Alberni by Kengo Kuma is a planned 43 storey residential tower at Alberni and Cardero designed by Japanese architect Kengo Kuma for Westbank Projects Corp in Vancouver.
/ Vancouver SunVancouver's skyline is about to get a unique addition: a 'soft skyscraper', clad with shingled panels to create soft, blurred reflections expected replica Hermes belts france to make the building look ephemeral.
The 43 storey tower at 1550 Alberni is designed byJapanese architect Kengo Kuma.
Kuma described his tower's shape as organic and unique. On the north and south sides, it will look as if two big scoops have been taken out of the traditional rectangular cuboid form of a tower.
He said that while its shape isn't based on anything particularly western or Japanese, it is inspired by traditional Japanese buildings that create covered outdoor spaces. He described the tower as an example of a "soft skyscraper" because of the way it takes into accountits setting, which includes the street and nearby towers as well as Stanley Park and the North Shore mountains.
"It's creating semi outdoor space," Kuma said. "It creates dialogue between neighbours and the buildings. In that sense, it is a building of relationships not a building of form making."
The tower called Alberni by Kengo Kuma will have 188 condominiums and a ground floor Japanese restaurant designed by Kuma's firm. Six levels of underground parking will provide space for 271 cars and 248 bike parking spots inside and out.
Alberniis being built by two Vancouver based firmsWestbank Projects Corpand Peterson.
Westbank president Ian Gillespie said that as a tower, Alberniisn't about shouting out 'Here I am.'
"It's about the building blending into and embracing the natural environment rather than try to push against it," he said.
Gillespie described the building's form as Hermes belt replica paris expressing a feminine side of architecture as opposed to a masculine one.
"When I see that building, that's what comes to me," he said. "There is so much testosterone in the real estate business that the last thing it needs is more of that."
Kuma said the scoops out of the building's form bring natural light into suites and give more of a view of Lost Lagoon to the west. As well, forsomeone standing further east on Alberni and looking west, the scoop on that side will frame the lagoon in Stanley Park.
"We're trying to create a new flow on (Alberni) street," he said.
"In that sense, we're not designing the volume we're designing the flow. That scoop is creating a natural flow between the buildings."
On a sunny day when Kuma could see that a dusting of snow had fallen overnight on the North Shore mountains, hesaid Vancouver's proximity to nature makes it unique compared to other cities.
His design for Alberni, he said, is one solution to the challenge of providing an experience of nature to people living imitation hermes mens belt in acity.
"In the 21st century, Vancouver can be the model of the environmental city," he said.
Kuma said creating a dialogue with nature has been one of the most important elements in Japanese architecture.
"There is I think a new definition for architecture: it should be a bridge between nature and artifact," he said.
"We should design the bridge not the wall. Hisdesign has been chosenfor the Tokyo Stadium for the 2020 Summer Olympics. Kuma is afounding principal of Kengo Kuma Associates in Tokyo.
Kuma's work is part ofan exhibition called Japan Unlayered, currently on at the Fairmont Pacific Rim. The exhibition includes pop up stores by Japanese retailers Muji and Beams Japan. Because of demand, free entry to the Muji pop up is by reservation only. Japan Unlayered continues to Tuesday, Feb 28.
January brown hermes belt replica 23, 2017 Elegance and style Japanese architect Kengo Kuma (left) with developer Ian Gillespie a model for a 43 storey towered designed by the famous Japanese architect and kicking off a colourful exhibition called "Japan Unlayered" in Vancouver on January 23, 2017. Mark van Manen PNG Staff photographer see Kevin Griffin Vancouver Sun/Province / Features Entertainment stories and Web. 00047394A [PNG Merlin Archive]Mark van Manen
/ Vancouver Sun
Alberni by Kengo Kuma is a planned 43 storey residential tower at Alberni and Cardero designed by Japanese architect Kengo Kuma for Westbank Projects Corp in Vancouver.
/ Vancouver Sun
Alberni by Kengo Kuma is a planned 43 storey residential tower at Alberni and Cardero designed by Japanese architect Kengo Kuma for Westbank Projects Corp in Vancouver.
/ Vancouver SunVancouver's skyline is about to get a unique addition: a 'soft skyscraper', clad with shingled panels to create soft, blurred reflections expected replica Hermes belts france to make the building look ephemeral.
The 43 storey tower at 1550 Alberni is designed byJapanese architect Kengo Kuma.
Kuma described his tower's shape as organic and unique. On the north and south sides, it will look as if two big scoops have been taken out of the traditional rectangular cuboid form of a tower.
He said that while its shape isn't based on anything particularly western or Japanese, it is inspired by traditional Japanese buildings that create covered outdoor spaces. He described the tower as an example of a "soft skyscraper" because of the way it takes into accountits setting, which includes the street and nearby towers as well as Stanley Park and the North Shore mountains.
"It's creating semi outdoor space," Kuma said. "It creates dialogue between neighbours and the buildings. In that sense, it is a building of relationships not a building of form making."
The tower called Alberni by Kengo Kuma will have 188 condominiums and a ground floor Japanese restaurant designed by Kuma's firm. Six levels of underground parking will provide space for 271 cars and 248 bike parking spots inside and out.
Alberniis being built by two Vancouver based firmsWestbank Projects Corpand Peterson.
Westbank president Ian Gillespie said that as a tower, Alberniisn't about shouting out 'Here I am.'
"It's about the building blending into and embracing the natural environment rather than try to push against it," he said.
Gillespie described the building's form as Hermes belt replica paris expressing a feminine side of architecture as opposed to a masculine one.
"When I see that building, that's what comes to me," he said. "There is so much testosterone in the real estate business that the last thing it needs is more of that."
Kuma said the scoops out of the building's form bring natural light into suites and give more of a view of Lost Lagoon to the west. As well, forsomeone standing further east on Alberni and looking west, the scoop on that side will frame the lagoon in Stanley Park.
"We're trying to create a new flow on (Alberni) street," he said.
"In that sense, we're not designing the volume we're designing the flow. That scoop is creating a natural flow between the buildings."
On a sunny day when Kuma could see that a dusting of snow had fallen overnight on the North Shore mountains, hesaid Vancouver's proximity to nature makes it unique compared to other cities.
His design for Alberni, he said, is one solution to the challenge of providing an experience of nature to people living imitation hermes mens belt in acity.
"In the 21st century, Vancouver can be the model of the environmental city," he said.
Kuma said creating a dialogue with nature has been one of the most important elements in Japanese architecture.
"There is I think a new definition for architecture: it should be a bridge between nature and artifact," he said.
"We should design the bridge not the wall. Hisdesign has been chosenfor the Tokyo Stadium for the 2020 Summer Olympics. Kuma is afounding principal of Kengo Kuma Associates in Tokyo.
Kuma's work is part ofan exhibition called Japan Unlayered, currently on at the Fairmont Pacific Rim. The exhibition includes pop up stores by Japanese retailers Muji and Beams Japan. Because of demand, free entry to the Muji pop up is by reservation only. Japan Unlayered continues to Tuesday, Feb 28.
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The 6 Most fake van cleef alhambra diamond necklace Unintentionally Hilarious Buildings Ever Proposed
The Freedom Ship taller than New York's Flatiron Building (the building used as The Daily Bugle in the Spider Man movies), wider than two football fields, and almost a mile in length was designed as a floating city to take 100,000 residents, crew, and visitors on an everlasting voyage around the world. Luckily, no part of that sentence sounds completely insane, so you can head on over to the Freedom Ship's official website right now and make an official investment.
However, if you want to buy a residential unit on this floating commercial park, you can expect to pay anything from $150,000 to $10 million for the privilege (we assume the $150,000 homes are windowless utility closets next to the engines). Freedom Ship would have a multimillion dollar hospital, a complete K 12 school system, a freaking subway system, landscaped parks, and an indoor rain forest, because we apparently learned nothing from the harsh lessons of the Rainforest Cafe. The designers insist that their brainchild is "not a cruise ship, but a fascinating and unique place to live, work, retire, vacation, or visit."To keep its inhabitants safe from pirates, Freedom Ship would house a 2,000 strong security force armed with "state imitation arpels van cleef necklace of the art defensive weapons" to enforce the law of whichever nation the ship ultimately decided to sail under possibly a European country, but they were apparently leaning toward Panama, because Panama would basically allow them to do whatever the hell they pleased. Each deck of the ship would hold democratic elections for representatives, but final ultimate rule would be placed in the hands of the captain, because there has been absolutely no historical precedent of a system like that going horribly wrong."And that's how the 'Naked Fridays (except for fatties) Amendment' was passed."
So it's essentially the Axiom, that big spaceship from WALL E, only lurching through the ocean like a dead whale instead of floating at the edge of some distant galaxy. It received generally positive worldwide press coverage, and the Discovery Channel even devoted an entire program to it in 2002 (this was back before Discovery Channel devoted entire programs to ghosts and motorcycles, so that distinction actually meant something). Thousands of residential units had been sold by the time the Freedom Ship got the go ahead to begin construction in 2001, but ballooning costs (from a naive $6 billion in 1999 to a much more soberingly realistic $11 billion in 2002) effectively stalled the project.
The heroically named Elephant of Revolutionary Oblivion was to be built on the site of the Bastille, where the French Revolution more or less officially began. Visitors could access it from an internal stairway and enjoy a panoramic view of France's capital city from a tower on the elephant's back. The whole thing would be set in the middle of a giant fountain, with water flowing up and out from the elephant's trunk, because apparently that was the greatest symbol of national pride that Napoleon could be bothered to come up with.
Augustus Charles Pugin
"Then he kept asking us to make the trunk 'thicker' and 'longer'; it was kind of creeping us out."
Bafflingly, this was not the first giant elephant structure to be proposed in the nation of France.
Now, as any blue collar construction foreman worth his salt can tell you, an eight story elephant would require a whole lot of bronze, but not to worry Napoleon had that shit figured out. The Elephant of Revolutionary Oblivion would be constructed entirely of metal wrought from hundreds of melted down cannons captured from the enemies of France. That's like Jean Claude Van Damme making a giant photomosaic of an elephant out of pictures of all the faces he's kicked.
Unfortunately, that turned out to be the problem. You see, France was still at war, and Spain didn't seem like it was going to give up anytime soon. Being the legendary military strategist that he was, Napoleon ultimately decided that all those cannons would be better served lobbing death balls at the enemies of France rather than being made into a giant elephant. So a plaster version of the Elephant of Revolutionary Oblivion was built instead, which quickly began to decay and become infested with rats and weeds, because that's what happens to giant glorified pinatas when you leave them unattended in the middle of a densely populated city with a notoriously poor sewage system. So they did what any group of eccentric rich people sharing a single impossible idea would do and decided to try to build one, despite the fact that the Alps (which are real, actual mountains) are only a few hundred miles away.
Their proposed amusement park style acropolis would stand 6,560 feet high (the equivalent of four Sears Towers standing fake van cleef and arpels jewellery on each other's shoulders like the Little Rascals trying to get into an R rated movie), loaded with swimming pools, movie theaters, sporting facilities, and its own water supply, all resting atop a hollow base 6 miles wide. So it seems Zonneveld and his friends were less concerned about the Netherlands' lack of natural rock formations and more concerned with its lack of enormous, mountain shaped shopping malls.
The Freedom Ship taller than New York's Flatiron Building (the building used as The Daily Bugle in the Spider Man movies), wider than two football fields, and almost a mile in length was designed as a floating city to take 100,000 residents, crew, and visitors on an everlasting voyage around the world. Luckily, no part of that sentence sounds completely insane, so you can head on over to the Freedom Ship's official website right now and make an official investment.
