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A history of American political slurs
1836: Martin Van Buren (Democrat) vs. Four Whig Candidates
In 1836 Martin Van Buren narrowly won the presidency against four candidates from the Whig Party, recently organized by former National Republicans. Although united in their hatred of the Jackson administration, the Whigs were unable to rally behind a national candidate. Instead, they nominated men popular in various regions.
Van Buren Whig opponents attacked him in various ways. They denigrated him as illiterate, saying in campaign flyers that his beats round, like a tame bear tied to a stake, in a little circle,van cleef replica necklace, hardly bigger than the circumference of the head in which it is placed. They claimed he was a prim and fussy about his appearance. They accused him of wearing corsets and called him Sweet Sandy Whiskers because he scented his reddish whiskers.
He was labeled the Little Magician and the Red Fox of Kinderhook (the New York town where he was born) to highlight what his enemies saw as slipperiness and lack of principle. They also coined the adjective to describe someone who is evasive or uncommitted in politics. David Crockett, a former congressman who supported fellow Tennessean Hugh White, wrote about Van Buren, is said that at a year old he could laugh on one side of his face and cry on the other, at one and the same time. the Van Buren campaign took a few negative swipes at the Whigs, they concentrated on organizing the voters and keeping party members loyal. This verbal abuse reached a peak in 1864, as the country faced the challenge of a presidential election during wartime. Anti Lincoln newspapers still frequently portrayed the president as an ignorant hick. After Lincoln and Tennessean Andrew Johnson received the Republican nomination, the New York World fulminated: age of statesmen is gone; the age of rail splitters has succeeded In a crisis of the most appalling magnitude the country is asked to consider the claims of two ignorant, boorish, third rate backwoods lawyers. Ignoramus Abe was one of the nicknames flung at him. Others, as recorded by Harper Weekly for September 24, 1864, included Despot, Liar, Thief, Buffoon, and Old Scoundrel.
Not only the press, but the public held Lincoln to blame for the military disasters of the past three years. Even many loyal Republicans questioned whether he should run again. The Radical Republican wing of the party also felt that he had not gone far enough to abolish slavery, and they feared that he would be too conciliatory toward the South after the war. They chose to run Fr
1868: Ulysses Grant (Republican) vs,van cleef flower copy necklace. Horatio Seymour (Democrat)
The 1868 presidential election was mainly about the Civil War. Although hostilities had ended three years earlier, feelings on both sides were still running high. The political parties reflected the sharp sectional differences that continued to divide the country. Republicans, party of Lincoln, ran a Union war hero for president. Democrats, the party of the South, ran a Copperhead.
While General Ulysses S. Grant was an easy choice for Republicans,van cleef flower replica necklace, the Democrats struggled through more than twenty ballots before settling on a dark horse candidate, former New York governor Horatio Seymour. Seymour was flustered by the unexpected nomination. At first he declared that he could not be a candidate. Then he became weepy and was led off the platform by his friends. Although he accepted the nomination immediately afterward, Republicans leaped gleefully on this sign of weakness, labeling Seymour the Great Decliner.
If Seymour was surprised by the nomination, others were stunned. As a Peace Democrat during the war, Seymour