However, if you want to buy a residential unit on this floating commercial park, you can expect to pay anything from $150,000 to $10 million for the privilege (we assume the $150,000 homes are windowless utility closets next to the engines). Freedom Ship would have a multimillion dollar hospital, a complete K 12 school system, a freaking subway system, landscaped parks, and an indoor rain forest, because we apparently learned nothing from the harsh lessons of the Rainforest Cafe. The designers insist that their brainchild is "not a cruise ship, but a fascinating and unique place to live, work, retire, vacation, or visit."To keep its inhabitants safe from pirates, Freedom Ship would house a 2,000 strong security force armed with "state imitation arpels van cleef necklace of the art defensive weapons" to enforce the law of whichever nation the ship ultimately decided to sail under possibly a European country, but they were apparently leaning toward Panama, because Panama would basically allow them to do whatever the hell they pleased. Each deck of the ship would hold democratic elections for representatives, but final ultimate rule would be placed in the hands of the captain, because there has been absolutely no historical precedent of a system like that going horribly wrong."And that's how the 'Naked Fridays (except for fatties) Amendment' was passed."
So it's essentially the Axiom, that big spaceship from WALL E, only lurching through the ocean like a dead whale instead of floating at the edge of some distant galaxy. It received generally positive worldwide press coverage, and the Discovery Channel even devoted an entire program to it in 2002 (this was back before Discovery Channel devoted entire programs to ghosts and motorcycles, so that distinction actually meant something). Thousands of residential units had been sold by the time the Freedom Ship got the go ahead to begin construction in 2001, but ballooning costs (from a naive $6 billion in 1999 to a much more soberingly realistic $11 billion in 2002) effectively stalled the project.
The heroically named Elephant of Revolutionary Oblivion was to be built on the site of the Bastille, where the French Revolution more or less officially began. Visitors could access it from an internal stairway and enjoy a panoramic view of France's capital city from a tower on the elephant's back. The whole thing would be set in the middle of a giant fountain, with water flowing up and out from the elephant's trunk, because apparently that was the greatest symbol of national pride that Napoleon could be bothered to come up with.
Augustus Charles Pugin
"Then he kept asking us to make the trunk 'thicker' and 'longer'; it was kind of creeping us out."
Bafflingly, this was not the first giant elephant structure to be proposed in the nation of France.
Now, as any blue collar construction foreman worth his salt can tell you, an eight story elephant would require a whole lot of bronze, but not to worry Napoleon had that shit figured out. The Elephant of Revolutionary Oblivion would be constructed entirely of metal wrought from hundreds of melted down cannons captured from the enemies of France. That's like Jean Claude Van Damme making a giant photomosaic of an elephant out of pictures of all the faces he's kicked.
Unfortunately, that turned out to be the problem. You see, France was still at war, and Spain didn't seem like it was going to give up anytime soon. Being the legendary military strategist that he was, Napoleon ultimately decided that all those cannons would be better served lobbing death balls at the enemies of France rather than being made into a giant elephant. So a plaster version of the Elephant of Revolutionary Oblivion was built instead, which quickly began to decay and become infested with rats and weeds, because that's what happens to giant glorified pinatas when you leave them unattended in the middle of a densely populated city with a notoriously poor sewage system. So they did what any group of eccentric rich people sharing a single impossible idea would do and decided to try to build one, despite the fact that the Alps (which are real, actual mountains) are only a few hundred miles away.
Their proposed amusement park style acropolis would stand 6,560 feet high (the equivalent of four Sears Towers standing fake van cleef and arpels jewellery on each other's shoulders like the Little Rascals trying to get into an R rated movie), loaded with swimming pools, movie theaters, sporting facilities, and its own water supply, all resting atop a hollow base 6 miles wide. So it seems Zonneveld and his friends were less concerned about the Netherlands' lack of natural rock formations and more concerned with its lack of enormous, mountain shaped shopping malls.
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Southern California regulators approve smog plan with tougher refinery rules
Brian van der Brug / Los Angeles Times
Containers are unloaded from a ship at the Port of Los Angeles. A plan by Southern California air quality regulators relies on voluntary measures for ports, warehouse distribution centers and other freight pollution hubs.
Containers are unloaded from a ship at the Port of Los Angeles. A plan by Southern California air quality regulators relies on voluntary measures for ports, warehouse distribution centers and other freight pollution hubs. (Brian van der Brug / Los Angeles Times)
Southern California air quality officials voted Friday to impose tougher rules on oil refineries but rejected a proposal to regulate pollution from ports and warehouses, which are responsible for much of the region's harmful emissions.
The South Coast Air Quality Management District's 15 year smog reduction plan, approved on an 11 2 vote, will guide efforts to slash replica van cleef necklace emissions as required to meet federal health standards and reduce harm to 17 million people in the nation's smoggiest region.
But it will rely on only voluntary measures from ports, warehouses and rail yards.
The $16 billion plan is expected to prevent thousands of asthma related emergency room visits and an estimated 1,600 early deaths a year from air pollution. These benefits, according to an air district analysis, will outweigh the costs to industry, taxpayers and consumers.
But the effort faces immediate obstacles because of its hefty price tag. Environmental Protection Agency.
"This plan relies very, very heavily on a whole bunch of money that we don't have in our pocket," said board member Joseph Lyou, who heads the Coalition for Clean Air.
The panel voted 7 to 6 to accelerate existing efforts to reduce smog forming emissions under AQMD's troubled pollution trading program, known as the Regional Clean Air Incentives Market, or RECLAIM. Then, "as soon practicable," the newly approved plan will replace RECLAIM's "cap and trade" approach with traditional "command and control" regulations on emissions from specific sources.
The program for nitrogen oxide pollution was established in 1993 to offer flexibility to refineries, power plants and other large facilities.
But state regulators, lawmakers and environmental groups have attacked it for falling short of promised reductions and allowing refineries to avoid installing readily available pollution controls.
Environmentalists applauded regulators' decision to sunset the cap and trade program but accused them of ducking their obligation to clean up the freight industry.
This plan relies very, very heavily on a whole bunch of money that we don't have in our pocket. Joseph Lyou, Coalition for Clean Air
"We can't get to our clean air goals if the ports and warehouses don't do their share to reduce emissions," said Angela Johnson Meszaros, an attorney for Earthjustice. "They let those two major sources skate."
Under the newly approved plan, the agency will seek cooperation from goods movement hubs that attract large numbers of trucks, ships and locomotives, asking them to make their own pollution reductions. The air district will pivot to rulemaking mode only if the facilities fail to agree to adequate measures within van cleef necklace imitation a year.
Los Angeles City Councilman Joe Buscaino said he expected the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to sign an agreement with the air district and "commit to firm dates with emission reduction goals."
Cargo moving industries have long opposed local pollution regulations, arguing they will stifle job growth in a sector that supports hundreds of thousands of jobs, while environmentalists have pressed for stricter measures to protect public health.
Tracy Hernandez, chief executive of the Los Angeles County Business Federation, said she was still digesting the late amendments to the plan but remained concerned about their effect. The elimination of the RECLAIM program will be "rough" on imitation arpels van cleef necklace oil refiners, she said. "The likely impact is increased cost. And someone's going to pay for it somehow."
Also included in the plan was an amendment by board member Clark E. Parker Sr. that will prioritize incentive spending on "the most cost effective technologies," such as low emitting natural gas engines for heavy duty trucks.
Diesel fueled big rigs are the region's top source of nitrogen oxides. Though the Los Angeles Long Beach port complex has slashed emissions over the last decade, it remains the single largest air pollution source in Southern California, according to the air district.
To meet federal deadlines to reduce ozone, the lung damaging gas in smog, the region must go beyond existing regulations to slash smog forming gases called nitrogen oxides 45% by 2023 and an additional 10% by 2031.
The South Coast basin, which spans Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside and San Bernardino counties, has the nation's highest ozone pollution. Though air quality has improved dramatically over decades, progress has faltered in recent years. The region still does not meet a series of federal health standards going back to 1979.
The plan's approval follows a heated public hearing last month that drew more than 500 people and hours of testimony. Friday's hearing had no public comment, but the district's Diamond Bar hearing room was packed with industry representatives and Sierra Club members, who held a rally outside.
The plan now goes to the California Air Resources Board for consideration and must then be approved by the EPA to become enforceable under the federal Clean Air Act.
In other business Friday, the air board adopted long delayed regulations on toxic emissions from grinding and cutting operations at 22 metal forging facilities across the region. The rules, which require such operations occur inside enclosed buildings, came in response to years of community complaints about noxious odors from metal processing plants in the city of Paramount.
Brian van der Brug / Los Angeles Times
Containers are unloaded from a ship at the Port of Los Angeles. A plan by Southern California air quality regulators relies on voluntary measures for ports, warehouse distribution centers and other freight pollution hubs.
Containers are unloaded from a ship at the Port of Los Angeles. A plan by Southern California air quality regulators relies on voluntary measures for ports, warehouse distribution centers and other freight pollution hubs. (Brian van der Brug / Los Angeles Times)
Southern California air quality officials voted Friday to impose tougher rules on oil refineries but rejected a proposal to regulate pollution from ports and warehouses, which are responsible for much of the region's harmful emissions.
The South Coast Air Quality Management District's 15 year smog reduction plan, approved on an 11 2 vote, will guide efforts to slash replica van cleef necklace emissions as required to meet federal health standards and reduce harm to 17 million people in the nation's smoggiest region.
But it will rely on only voluntary measures from ports, warehouses and rail yards.
The $16 billion plan is expected to prevent thousands of asthma related emergency room visits and an estimated 1,600 early deaths a year from air pollution. These benefits, according to an air district analysis, will outweigh the costs to industry, taxpayers and consumers.
But the effort faces immediate obstacles because of its hefty price tag. Environmental Protection Agency.
"This plan relies very, very heavily on a whole bunch of money that we don't have in our pocket," said board member Joseph Lyou, who heads the Coalition for Clean Air.
The panel voted 7 to 6 to accelerate existing efforts to reduce smog forming emissions under AQMD's troubled pollution trading program, known as the Regional Clean Air Incentives Market, or RECLAIM. Then, "as soon practicable," the newly approved plan will replace RECLAIM's "cap and trade" approach with traditional "command and control" regulations on emissions from specific sources.
The program for nitrogen oxide pollution was established in 1993 to offer flexibility to refineries, power plants and other large facilities.
But state regulators, lawmakers and environmental groups have attacked it for falling short of promised reductions and allowing refineries to avoid installing readily available pollution controls.
Environmentalists applauded regulators' decision to sunset the cap and trade program but accused them of ducking their obligation to clean up the freight industry.
This plan relies very, very heavily on a whole bunch of money that we don't have in our pocket. Joseph Lyou, Coalition for Clean Air
"We can't get to our clean air goals if the ports and warehouses don't do their share to reduce emissions," said Angela Johnson Meszaros, an attorney for Earthjustice. "They let those two major sources skate."
Under the newly approved plan, the agency will seek cooperation from goods movement hubs that attract large numbers of trucks, ships and locomotives, asking them to make their own pollution reductions. The air district will pivot to rulemaking mode only if the facilities fail to agree to adequate measures within van cleef necklace imitation a year.
Los Angeles City Councilman Joe Buscaino said he expected the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to sign an agreement with the air district and "commit to firm dates with emission reduction goals."
Cargo moving industries have long opposed local pollution regulations, arguing they will stifle job growth in a sector that supports hundreds of thousands of jobs, while environmentalists have pressed for stricter measures to protect public health.
Tracy Hernandez, chief executive of the Los Angeles County Business Federation, said she was still digesting the late amendments to the plan but remained concerned about their effect. The elimination of the RECLAIM program will be "rough" on imitation arpels van cleef necklace oil refiners, she said. "The likely impact is increased cost. And someone's going to pay for it somehow."
Also included in the plan was an amendment by board member Clark E. Parker Sr. that will prioritize incentive spending on "the most cost effective technologies," such as low emitting natural gas engines for heavy duty trucks.
Diesel fueled big rigs are the region's top source of nitrogen oxides. Though the Los Angeles Long Beach port complex has slashed emissions over the last decade, it remains the single largest air pollution source in Southern California, according to the air district.
To meet federal deadlines to reduce ozone, the lung damaging gas in smog, the region must go beyond existing regulations to slash smog forming gases called nitrogen oxides 45% by 2023 and an additional 10% by 2031.
The South Coast basin, which spans Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside and San Bernardino counties, has the nation's highest ozone pollution. Though air quality has improved dramatically over decades, progress has faltered in recent years. The region still does not meet a series of federal health standards going back to 1979.
The plan's approval follows a heated public hearing last month that drew more than 500 people and hours of testimony. Friday's hearing had no public comment, but the district's Diamond Bar hearing room was packed with industry representatives and Sierra Club members, who held a rally outside.
The plan now goes to the California Air Resources Board for consideration and must then be approved by the EPA to become enforceable under the federal Clean Air Act.
In other business Friday, the air board adopted long delayed regulations on toxic emissions from grinding and cutting operations at 22 metal forging facilities across the region. The rules, which require such operations occur inside enclosed buildings, came in response to years of community complaints about noxious odors from metal processing plants in the city of Paramount.
Vancouver crime among worst in North America
has fallen sharply over the past decade, Vancouver still has one of the highest crime rates on the continent. Progress Board, which was imitiaton hermes bag set up to advise the provincial government on social and economic progress.
Vancouver has the third highest crime rate of 17 major North American cities surveyed, the report said.
The figures show people are far more likely to have their car stolen or be the victim of a break and enter in Vancouver than in New York City.
"I think that's one of the most shocking things about this [report]," said New Democrat MLA Mike Farnworth.
"People think New York and other places are dangerous and they forget that in Vancouver, we have a disproportionately high rate of property crime."
Property crime fashion cheap hermes handbags in Vancouver, while lower than in previous years, is still more than twice as high than in Toronto or New York.
Worst for poverty
Middle class families are also suffering, he said, pointing to a section of the report that says personal income fell by $469 last year, replica birkin handbags the second biggest drop in the fake hermes bag country.
has fallen sharply over the past decade, Vancouver still has one of the highest crime rates on the continent. Progress Board, which was imitiaton hermes bag set up to advise the provincial government on social and economic progress.
Vancouver has the third highest crime rate of 17 major North American cities surveyed, the report said.
The figures show people are far more likely to have their car stolen or be the victim of a break and enter in Vancouver than in New York City.
"I think that's one of the most shocking things about this [report]," said New Democrat MLA Mike Farnworth.
"People think New York and other places are dangerous and they forget that in Vancouver, we have a disproportionately high rate of property crime."
Property crime fashion cheap hermes handbags in Vancouver, while lower than in previous years, is still more than twice as high than in Toronto or New York.
Worst for poverty
Middle class families are also suffering, he said, pointing to a section of the report that says personal income fell by $469 last year, replica birkin handbags the second biggest drop in the fake hermes bag country.
van Riemsdyk to centre means someone is expendable
The centre ice position for the Maple Leafs became a touch more intriguing on Thursday when coach Randy Carlyle revealed to fashion cheap hermes handbags the Toronto Sun that he plans to try James van Riemsdyk in the middle when training camp opens in September.
During three seasons with the Philadelphia Flyers, van Riemsdyk was drawn to the faceoff circle from his left wing spot exactly 10 times. Of those faceoffs, the 23 year old won two.
To say van Riemsdyk has his work cut out for him would be an understatement, especially since he going to be on one of the top two lines. If the experiment works, it will have meant that van Riemsdyk did his proper homework during the summer.
But what of the other Leafs centres? If Carlyle knows in the first week of July that van Riemsdyk is going to start at centre, could it mean that when and if general manager Brian Burke makes a trade or two, that one of the incumbent centres is out the door? It certainly appears that way.
The Leafs last season had five players Tyler Bozak, David Steckel, replica hermes handbags outlet Mikhail Grabovski, Tim Connolly and Matthew Lombardi who counted taking faceoffs among their primary responsibilities. Bozak led the team with 1,198 draws, but Steckel, who squared for 90 less faceoffs, was third in the NHL in winning percentage (among those who went to the circle imitiaton hermes bag at least 1,000 times) at 58%, behind only Jonathan Toews of the Chicago Blackhawks and Patrice Bergeron of the Boston Bruins.
The Leafs signed newcomer Jay McClement so he could centre the third line, and they loved Steckel work last season after Burke got him on the eve of the opener, so it hard to see anyone knocking Steckel off the fourth line.
Lombardi likely will see most of his time on the wing. Connolly, a disappointment in the first season of a two year, $9.5 million US contract, will be given a chance to re discover himself at camp, but it not realistic at this point in his career to expect him to be a top six forward. Connolly saw time on the wing as the 2011 12 season wound down and it possible he find himself there again in 2012 13.
Grabovski got his signature on a long term contract last winter, and his place among the top six can be argued.
And then there are prospects Joe Colborne and Nazem Kadri. Colborne didn take the step forward a year ago that the organization had hoped, recording 39 points in 65 games with the Marlies. Kadri has to show in camp he finally can get a grip on a full time NHL job, one that is looking more and more like it will be on the wing.
If there a centre on the Leafs roster now who stands the greatest chance of being part of a trade, a wild card whose future with the team could be in question, it probably Bozak, who really had not found a niche in Toronto in three seasons. He improved to 47 points last season in 73 games (as compared to 32 points in 82 games the previous year), but there have been clear indications he will be much more than that. Still, he would be attractive to other clubs in that his salary cap hit will be just $1.5 million next season and he an unrestricted free agent in 2013.
There will be less to figure out if it becomes clear that van Riemsdyk doesn work up the middle.
And though van Riemsdyk has almost zero experience at the position in the NHL, you can fault Carlyle for wanting to try him there. There nothing about a roster, whether Burke is able to improve it or not, that should be set in stone when the Leafs are coming off an 80 point, 13th place, non playoff spot.
Carlyle can leave any stone unturned. Whether van Riemsdyk is capable, we will know long before the season opener.
DOAN NOT IN LEAFS' PLANS?
A couple of players linked to the Maple Leafs in rumours and trade speculation are unlikely to wind up in Toronto.
Terry Bross, the agent for Phoenix Coyotes captain, told the Sun on Friday afternoon via e mail that he has not heard from the Leafs regarding Doan.
The Coyotes winger is a free agent and is expected to start fielding fake hermes bag offers next week if the team ownership issue remains uncertain.
And Vancouver Canucks goalie Roberto Luongo, an interview with the The Fox radio station in Vancouver, said he knows it is time to move on after six years with the Canucks.
okay with that, Luongo said. had a great six years with Vancouver. Unfortunately, I was not able to bring a Stanley Cup, which is my biggest regret. Florida is definitely one of the spots I would be willing to go to. It my home in the off season and makes sense for family reasons. (But) I have not made any decisions whatsoever. It has to be a place I am comfortable with. did not discuss the idea of a trade to the Leafs. He did seem open to the idea of being dealt to the Chicago Blackhawks, and said his preference would be to play in a hockey market.
The centre ice position for the Maple Leafs became a touch more intriguing on Thursday when coach Randy Carlyle revealed to fashion cheap hermes handbags the Toronto Sun that he plans to try James van Riemsdyk in the middle when training camp opens in September.
During three seasons with the Philadelphia Flyers, van Riemsdyk was drawn to the faceoff circle from his left wing spot exactly 10 times. Of those faceoffs, the 23 year old won two.
To say van Riemsdyk has his work cut out for him would be an understatement, especially since he going to be on one of the top two lines. If the experiment works, it will have meant that van Riemsdyk did his proper homework during the summer.
But what of the other Leafs centres? If Carlyle knows in the first week of July that van Riemsdyk is going to start at centre, could it mean that when and if general manager Brian Burke makes a trade or two, that one of the incumbent centres is out the door? It certainly appears that way.
The Leafs last season had five players Tyler Bozak, David Steckel, replica hermes handbags outlet Mikhail Grabovski, Tim Connolly and Matthew Lombardi who counted taking faceoffs among their primary responsibilities. Bozak led the team with 1,198 draws, but Steckel, who squared for 90 less faceoffs, was third in the NHL in winning percentage (among those who went to the circle imitiaton hermes bag at least 1,000 times) at 58%, behind only Jonathan Toews of the Chicago Blackhawks and Patrice Bergeron of the Boston Bruins.
The Leafs signed newcomer Jay McClement so he could centre the third line, and they loved Steckel work last season after Burke got him on the eve of the opener, so it hard to see anyone knocking Steckel off the fourth line.
Lombardi likely will see most of his time on the wing. Connolly, a disappointment in the first season of a two year, $9.5 million US contract, will be given a chance to re discover himself at camp, but it not realistic at this point in his career to expect him to be a top six forward. Connolly saw time on the wing as the 2011 12 season wound down and it possible he find himself there again in 2012 13.
Grabovski got his signature on a long term contract last winter, and his place among the top six can be argued.
And then there are prospects Joe Colborne and Nazem Kadri. Colborne didn take the step forward a year ago that the organization had hoped, recording 39 points in 65 games with the Marlies. Kadri has to show in camp he finally can get a grip on a full time NHL job, one that is looking more and more like it will be on the wing.
If there a centre on the Leafs roster now who stands the greatest chance of being part of a trade, a wild card whose future with the team could be in question, it probably Bozak, who really had not found a niche in Toronto in three seasons. He improved to 47 points last season in 73 games (as compared to 32 points in 82 games the previous year), but there have been clear indications he will be much more than that. Still, he would be attractive to other clubs in that his salary cap hit will be just $1.5 million next season and he an unrestricted free agent in 2013.
There will be less to figure out if it becomes clear that van Riemsdyk doesn work up the middle.
And though van Riemsdyk has almost zero experience at the position in the NHL, you can fault Carlyle for wanting to try him there. There nothing about a roster, whether Burke is able to improve it or not, that should be set in stone when the Leafs are coming off an 80 point, 13th place, non playoff spot.
Carlyle can leave any stone unturned. Whether van Riemsdyk is capable, we will know long before the season opener.
DOAN NOT IN LEAFS' PLANS?
A couple of players linked to the Maple Leafs in rumours and trade speculation are unlikely to wind up in Toronto.
Terry Bross, the agent for Phoenix Coyotes captain, told the Sun on Friday afternoon via e mail that he has not heard from the Leafs regarding Doan.
The Coyotes winger is a free agent and is expected to start fielding fake hermes bag offers next week if the team ownership issue remains uncertain.
And Vancouver Canucks goalie Roberto Luongo, an interview with the The Fox radio station in Vancouver, said he knows it is time to move on after six years with the Canucks.
okay with that, Luongo said. had a great six years with Vancouver. Unfortunately, I was not able to bring a Stanley Cup, which is my biggest regret. Florida is definitely one of the spots I would be willing to go to. It my home in the off season and makes sense for family reasons. (But) I have not made any decisions whatsoever. It has to be a place I am comfortable with. did not discuss the idea of a trade to the Leafs. He did seem open to the idea of being dealt to the Chicago Blackhawks, and said his preference would be to play in a hockey market.
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Tattoo Removals To Commence
When character Brian Griffin appeared to have been killed in a recent Family Guy episode, many fans were outraged and critics puzzled. Surely removing such an integral character would cause problems? There was backlash, petitions, and the expectation that fake necklace van cleef arpels the show would imitation alhambra van cleef necklace tank.
Sorry Vinny, your sudden introduction into the family wasn't sitting well with anyone. Luckily, hints were then dropped regarding a special Christmas episode that would possibly maybe most definitely result in the return of the beloved pooch.
Well lo and behold, the miracle happened. Warm and fuzzies were felt all around. Perhaps some cheeks reddened in the face of loud, "I told you so" remarks.
There is little doubt that some cheeks are a bit redder than others. Cheeks belonging to persons like this short sighted fellow. These semi permanent images on the body are meant to convey a message of "Gone, but not forgotten." When Brian was so suddenly taken away from the Family Guy fandom, it left some well meaning individuals feeling the need to express their loss. Well, what better form of self expression than something knock off van cleef and arpels alhambra necklace you get to look at every day for the rest of your life?
With Brian's revival, it's very likely at least one person will need to get some body ink removed or re done.
As someone correctly noted, the show will probably be canceled or end in a few seasons, which would technically render such "RIP Brian Griffin" tattoos relevant again.
When character Brian Griffin appeared to have been killed in a recent Family Guy episode, many fans were outraged and critics puzzled. Surely removing such an integral character would cause problems? There was backlash, petitions, and the expectation that fake necklace van cleef arpels the show would imitation alhambra van cleef necklace tank.
Sorry Vinny, your sudden introduction into the family wasn't sitting well with anyone. Luckily, hints were then dropped regarding a special Christmas episode that would possibly maybe most definitely result in the return of the beloved pooch.
Well lo and behold, the miracle happened. Warm and fuzzies were felt all around. Perhaps some cheeks reddened in the face of loud, "I told you so" remarks.
There is little doubt that some cheeks are a bit redder than others. Cheeks belonging to persons like this short sighted fellow. These semi permanent images on the body are meant to convey a message of "Gone, but not forgotten." When Brian was so suddenly taken away from the Family Guy fandom, it left some well meaning individuals feeling the need to express their loss. Well, what better form of self expression than something knock off van cleef and arpels alhambra necklace you get to look at every day for the rest of your life?
With Brian's revival, it's very likely at least one person will need to get some body ink removed or re done.
As someone correctly noted, the show will probably be canceled or end in a few seasons, which would technically render such "RIP Brian Griffin" tattoos relevant again.
Sappi Ltd SAPJ
Sir Anthony Nigel Russell Rudd is Non Executive Independent Chairman of the Board of Sappi Limited., effective March 01, 2016. He was appointed as Non Executive Independent Director of the Company on April 3, 2006. His other board and organization memberships: Heathrow Airport Holdings Limited(Chairman), Barclays Wealth (Chairman of the UK Ireland Private Bank Advisory Board), Business Growth Fund (Chairman), Cyden Limited (Chairman) and Invensys plc (Chairman). Sir Nigel Rudd has held various senior management and board positions in a career spanning more than 35 years. He founded Williams plc in 1982 and the company went on to become one of the industrial holding companies in the United Kingdom. He was knighted by the Queen for services to the manufacturing industry in the UK in 1996 and holds honorary doctorates from Loughborough and Derby Universities. In 1995, he was awarded the Founding Societies Centenary Award by the Institute of Chartered Accountants. He is a Deputy Lieutenant of Derbyshire and a Freeman of the City of London.
Mr. Stephen Robert Binnie is Chief Executive Officer, Executive Director of Sappi Ltd. He has been appointed as Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective July 1, 2014. Mr. Binnie joined Sappi in July 2012 as Chief Financial Officer designate and was appointed Chief Financial Officer and executive director from September 01, 2012. Prior to joining Sappi, he held various senior finance roles and was most recently Chief Financial Officer of Edcon (Pty) Limited for ten years after having been financial manager at Investec Bank Limited for four years. He holds BComm and BAcc degrees from the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS) in Johannesburg is a chartered accountant, CA(SA). He holds an MBA from Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Mr. Mark Gardner is President, Chief Executive Officer Sappi Fine Paper North America of Sappi Limited., with effect from October 01, 2007. Mr. Gardner was named President and Chief Executive Officer of Sappi Fine Paper North America (SFPNA) in 2007 and is responsible for all Sappi operations in the region. That same year, he was also appointed to the SFPNA board. He joined Sappi in 1981 and his experience includes serving as the Vice President of Manufacturing and Vice President of Supply Chain, prior to which he worked in a variety of production management roles at Sappi, including Production Manager at the Westbrook Mill, Paper Mill Manager at the Somerset Mill, Managing Director at the Muskegon Mill and Director of Engineering and Manufacturing Technology at the regional head office in Boston. In 2009, Mr Gardner received the TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry)/PIMA (Paper Industry Management Association) Executive of the Year Award. The award is the highest recognition for leadership and management given by PIMA. He currently serves on the board of directors of the American Forest and Paper Association. In September 2012, he was appointed to the Board of Trustees for the University of Maine.
Mr. Alexander van Coller Thiel, BSc, Mech Eng, MBA, is Chief Executive Officer Sappi Southern Africa, a business unit of Sappi Ltd. Mr Thiel joined Sappi in December 1989 as the Executive Assistant to the Executive Chairman in Johannesburg. In April 1993, as part of Sappi's expansion into Europe, he moved to Brussels as the Administration Manager reporting to the Managing Director of Sappi Europe. With the creation of Sappi Europe he was appointed in February 1998 as Manager Marketing Intelligence, reporting to the Sales and Marketing Director. In January 2003, he became the Director Logistics, reporting to the Chief Executive Officer of Sappi Europe. He was appointed as Group Head Procurement, Sappi Limited in January 2008 and Integration Executive, in charge of the integration of the acquired M real business into Sappi's operations in September 2008. He led a project to redefine and implement Sappi's 'go to market' strategy in Europe from October 2009. Mr Thiel was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Sappi Southern Africa with effect from 01 December 2010.
Mr. Berend John Wiersum, MA, is Chief Executive Officer Sappi Fine Paper Europe, a business unit of Sappi Ltd. Mr Wiersum joined Sappi in January 2007 as Chief Executive Officer Sappi Europe. Prior to joining Sappi, Mr Wiersum was a freelance mergers and acquisitions consultant for one year. He previously was Managing Director of Kappa Packaging and member of the management board in Eindhoven (The Netherlands) where he was responsible for overseeing over 90 packaging plants across Europe, Russia, the Middle East and North Africa. Mr Wiersum was Chairman of CEPI (Confederation of European Paper Industries) from 2011 2012.
Mr. Gary Bowles is Executive Vice President Specialised Cellulose of Sappi Limited. Mr Bowles joined Saiccor Mill in 1990. He served in various positions at the mill until he was appointed as General Manager of Sappi Saiccor Mill in 2004. In January 2011, he was appointed as Managing Director of Sappi Specialised Cellulose and in July 2011, Mr Bowles joined the Group Management Team with responsibility for the increased need to coordinate the global marketing, sales and customer engagement responsibilities of our Specialised Cellulose business, while continuing to be responsible for dissolving wood pulp production in South Africa. In October 2013, he joined the Group Executive Committee as Executive Vice President Sappi Specialised Cellulose and joined the Sappi North American board releasing his manufacturing role at the Sappi Saiccor Mill.
Mr. Mohammed Valli Moosa is Non Executive Director of Sappi Limited. Mr. Moosa is currently the Deputy Chairman of Lereko Investments Proprietary Limited, Sappi's strategic Black Economic Empowerment partner. van cleef and arpels necklaces fake He has held numerous leadership positions across business, government, politics and civil society in South Africa. To name but a few, he was South African Minister of Constitutional Development; the President of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature; and Chairman of the UN Commission for Sustainable Development, and he served as a member of the National Executive Committee of the African National Congress until 2009.
Mr. Robert J. DeKoch is Non Executive Independent Director of Sappi Limited., effective March 1, 2013. He is currently the President and Chief Operating Officer (COO) of The Boldt Company in Appleton, Wisconsin, USA. The Boldt Company with 14 offices across the USA is a US$700 million privately held construction services business with customers in power/energy; pulp and paper; food; automotive; plastics; healthcare; and education. Prior to joining The Boldt Company, Mr DeKoch served as a production manager and mill manager as well as VP of manufacturing for Appleton Papers (USA). He also served inter alia as technical director of Consolidated Papers (USA). Mr DeKoch holds a BA Chemistry and an MBA in Finance and General Management. He is a board member of The Boldt Company, of Palmer Johnson Power Systems as well as of the Fox Cities Children?s Museum and New North Inc., a regional economic development organisation.
Mr. Michael Anthony Fallon is Non Executive Independent Director of Sappi Ltd. Mr Fallon retired as an Executive Director of Nippon Sheet Glass Company Ltd (NSG Group) at the end of June 2012. Prior to retirement, Mr Fallon was President of NSG's global automotive division, heading up all the glass and glazing operations in the key automotive regions across the world. With annual sales of around 6 billion, the NSG Group is one of the world's largest manufacturers of glass and glazing products for the building, automotive and speciality glass sectors. His management and leadership experience extend across a wide range of functions from plant management, sales and marketing and supply chain to general management, including mergers and acquisition experience. He was president of Pilkington operations in North America and had been director and chairman of companies in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Finland.
Dr. Deenadayalen Konar, BCom, MAS, DCom, CA (SA) is Non Executive Independent Director of Sappi Limited. Previously he was Professor and Head of the Department of Accountancy at the University of Durban Westville, Dr Konar is a member of the King Committee on Corporate Governance in South African and the SA Institute of Directors, past member and Chairman of the External Audit Committee of the International Monetary Fund and member of the Safeguards Panel and Implementations Oversight Panel of the World Bank (Co chairman).
Mr. Nkateku Peter Mageza is Non Executive Independent Director of Sappi Limited. His Other board and organization memberships : Eqstra Holdings Limited (Chairman), Clover Industries Limited, Ethos Private Equity (Pty) Limited, Rainbow Chickens Limited, Remgro Limited, MTN Group Limited. He joined the Sappi Board after having held senior executive positions across a wide range of industries. He is a former Group Chief Operating Officer and executive director of ABSA Group Limited, Assistant General Manager at Nedcor Limited and Chief Executive Officer of Autonet, the Road Passenger and Freight Logistics Division of Transnet Limited.
Dr. Boni Mehlomakulu is appointed as Non Executive Independent Director of the company effect from 1 March 2017. She is currently the Chief Executive Officer of the South African Bureau of Standards ("the SABS") a position she has held since September 2009. van cleef and arpels necklace imitation Dr Mehlomakulu currently sits on the boards of Hulamin Limited as non executive director, is a Council member of the University of South Africa, imitation van cleef and arpels alhambra necklace is a non executive Director of Yokogawa South Africa (Pty) Ltd and is a Council Member of the International Organisation for Standardisation (Switzerland). Before joining the SABS, Dr Mehlomakulu was Deputy Director General at the Department of Science and Technology and has also held various positions at Sasol. Past directorships include chairing the Social Ethics and Sustainability Committee at Eskom Holdings SOC Limited from 2010 to 2014. Dr Mehlomakulu has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from the University of Cape Town.
Ms. Karen Rohn Osar is Non Executive Independent Director of Sappi Limited., since May 1, 2007. Her Other board and organization memberships: Innophos Holdings, Inc. (also Chairperson of Audit Committee) and Webster Financial Corporation (also Chairperson of Audit Committee). She was executive vice president and chief financial officer of speciality chemicals company Chemtura Corporation until her retirement in March 2007. Prior to that, she held various senior management and board positions in her career. She was vice president and treasurer for Tenneco, Inc. and also served as chief financial officer of Westvaco Corporation and as senior vice president and chief financial officer of the merged MeadWestvaco Corporation. Prior to those appointments she spent 19 years at JP Morgan and Company, becoming a managing director of the Investment Banking Group. She has chaired several external board audit committees.
Mr. Rob Jan Renders is Non Executive Independent Director of the Company, with effect from 1 October 2015. He is currently a business consultant, was a member of the Board of Duropack GmbH ("Duropack") from 2012 until the end of May 2015, as well as CEO of Duropack from May 2013 until May 2015. He has also served (from 2006 to 2010) as Chairman of the Board of OTOR Socit Anonyme, a leading packaging provider in France. Between 1989 and 2006 he held various positions at Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget (SCA"), a leading global producer of hygiene products and packaging solutions, including mill manager at SCA Packaging De Hoop, Managing Director of SCA Packaging De Hoop, President of SCA Packaging ContainerBoard, President of SCA Packaging Europe and Senior Vice President Special Project Global Packaging for SCA Group. Mr Renders holds a Masters degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Dr. Rudolf Thummer is Non Executive Independent Director of Sappi Limited. Dr Thummer joined the Sappi board after having served many years in the pulp and paper industry. He joined Hannover Papier in 1979 (later purchased by Sappi) as Manager of Research and Development. In 1982, he became the Paper Mill Manager at Alfeld Mill. In 1990, he was appointed Technical Director of Alfeld Mill. In 1992, Dr Thummer became an executive board member of the Hannover Papier Group, responsible for manufacturing at the Alfeld and Ehingen Mills. In 1998, he moved to Sappi Fine Paper Europe based in Brussels, as Technical Director and executive board member. He served as Group Head Technology of Sappi Limited from January 2006 up to his retirement at the end of December 2007.
Sir Anthony Nigel Russell Rudd is Non Executive Independent Chairman of the Board of Sappi Limited., effective March 01, 2016. He was appointed as Non Executive Independent Director of the Company on April 3, 2006. His other board and organization memberships: Heathrow Airport Holdings Limited(Chairman), Barclays Wealth (Chairman of the UK Ireland Private Bank Advisory Board), Business Growth Fund (Chairman), Cyden Limited (Chairman) and Invensys plc (Chairman). Sir Nigel Rudd has held various senior management and board positions in a career spanning more than 35 years. He founded Williams plc in 1982 and the company went on to become one of the industrial holding companies in the United Kingdom. He was knighted by the Queen for services to the manufacturing industry in the UK in 1996 and holds honorary doctorates from Loughborough and Derby Universities. In 1995, he was awarded the Founding Societies Centenary Award by the Institute of Chartered Accountants. He is a Deputy Lieutenant of Derbyshire and a Freeman of the City of London.
Mr. Stephen Robert Binnie is Chief Executive Officer, Executive Director of Sappi Ltd. He has been appointed as Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective July 1, 2014. Mr. Binnie joined Sappi in July 2012 as Chief Financial Officer designate and was appointed Chief Financial Officer and executive director from September 01, 2012. Prior to joining Sappi, he held various senior finance roles and was most recently Chief Financial Officer of Edcon (Pty) Limited for ten years after having been financial manager at Investec Bank Limited for four years. He holds BComm and BAcc degrees from the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS) in Johannesburg is a chartered accountant, CA(SA). He holds an MBA from Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Mr. Mark Gardner is President, Chief Executive Officer Sappi Fine Paper North America of Sappi Limited., with effect from October 01, 2007. Mr. Gardner was named President and Chief Executive Officer of Sappi Fine Paper North America (SFPNA) in 2007 and is responsible for all Sappi operations in the region. That same year, he was also appointed to the SFPNA board. He joined Sappi in 1981 and his experience includes serving as the Vice President of Manufacturing and Vice President of Supply Chain, prior to which he worked in a variety of production management roles at Sappi, including Production Manager at the Westbrook Mill, Paper Mill Manager at the Somerset Mill, Managing Director at the Muskegon Mill and Director of Engineering and Manufacturing Technology at the regional head office in Boston. In 2009, Mr Gardner received the TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry)/PIMA (Paper Industry Management Association) Executive of the Year Award. The award is the highest recognition for leadership and management given by PIMA. He currently serves on the board of directors of the American Forest and Paper Association. In September 2012, he was appointed to the Board of Trustees for the University of Maine.
Mr. Alexander van Coller Thiel, BSc, Mech Eng, MBA, is Chief Executive Officer Sappi Southern Africa, a business unit of Sappi Ltd. Mr Thiel joined Sappi in December 1989 as the Executive Assistant to the Executive Chairman in Johannesburg. In April 1993, as part of Sappi's expansion into Europe, he moved to Brussels as the Administration Manager reporting to the Managing Director of Sappi Europe. With the creation of Sappi Europe he was appointed in February 1998 as Manager Marketing Intelligence, reporting to the Sales and Marketing Director. In January 2003, he became the Director Logistics, reporting to the Chief Executive Officer of Sappi Europe. He was appointed as Group Head Procurement, Sappi Limited in January 2008 and Integration Executive, in charge of the integration of the acquired M real business into Sappi's operations in September 2008. He led a project to redefine and implement Sappi's 'go to market' strategy in Europe from October 2009. Mr Thiel was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Sappi Southern Africa with effect from 01 December 2010.
Mr. Berend John Wiersum, MA, is Chief Executive Officer Sappi Fine Paper Europe, a business unit of Sappi Ltd. Mr Wiersum joined Sappi in January 2007 as Chief Executive Officer Sappi Europe. Prior to joining Sappi, Mr Wiersum was a freelance mergers and acquisitions consultant for one year. He previously was Managing Director of Kappa Packaging and member of the management board in Eindhoven (The Netherlands) where he was responsible for overseeing over 90 packaging plants across Europe, Russia, the Middle East and North Africa. Mr Wiersum was Chairman of CEPI (Confederation of European Paper Industries) from 2011 2012.
Mr. Gary Bowles is Executive Vice President Specialised Cellulose of Sappi Limited. Mr Bowles joined Saiccor Mill in 1990. He served in various positions at the mill until he was appointed as General Manager of Sappi Saiccor Mill in 2004. In January 2011, he was appointed as Managing Director of Sappi Specialised Cellulose and in July 2011, Mr Bowles joined the Group Management Team with responsibility for the increased need to coordinate the global marketing, sales and customer engagement responsibilities of our Specialised Cellulose business, while continuing to be responsible for dissolving wood pulp production in South Africa. In October 2013, he joined the Group Executive Committee as Executive Vice President Sappi Specialised Cellulose and joined the Sappi North American board releasing his manufacturing role at the Sappi Saiccor Mill.
Mr. Mohammed Valli Moosa is Non Executive Director of Sappi Limited. Mr. Moosa is currently the Deputy Chairman of Lereko Investments Proprietary Limited, Sappi's strategic Black Economic Empowerment partner. van cleef and arpels necklaces fake He has held numerous leadership positions across business, government, politics and civil society in South Africa. To name but a few, he was South African Minister of Constitutional Development; the President of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature; and Chairman of the UN Commission for Sustainable Development, and he served as a member of the National Executive Committee of the African National Congress until 2009.
Mr. Robert J. DeKoch is Non Executive Independent Director of Sappi Limited., effective March 1, 2013. He is currently the President and Chief Operating Officer (COO) of The Boldt Company in Appleton, Wisconsin, USA. The Boldt Company with 14 offices across the USA is a US$700 million privately held construction services business with customers in power/energy; pulp and paper; food; automotive; plastics; healthcare; and education. Prior to joining The Boldt Company, Mr DeKoch served as a production manager and mill manager as well as VP of manufacturing for Appleton Papers (USA). He also served inter alia as technical director of Consolidated Papers (USA). Mr DeKoch holds a BA Chemistry and an MBA in Finance and General Management. He is a board member of The Boldt Company, of Palmer Johnson Power Systems as well as of the Fox Cities Children?s Museum and New North Inc., a regional economic development organisation.
Mr. Michael Anthony Fallon is Non Executive Independent Director of Sappi Ltd. Mr Fallon retired as an Executive Director of Nippon Sheet Glass Company Ltd (NSG Group) at the end of June 2012. Prior to retirement, Mr Fallon was President of NSG's global automotive division, heading up all the glass and glazing operations in the key automotive regions across the world. With annual sales of around 6 billion, the NSG Group is one of the world's largest manufacturers of glass and glazing products for the building, automotive and speciality glass sectors. His management and leadership experience extend across a wide range of functions from plant management, sales and marketing and supply chain to general management, including mergers and acquisition experience. He was president of Pilkington operations in North America and had been director and chairman of companies in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Finland.
Dr. Deenadayalen Konar, BCom, MAS, DCom, CA (SA) is Non Executive Independent Director of Sappi Limited. Previously he was Professor and Head of the Department of Accountancy at the University of Durban Westville, Dr Konar is a member of the King Committee on Corporate Governance in South African and the SA Institute of Directors, past member and Chairman of the External Audit Committee of the International Monetary Fund and member of the Safeguards Panel and Implementations Oversight Panel of the World Bank (Co chairman).
Mr. Nkateku Peter Mageza is Non Executive Independent Director of Sappi Limited. His Other board and organization memberships : Eqstra Holdings Limited (Chairman), Clover Industries Limited, Ethos Private Equity (Pty) Limited, Rainbow Chickens Limited, Remgro Limited, MTN Group Limited. He joined the Sappi Board after having held senior executive positions across a wide range of industries. He is a former Group Chief Operating Officer and executive director of ABSA Group Limited, Assistant General Manager at Nedcor Limited and Chief Executive Officer of Autonet, the Road Passenger and Freight Logistics Division of Transnet Limited.
Dr. Boni Mehlomakulu is appointed as Non Executive Independent Director of the company effect from 1 March 2017. She is currently the Chief Executive Officer of the South African Bureau of Standards ("the SABS") a position she has held since September 2009. van cleef and arpels necklace imitation Dr Mehlomakulu currently sits on the boards of Hulamin Limited as non executive director, is a Council member of the University of South Africa, imitation van cleef and arpels alhambra necklace is a non executive Director of Yokogawa South Africa (Pty) Ltd and is a Council Member of the International Organisation for Standardisation (Switzerland). Before joining the SABS, Dr Mehlomakulu was Deputy Director General at the Department of Science and Technology and has also held various positions at Sasol. Past directorships include chairing the Social Ethics and Sustainability Committee at Eskom Holdings SOC Limited from 2010 to 2014. Dr Mehlomakulu has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from the University of Cape Town.
Ms. Karen Rohn Osar is Non Executive Independent Director of Sappi Limited., since May 1, 2007. Her Other board and organization memberships: Innophos Holdings, Inc. (also Chairperson of Audit Committee) and Webster Financial Corporation (also Chairperson of Audit Committee). She was executive vice president and chief financial officer of speciality chemicals company Chemtura Corporation until her retirement in March 2007. Prior to that, she held various senior management and board positions in her career. She was vice president and treasurer for Tenneco, Inc. and also served as chief financial officer of Westvaco Corporation and as senior vice president and chief financial officer of the merged MeadWestvaco Corporation. Prior to those appointments she spent 19 years at JP Morgan and Company, becoming a managing director of the Investment Banking Group. She has chaired several external board audit committees.
Mr. Rob Jan Renders is Non Executive Independent Director of the Company, with effect from 1 October 2015. He is currently a business consultant, was a member of the Board of Duropack GmbH ("Duropack") from 2012 until the end of May 2015, as well as CEO of Duropack from May 2013 until May 2015. He has also served (from 2006 to 2010) as Chairman of the Board of OTOR Socit Anonyme, a leading packaging provider in France. Between 1989 and 2006 he held various positions at Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget (SCA"), a leading global producer of hygiene products and packaging solutions, including mill manager at SCA Packaging De Hoop, Managing Director of SCA Packaging De Hoop, President of SCA Packaging ContainerBoard, President of SCA Packaging Europe and Senior Vice President Special Project Global Packaging for SCA Group. Mr Renders holds a Masters degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Dr. Rudolf Thummer is Non Executive Independent Director of Sappi Limited. Dr Thummer joined the Sappi board after having served many years in the pulp and paper industry. He joined Hannover Papier in 1979 (later purchased by Sappi) as Manager of Research and Development. In 1982, he became the Paper Mill Manager at Alfeld Mill. In 1990, he was appointed Technical Director of Alfeld Mill. In 1992, Dr Thummer became an executive board member of the Hannover Papier Group, responsible for manufacturing at the Alfeld and Ehingen Mills. In 1998, he moved to Sappi Fine Paper Europe based in Brussels, as Technical Director and executive board member. He served as Group Head Technology of Sappi Limited from January 2006 up to his retirement at the end of December 2007.
van Gisbergen always had the raw speed
The last New Zealander to win an Australian V8 title was Jim Richards in 1991. Many have come close since, including Greg Murphy, who finished second twice. This year's champion, Shane van Gisbergen, was also second in 2014 and has not been outside the top six since 2010.Richards, ever a keen observer of the sport, tagged van Gisbergen as someone to watch a while ago. He was pleased another Kiwi has been able to emulate his success, albeit two plus decades later."It's terrific that another Kiwi has got his hands on another V8 trophy," said Richards. "It's very hard for a young Kiwi to come over here, to get involved with a top team, and challenge for a title."There are so many good Aussie guys that people here have watched for years. Shane was quite successful early on in his career and that's what's bought him to where he is now."He always had raw speed but he had to control some things he did in a race. He used to make some silly mistakes early on that even he admitted to. At Teckno, he started to get better, and arriving at Red Bull, he's matured even more to join Jamie [Whincup] as one of the two best drivers in the category."Triple Eight owner Roland Dane is man of few words, but they are Hermes belt replica always poignant.Since taking over in 2003, he has steered the team to six Supercars titles and six Bathurst 1000 wins.It wouldn't be too long a bow fake hermes brown belt whosale to draw to say Dane knows a thing or two about what makes a good driver and he was more than happy to snap up van Gisbergen."The guys [team] ran a great strategy for him and he did an awesome job," said Dane. "There was some pretty diabolical blocking going on at the end but he got the better of him [James Courtney]. There's nothing like cheering fake hermes black belt on a local lad who happens to be the defending champion.Supercars CEO James Warburton praised imitation hermes belt on sale van Gisbergen's achievement and what it means for the sport."Look, it's absolutely fantastic. Shane is such a flamboyant character and I thought Saturday just went to prove how good he is," said Warburton."From the sport's point of view, it's always great to see a new star being born. It's also great for our fans and will generate even more interest than we already have in New Zealand."We have a range of very good Kiwi drivers and next year at Pukekohe will be a great event."Our Regional News StoriesThe Northern AdvocateBig haul at Special Olympics Swim CarnivalFar North based swimmers performed well at the Special Olympics Swim Carnival.Our Features Top StoriesDrivenWhat's it like driving James Bond's Lotus Espirit? Never meet your heroes? Well, it's not always the case.
The last New Zealander to win an Australian V8 title was Jim Richards in 1991. Many have come close since, including Greg Murphy, who finished second twice. This year's champion, Shane van Gisbergen, was also second in 2014 and has not been outside the top six since 2010.Richards, ever a keen observer of the sport, tagged van Gisbergen as someone to watch a while ago. He was pleased another Kiwi has been able to emulate his success, albeit two plus decades later."It's terrific that another Kiwi has got his hands on another V8 trophy," said Richards. "It's very hard for a young Kiwi to come over here, to get involved with a top team, and challenge for a title."There are so many good Aussie guys that people here have watched for years. Shane was quite successful early on in his career and that's what's bought him to where he is now."He always had raw speed but he had to control some things he did in a race. He used to make some silly mistakes early on that even he admitted to. At Teckno, he started to get better, and arriving at Red Bull, he's matured even more to join Jamie [Whincup] as one of the two best drivers in the category."Triple Eight owner Roland Dane is man of few words, but they are Hermes belt replica always poignant.Since taking over in 2003, he has steered the team to six Supercars titles and six Bathurst 1000 wins.It wouldn't be too long a bow fake hermes brown belt whosale to draw to say Dane knows a thing or two about what makes a good driver and he was more than happy to snap up van Gisbergen."The guys [team] ran a great strategy for him and he did an awesome job," said Dane. "There was some pretty diabolical blocking going on at the end but he got the better of him [James Courtney]. There's nothing like cheering fake hermes black belt on a local lad who happens to be the defending champion.Supercars CEO James Warburton praised imitation hermes belt on sale van Gisbergen's achievement and what it means for the sport."Look, it's absolutely fantastic. Shane is such a flamboyant character and I thought Saturday just went to prove how good he is," said Warburton."From the sport's point of view, it's always great to see a new star being born. It's also great for our fans and will generate even more interest than we already have in New Zealand."We have a range of very good Kiwi drivers and next year at Pukekohe will be a great event."Our Regional News StoriesThe Northern AdvocateBig haul at Special Olympics Swim CarnivalFar North based swimmers performed well at the Special Olympics Swim Carnival.Our Features Top StoriesDrivenWhat's it like driving James Bond's Lotus Espirit? Never meet your heroes? Well, it's not always the case.
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Variation in rates of caesarean section among English NHS trusts after accounting for maternal and clinical risk
Design A cross sectional analysis using routinely collected hospital episode statistics was performed. A multiple logistic regression model was used to estimate the likelihood of women having a caesarean section given their maternal characteristics (age, ethnicity, parity, and socioeconomic deprivation) and clinical risk factors (previous caesarean section, breech presentation, and fetal distress). Adjusted rates of caesarean section for each NHS trust were produced from this model.Setting 146 English NHS trusts.Population Women aged between 15 and 44 years with a singleton birth between 1 January and 31 December 2008.Main outcome measure Rate of caesarean sections per 100 births (live or stillborn).Results Among 620604 singleton births, 147726 (23.8%) were delivered by caesarean section. Women were more likely to have a caesarean section if they had had one previously (70.8%) or had a baby with breech presentation (89.8%). Unadjusted rates of caesarean section among the NHS trusts ranged from 13.6% to 31.9%. Trusts differed in their patient populations, but adjusted rates still ranged from 14.9% to 32.1%. Rates of emergency caesarean section varied between trusts more than rates of elective caesarean section.Conclusion Characteristics of women delivering at NHS trusts differ, and comparing unadjusted rates of caesarean section should be avoided. Adjusted rates of caesarean section still vary considerably and attempts to reduce this variation should examine issues linked to emergency caesarean section.Introduction Since the 1970s, many developed countries have experienced substantial growth in the rates of caesarean section.1 2 3 In England, for example, the rate of caesarean sections has increased from 9% in 1980 to 24.6% in 2008 9.4 5 6 Various reasons have been suggested for this increase, including rising maternal age at first pregnancy, technological advances that have improved the safety of the procedure, changes in women's preferences, and a growing proportion of women who have previously had a caesarean.7 8Nonetheless, there is concern about whether the current high rates of caesarean section are justified because the procedure is not without risk.9 Women may experience complications after caesarean section such as haemorrhage, infection, and thrombosis,10 and they have an increased risk of complications in subsequent pregnancies (such as uterine rupture and placenta praevia).11 12 13 Neonatal complications, although infrequent, include fetal respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, iatrogenic prematurity, and difficulty with bonding and breast feeding.8 9 14Adding to these concerns is evidence of considerable variation in rates of caesarean section within various countries,15 16 17 including the United Kingdom. In 2000, rates of caesarean section for singleton pregnancies in National Health Service (NHS) maternity units in England and Wales ranged from 10% to 43%.5 In April 2004, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) published guidance on caesarean section with the aim of ensuring consistency and quality of care.4 However, recent figures for births in England during 2008 9 show that rates of caesarean section still vary substantially among NHS trusts.6 These figures also appeared to show a north south divide, with higher rates in the south of England.The publication of the 2008 9 figures led to debate about potential causes of the variation in rates of caesarean section. These included differences in the clinical need of local populations, an increase in the number of women without risk factors requesting caesarean sections, a lack of midwives, and different attitudes and practices among professionals.18 19 How much these competing interpretations contributed to the variation is unclear. However, differences between local populations could have been discounted if the figures had been adjusted for maternal characteristics and clinical risk factors.We describe an analysis of NHS trust and regional rates of caesarean section for singleton pregnancies in England to examine whether the variation can be explained by maternal characteristics and clinical risk factors. We use funnel plots to illustrate whether the variation exceeds that expected from random fluctuations alone, and we extend previous work on rates of caesarean section in England5 by examining whether the variation is greater among women having an elective caesarean section or those having an emergency procedure.MethodsThe study used data from the hospital episode statistics database, which contains records of all patient admissions to NHS hospitals in England. Its core fields contain patient demographics and region of residence, and hospital administrative and clinical details. Diagnostic information is coded using the international classification of diseases, 10th revision (ICD 10), and operative procedures are described using the UK Office for Population Censuses and Surveys classification (OPCS), 4th revision. Hospital episode statistics also include additional fields (the "maternity tail") that capture information specific to deliveries, including onset of labour, parity, birth weight, and length of gestation. However, only around 75% of delivery records in the database have information in the maternity tail.DefinitionsWe extracted from the hospital episode statistics database records of women who delivered in English NHS acute trusts between 1 January and 31 December 2008. We restricted the sample to women aged between 15 and 44 years who had a singleton birth, and to NHS trusts whose obstetric units had more than 1000 deliveries in the 12 month period. Deliveries were included if the record contained information about mode of delivery in either the maternity tail or the procedure fields (OPCS codes: R17 to R25). The method of delivery was obtained primarily from the procedure fields. Where data had not been entered to these fields (0.6% of women), information was taken from the maternity tail. An elective caesarean section was defined by OPCS code R17, or by "mode of delivery" code 7 when data were obtained from the maternity tail. An emergency delivery was defined by codes R18 or 8, respectively.Data on maternal age at delivery, ethnicity, and the NHS trust and region of treatment were obtained from the core fields of the hospital episode statistics. Parity was obtained from the maternity tail. Where parity was not available, a woman was labelled as multiparous if she was found to have had a delivery episode in the previous 10 years of data (April 1997 to December 2007). Otherwise, she was assumed to be nulliparous (the median interval between first and second births is three years20). Among the 193637 women with parity data in the maternity tail, there was 84% agreement between the nulliparous and multiparous values derived from the maternity tail and those in imitation hermes belt sale historical data (kappa=0.69). The majority (92%) of disagreements were because a previous pregnancy could not be identified in the historical data.Risk factors for caesarean section were identified using all ICD 10 diagnosis fields (see web appendix for exact definitions), which had been adapted from a previously published classification system.21 A previous caesarean section was defined if any diagnosis code indicated a "uterine scar from previous surgery" (ICD 10: O34.2) among multiparous women or if a woman had delivered by caesarean according to the previous 10 years of hospital episode statistics. Among the 312407 multiparous classifications, there was 91% agreement between the coding of a "uterine scar" and a previous caesarean section in the historical data (kappa=0.66). Most (90%) disagreements arose because a previous caesarean section was found in the historical data for a woman without the coding for a scar.Finally, socioeconomic deprivation was defined using a five category indicator that was derived from the English Indices of Deprivation 2004 ranking of the English super output areas.22 The categories were defined by partitioning the ranks of the 32480 areas into quintiles (for example, 0 20th percentiles, 20 40th percentiles) and were labelled 1 (least deprived) to 5 (most deprived). Women were allocated a category on the basis of their region of residence. Where this was missing (1.1% of women), a woman was allocated to the deprivation category that was most common among the women delivering at their NHS trust.Statistical analysisThe unadjusted rate of caesarean sections for each NHS trust was expressed as a percentage of all live or stillborn births.Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of a woman having had a caesarean section on the basis of her age, ethnicity, level of socioeconomic deprivation, and clinical risk factors for caesarean section. Interactions between maternal age and the clinical risk factors were examined but were not included in the final model because they did not significantly improve the model's fit (likelihood ratio test, P value>0.3). The ability of the logistic model to discriminate between women who had a vaginal delivery and those who had a caesarean section was summarised using the C statistic. A C statistic of 0.5 indicates that the model discriminates no better than chance alone, whereas a value of 1.0 indicates perfect discrimination.23 Hermes belt replica The probabilities of caesarean section for women who delivered at the same NHS trust were summed to give the trust's predicted rate of caesarean section. Risk adjusted rates of caesarean section for each NHS trust were produced by dividing the trust's unadjusted caesarean section rate by its predicted rate, and multiplying this ratio by the national caesarean section rate. An equivalent process was used to produce adjusted rates for rates of emergency and elective caesarean section. However, because there were now three outcomes (vaginal delivery, elective caesarean section, and emergency caesarean section), we used multinomial logistic regression to estimate the probability of each mode of delivery.Funnel plots were used to examine the variation among NHS trusts in both crude and risk adjusted rates of caesarean section.24 These plots "test" whether the rate of caesarean sections of a NHS trust differs significantly from the national rate for England, assuming the trust's rate is only influenced by sampling variation (that is, random errors). The plot contains two funnel limits. Assuming differences arise from random errors alone, the chance of the trust being within the limits is 95% for the inside funnel and 99.8% for the outer funnel. We measured the amount of variation between NHS trusts above that expected from sampling variation by using a random effects approach.24 This estimates an "overdispersion" term that, when added to the sampling variance of each NHS trust, would inflate the funnel limits to fit the observed distribution of caesarean section rates.Differences between groups were tested using the 2 test. All P values were two sided, and those lower than 0.05 hermes men belt replica were judged to be statistically significant. To account for a lack of independence in the data of women treated in the same trust, the standard errors of the regression model coefficients were calculated using a clustered sandwich estimator. STATA (version 10) was used for all statistical calculations.ResultsBetween 1 January and 31 December 2008, 620604 singleton births took place at 146 NHS trusts among women resident in England. Of these, 397573 (64.1%) were normal vaginal deliveries and 75305 (12.1%) were vaginal deliveries in which medical instruments were used. The average age of these women was 28.9 years (SD 6.0 years) and, among the 552290 women with known ethnicity, 124004 (22.5%) were not white.There were 147726 caesarean sections during this period, giving an overall national caesarean section rate of 23.8% for women in England with singleton births. These 147726 caesarean sections consisted of 57892 (9.3%) elective and 89834 (14.5%) emergency procedures.Association Hermes belts replica paris between caesarean section and patient factorsThe proportion of women who had a caesarean section differed according to maternal characteristics and clinical risk factors (table 1). A quarter (25%) of nulliparous women had a caesarean section, whereas only 9% of multiparous women underwent a caesarean section if they had no history of caesarean delivery. Women were more likely to have had a caesarean section if they had previously had a caesarean (71%), their baby had a breech presentation (90%), or they had placenta praevia or placental abruption (85%). Among the 46748 women with a previous caesarean section and who delivered by caesarean, 32493 (70%) had an elective procedure. Similarly, 11151 (57%) of the 19656 women who delivered a breech baby by caesarean had an elective procedure. Overall, 72% of elective caesarean sections (41709/57892) were performed for breech presentation or because of a previous caesarean section.Table 1 Unadjusted rates of caesarean section according to maternal characteristics and clinical risk factorsView this table:View popupView inlineA total of 313987 women, 51% of the overall sample, had none of the specified clinical risk factors for a caesarean section. Just 15431 (4.9%) of these women had a caesarean delivery. These caesarean sections consisted of 4499 (29%) emergency deliveries and 10932 (71%) elective procedures. The proportion of women with no clinical risk factors who had a caesarean section increased with maternal age, ranging from 1.7% (387/22812) for women aged under 20 years to 9.2% (5021/54288) for women aged 35 years or over.Table 2 summarises the risk of a caesarean section associated with the maternal characteristics and clinical risk factors studied. The likelihood of a caesarean section was higher in older women, independent of other risks, and in Afro Caribbean women. The odds ratios of caesarean section were greatest for women who had placenta praevia or placental abruption, previously had caesarean section, or had breech presentation. The influences of other obstetrical complications such as dystocia and fetal distress were significant but less marked. Overall, the regression model discriminated well between women who did and those who did not deliver by caesarean (C statistic=0.86).
Design A cross sectional analysis using routinely collected hospital episode statistics was performed. A multiple logistic regression model was used to estimate the likelihood of women having a caesarean section given their maternal characteristics (age, ethnicity, parity, and socioeconomic deprivation) and clinical risk factors (previous caesarean section, breech presentation, and fetal distress). Adjusted rates of caesarean section for each NHS trust were produced from this model.Setting 146 English NHS trusts.Population Women aged between 15 and 44 years with a singleton birth between 1 January and 31 December 2008.Main outcome measure Rate of caesarean sections per 100 births (live or stillborn).Results Among 620604 singleton births, 147726 (23.8%) were delivered by caesarean section. Women were more likely to have a caesarean section if they had had one previously (70.8%) or had a baby with breech presentation (89.8%). Unadjusted rates of caesarean section among the NHS trusts ranged from 13.6% to 31.9%. Trusts differed in their patient populations, but adjusted rates still ranged from 14.9% to 32.1%. Rates of emergency caesarean section varied between trusts more than rates of elective caesarean section.Conclusion Characteristics of women delivering at NHS trusts differ, and comparing unadjusted rates of caesarean section should be avoided. Adjusted rates of caesarean section still vary considerably and attempts to reduce this variation should examine issues linked to emergency caesarean section.Introduction Since the 1970s, many developed countries have experienced substantial growth in the rates of caesarean section.1 2 3 In England, for example, the rate of caesarean sections has increased from 9% in 1980 to 24.6% in 2008 9.4 5 6 Various reasons have been suggested for this increase, including rising maternal age at first pregnancy, technological advances that have improved the safety of the procedure, changes in women's preferences, and a growing proportion of women who have previously had a caesarean.7 8Nonetheless, there is concern about whether the current high rates of caesarean section are justified because the procedure is not without risk.9 Women may experience complications after caesarean section such as haemorrhage, infection, and thrombosis,10 and they have an increased risk of complications in subsequent pregnancies (such as uterine rupture and placenta praevia).11 12 13 Neonatal complications, although infrequent, include fetal respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, iatrogenic prematurity, and difficulty with bonding and breast feeding.8 9 14Adding to these concerns is evidence of considerable variation in rates of caesarean section within various countries,15 16 17 including the United Kingdom. In 2000, rates of caesarean section for singleton pregnancies in National Health Service (NHS) maternity units in England and Wales ranged from 10% to 43%.5 In April 2004, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) published guidance on caesarean section with the aim of ensuring consistency and quality of care.4 However, recent figures for births in England during 2008 9 show that rates of caesarean section still vary substantially among NHS trusts.6 These figures also appeared to show a north south divide, with higher rates in the south of England.The publication of the 2008 9 figures led to debate about potential causes of the variation in rates of caesarean section. These included differences in the clinical need of local populations, an increase in the number of women without risk factors requesting caesarean sections, a lack of midwives, and different attitudes and practices among professionals.18 19 How much these competing interpretations contributed to the variation is unclear. However, differences between local populations could have been discounted if the figures had been adjusted for maternal characteristics and clinical risk factors.We describe an analysis of NHS trust and regional rates of caesarean section for singleton pregnancies in England to examine whether the variation can be explained by maternal characteristics and clinical risk factors. We use funnel plots to illustrate whether the variation exceeds that expected from random fluctuations alone, and we extend previous work on rates of caesarean section in England5 by examining whether the variation is greater among women having an elective caesarean section or those having an emergency procedure.MethodsThe study used data from the hospital episode statistics database, which contains records of all patient admissions to NHS hospitals in England. Its core fields contain patient demographics and region of residence, and hospital administrative and clinical details. Diagnostic information is coded using the international classification of diseases, 10th revision (ICD 10), and operative procedures are described using the UK Office for Population Censuses and Surveys classification (OPCS), 4th revision. Hospital episode statistics also include additional fields (the "maternity tail") that capture information specific to deliveries, including onset of labour, parity, birth weight, and length of gestation. However, only around 75% of delivery records in the database have information in the maternity tail.DefinitionsWe extracted from the hospital episode statistics database records of women who delivered in English NHS acute trusts between 1 January and 31 December 2008. We restricted the sample to women aged between 15 and 44 years who had a singleton birth, and to NHS trusts whose obstetric units had more than 1000 deliveries in the 12 month period. Deliveries were included if the record contained information about mode of delivery in either the maternity tail or the procedure fields (OPCS codes: R17 to R25). The method of delivery was obtained primarily from the procedure fields. Where data had not been entered to these fields (0.6% of women), information was taken from the maternity tail. An elective caesarean section was defined by OPCS code R17, or by "mode of delivery" code 7 when data were obtained from the maternity tail. An emergency delivery was defined by codes R18 or 8, respectively.Data on maternal age at delivery, ethnicity, and the NHS trust and region of treatment were obtained from the core fields of the hospital episode statistics. Parity was obtained from the maternity tail. Where parity was not available, a woman was labelled as multiparous if she was found to have had a delivery episode in the previous 10 years of data (April 1997 to December 2007). Otherwise, she was assumed to be nulliparous (the median interval between first and second births is three years20). Among the 193637 women with parity data in the maternity tail, there was 84% agreement between the nulliparous and multiparous values derived from the maternity tail and those in imitation hermes belt sale historical data (kappa=0.69). The majority (92%) of disagreements were because a previous pregnancy could not be identified in the historical data.Risk factors for caesarean section were identified using all ICD 10 diagnosis fields (see web appendix for exact definitions), which had been adapted from a previously published classification system.21 A previous caesarean section was defined if any diagnosis code indicated a "uterine scar from previous surgery" (ICD 10: O34.2) among multiparous women or if a woman had delivered by caesarean according to the previous 10 years of hospital episode statistics. Among the 312407 multiparous classifications, there was 91% agreement between the coding of a "uterine scar" and a previous caesarean section in the historical data (kappa=0.66). Most (90%) disagreements arose because a previous caesarean section was found in the historical data for a woman without the coding for a scar.Finally, socioeconomic deprivation was defined using a five category indicator that was derived from the English Indices of Deprivation 2004 ranking of the English super output areas.22 The categories were defined by partitioning the ranks of the 32480 areas into quintiles (for example, 0 20th percentiles, 20 40th percentiles) and were labelled 1 (least deprived) to 5 (most deprived). Women were allocated a category on the basis of their region of residence. Where this was missing (1.1% of women), a woman was allocated to the deprivation category that was most common among the women delivering at their NHS trust.Statistical analysisThe unadjusted rate of caesarean sections for each NHS trust was expressed as a percentage of all live or stillborn births.Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of a woman having had a caesarean section on the basis of her age, ethnicity, level of socioeconomic deprivation, and clinical risk factors for caesarean section. Interactions between maternal age and the clinical risk factors were examined but were not included in the final model because they did not significantly improve the model's fit (likelihood ratio test, P value>0.3). The ability of the logistic model to discriminate between women who had a vaginal delivery and those who had a caesarean section was summarised using the C statistic. A C statistic of 0.5 indicates that the model discriminates no better than chance alone, whereas a value of 1.0 indicates perfect discrimination.23 Hermes belt replica The probabilities of caesarean section for women who delivered at the same NHS trust were summed to give the trust's predicted rate of caesarean section. Risk adjusted rates of caesarean section for each NHS trust were produced by dividing the trust's unadjusted caesarean section rate by its predicted rate, and multiplying this ratio by the national caesarean section rate. An equivalent process was used to produce adjusted rates for rates of emergency and elective caesarean section. However, because there were now three outcomes (vaginal delivery, elective caesarean section, and emergency caesarean section), we used multinomial logistic regression to estimate the probability of each mode of delivery.Funnel plots were used to examine the variation among NHS trusts in both crude and risk adjusted rates of caesarean section.24 These plots "test" whether the rate of caesarean sections of a NHS trust differs significantly from the national rate for England, assuming the trust's rate is only influenced by sampling variation (that is, random errors). The plot contains two funnel limits. Assuming differences arise from random errors alone, the chance of the trust being within the limits is 95% for the inside funnel and 99.8% for the outer funnel. We measured the amount of variation between NHS trusts above that expected from sampling variation by using a random effects approach.24 This estimates an "overdispersion" term that, when added to the sampling variance of each NHS trust, would inflate the funnel limits to fit the observed distribution of caesarean section rates.Differences between groups were tested using the 2 test. All P values were two sided, and those lower than 0.05 hermes men belt replica were judged to be statistically significant. To account for a lack of independence in the data of women treated in the same trust, the standard errors of the regression model coefficients were calculated using a clustered sandwich estimator. STATA (version 10) was used for all statistical calculations.ResultsBetween 1 January and 31 December 2008, 620604 singleton births took place at 146 NHS trusts among women resident in England. Of these, 397573 (64.1%) were normal vaginal deliveries and 75305 (12.1%) were vaginal deliveries in which medical instruments were used. The average age of these women was 28.9 years (SD 6.0 years) and, among the 552290 women with known ethnicity, 124004 (22.5%) were not white.There were 147726 caesarean sections during this period, giving an overall national caesarean section rate of 23.8% for women in England with singleton births. These 147726 caesarean sections consisted of 57892 (9.3%) elective and 89834 (14.5%) emergency procedures.Association Hermes belts replica paris between caesarean section and patient factorsThe proportion of women who had a caesarean section differed according to maternal characteristics and clinical risk factors (table 1). A quarter (25%) of nulliparous women had a caesarean section, whereas only 9% of multiparous women underwent a caesarean section if they had no history of caesarean delivery. Women were more likely to have had a caesarean section if they had previously had a caesarean (71%), their baby had a breech presentation (90%), or they had placenta praevia or placental abruption (85%). Among the 46748 women with a previous caesarean section and who delivered by caesarean, 32493 (70%) had an elective procedure. Similarly, 11151 (57%) of the 19656 women who delivered a breech baby by caesarean had an elective procedure. Overall, 72% of elective caesarean sections (41709/57892) were performed for breech presentation or because of a previous caesarean section.Table 1 Unadjusted rates of caesarean section according to maternal characteristics and clinical risk factorsView this table:View popupView inlineA total of 313987 women, 51% of the overall sample, had none of the specified clinical risk factors for a caesarean section. Just 15431 (4.9%) of these women had a caesarean delivery. These caesarean sections consisted of 4499 (29%) emergency deliveries and 10932 (71%) elective procedures. The proportion of women with no clinical risk factors who had a caesarean section increased with maternal age, ranging from 1.7% (387/22812) for women aged under 20 years to 9.2% (5021/54288) for women aged 35 years or over.Table 2 summarises the risk of a caesarean section associated with the maternal characteristics and clinical risk factors studied. The likelihood of a caesarean section was higher in older women, independent of other risks, and in Afro Caribbean women. The odds ratios of caesarean section were greatest for women who had placenta praevia or placental abruption, previously had caesarean section, or had breech presentation. The influences of other obstetrical complications such as dystocia and fetal distress were significant but less marked. Overall, the regression model discriminated well between women who did and those who did not deliver by caesarean (C statistic=0.86).
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The Importance of Planning for Wealth Transfer
Each year in Canada, billions of dollars in assets are transferred at death. If you plan to transfer all or some of your assets to your heirs, you want to make sure your money goes to the people you selected in the manner you intended. Unfortunately, wealth van cleef baby earrings replica transfers don't always occur as planned. Outlined below are some common mistakes people make when trying to transfer wealth.A basic and all too common mistake is failing to have a will. A will communicates your intentions and allows you and not the government to determine how your assets will be distributed upon your death. Having a will facilitates the administration of your estate and can help you save taxes. However, if you fail to take into account the tax consequences, the wealth transfer may not be equal. Take a simple example in which you have three assets: a Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP), a home and a non registered mutual fund portfolio. Each asset is worth $1 million. You name your first child as beneficiary of you RRSP, and in your will you leave the house to your second child and the mutual funds to your third child. You think you are leaving $1 million to each child, but the reality is that the third child, who is receiving the mutual funds under the will, is going to have his or her share reduced by any tax your estate pays on the RRSP and the mutual funds . Assuming a 40 percent effective tax rate, your estate will pay $400,000 in taxes on the RRSP, in addition to any potential taxes on the deemed disposition of the mutual funds, which we'll assume are $100,000. As a result, the third child will be left with $500,000 significantly less than the $1 million the first and second child each received, and not what you had intended.Another example of failing to consider the tax implication often involves second marriages or separated and estranged spouses. For example, let's say you name your spouse as the beneficiary of your RRSP or RRIF to provide for him or her after your death, and you name your children (perhaps form a previous marriage) as beneficiaries under your will to inherit the rest of your estate. You assume that your spouse will roll over your RRSP or RRIF to his of her own RRSP or RRIF, and pay tax on any withdrawals. But what if your spouse doesn't do this? Instead, he or she just takes the cash. Well, your estate will be responsible for any taxes on the RRSP of RRIF, which effectively means that money comes out of your children's inheritance. Under These circumstances, it is possible that the legal representative of the estate to make a unilateral election to deduct the amount paid form the RRSP or RRIF in the estate. This effectively transfers the income inclusion to the surviving spouse. Alternatively, if you have a RRIF, consider naming your spouse as successor annuitant or Joint Life . This will automatically transfer the RRIF to your spouse on a tax deferred basis.It is important to consider the age of the individual you name as beneficiaries. Remember that generally death benefits cannot be paid directly to minors, so if you name a child as beneficiary the funds often have to be paid into court or to the Public Trustee. In addition, once a minor reaches the age of majority, he or she will be entitled to the funds, without any restrictions.If you want the death benefit to go to a minor , it is recommended that you establish a trust to receive the funds on behalf of the minor . The terms of the trust can set out how you want the funds to be invested and when payments are to be made for the benefit of a minor. If done properly, the trust could qualify as a testamentary trust and benefit from being taxed at the graduated tax Rates.FAILING TO NAME A BENEFICIARY ON INSURANCE POLICES AND CONTRACTSUnless there is a specific reason for having assets flow through your estate, such as to make use of tax losses or deductions or to apply any special instructions contained in the will, it may be a better idea to name a beneficiary directly on an insurance contract where possible. If your will is submitted for probate, it becomes a matter of public record, available for anyone to view. This may delay the distribution of your estate by weeks months or even years if your will is challenged.When a beneficiary other that your estate is named on an insurance policy or investment contract (such as a segregated fund contract), the death benefit bypasses your estate and therefore avoids probate fees (and potentially other estate administration fees). The proceeds are paid directly to the beneficiary, usually within two weeks of receiving all necessary documents. By avoiding your estate, the death benefit may also avoid claims by creditors of the estate and challenges to the validity of the will.If you are planning on making a significant charitable donation at death, steps should be taken to ensure that your estate will be able to use the entire donation receipt. While the limit for claiming donation receipts at death is 100 percent of net income in the year of death and the year prior to death, it is still possible for there to be unused receipts. Individuals making extremely large donations relative to their annual income, who die early in the calendar year of who name a charity as beneficiary of their non registered investment or life insurance policy nave a greater risk of having unused charitable tax credits. Naming a charity as a beneficiary of an RRSP or RRIF is usually not a problem because charitable receipts van be used to offset the tax on the income form the RRSP or RRIF. If you have a spouse with sufficient income, he or she could also claim any unused charitable receipts for the next five years.If you are concerned that you may have unused charitable receipts at death, consider making some charitable donations during your lifetime and reduce your taxes payable now.As you can see, there are many reasons why it is important to plan for a wealth transfer if you don't have a will, arrange for your lawyer to prepare one. Review your will and beneficiary designations regularly, particularly after a life changing event, to ensure they still reflect your wishes and amend or update them as necessary. In addition, meet with your advisor to discuss your wishes for wealth transfer. He or fake van cleef and arpels flower earrings she will be able to help ensure that your assets are fake van cleef arpels alhambra earrings distributed as you wish.
Each year in Canada, billions of dollars in assets are transferred at death. If you plan to transfer all or some of your assets to your heirs, you want to make sure your money goes to the people you selected in the manner you intended. Unfortunately, wealth van cleef baby earrings replica transfers don't always occur as planned. Outlined below are some common mistakes people make when trying to transfer wealth.A basic and all too common mistake is failing to have a will. A will communicates your intentions and allows you and not the government to determine how your assets will be distributed upon your death. Having a will facilitates the administration of your estate and can help you save taxes. However, if you fail to take into account the tax consequences, the wealth transfer may not be equal. Take a simple example in which you have three assets: a Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP), a home and a non registered mutual fund portfolio. Each asset is worth $1 million. You name your first child as beneficiary of you RRSP, and in your will you leave the house to your second child and the mutual funds to your third child. You think you are leaving $1 million to each child, but the reality is that the third child, who is receiving the mutual funds under the will, is going to have his or her share reduced by any tax your estate pays on the RRSP and the mutual funds . Assuming a 40 percent effective tax rate, your estate will pay $400,000 in taxes on the RRSP, in addition to any potential taxes on the deemed disposition of the mutual funds, which we'll assume are $100,000. As a result, the third child will be left with $500,000 significantly less than the $1 million the first and second child each received, and not what you had intended.Another example of failing to consider the tax implication often involves second marriages or separated and estranged spouses. For example, let's say you name your spouse as the beneficiary of your RRSP or RRIF to provide for him or her after your death, and you name your children (perhaps form a previous marriage) as beneficiaries under your will to inherit the rest of your estate. You assume that your spouse will roll over your RRSP or RRIF to his of her own RRSP or RRIF, and pay tax on any withdrawals. But what if your spouse doesn't do this? Instead, he or she just takes the cash. Well, your estate will be responsible for any taxes on the RRSP of RRIF, which effectively means that money comes out of your children's inheritance. Under These circumstances, it is possible that the legal representative of the estate to make a unilateral election to deduct the amount paid form the RRSP or RRIF in the estate. This effectively transfers the income inclusion to the surviving spouse. Alternatively, if you have a RRIF, consider naming your spouse as successor annuitant or Joint Life . This will automatically transfer the RRIF to your spouse on a tax deferred basis.It is important to consider the age of the individual you name as beneficiaries. Remember that generally death benefits cannot be paid directly to minors, so if you name a child as beneficiary the funds often have to be paid into court or to the Public Trustee. In addition, once a minor reaches the age of majority, he or she will be entitled to the funds, without any restrictions.If you want the death benefit to go to a minor , it is recommended that you establish a trust to receive the funds on behalf of the minor . The terms of the trust can set out how you want the funds to be invested and when payments are to be made for the benefit of a minor. If done properly, the trust could qualify as a testamentary trust and benefit from being taxed at the graduated tax Rates.FAILING TO NAME A BENEFICIARY ON INSURANCE POLICES AND CONTRACTSUnless there is a specific reason for having assets flow through your estate, such as to make use of tax losses or deductions or to apply any special instructions contained in the will, it may be a better idea to name a beneficiary directly on an insurance contract where possible. If your will is submitted for probate, it becomes a matter of public record, available for anyone to view. This may delay the distribution of your estate by weeks months or even years if your will is challenged.When a beneficiary other that your estate is named on an insurance policy or investment contract (such as a segregated fund contract), the death benefit bypasses your estate and therefore avoids probate fees (and potentially other estate administration fees). The proceeds are paid directly to the beneficiary, usually within two weeks of receiving all necessary documents. By avoiding your estate, the death benefit may also avoid claims by creditors of the estate and challenges to the validity of the will.If you are planning on making a significant charitable donation at death, steps should be taken to ensure that your estate will be able to use the entire donation receipt. While the limit for claiming donation receipts at death is 100 percent of net income in the year of death and the year prior to death, it is still possible for there to be unused receipts. Individuals making extremely large donations relative to their annual income, who die early in the calendar year of who name a charity as beneficiary of their non registered investment or life insurance policy nave a greater risk of having unused charitable tax credits. Naming a charity as a beneficiary of an RRSP or RRIF is usually not a problem because charitable receipts van be used to offset the tax on the income form the RRSP or RRIF. If you have a spouse with sufficient income, he or she could also claim any unused charitable receipts for the next five years.If you are concerned that you may have unused charitable receipts at death, consider making some charitable donations during your lifetime and reduce your taxes payable now.As you can see, there are many reasons why it is important to plan for a wealth transfer if you don't have a will, arrange for your lawyer to prepare one. Review your will and beneficiary designations regularly, particularly after a life changing event, to ensure they still reflect your wishes and amend or update them as necessary. In addition, meet with your advisor to discuss your wishes for wealth transfer. He or fake van cleef and arpels flower earrings she will be able to help ensure that your assets are fake van cleef arpels alhambra earrings distributed as you wish.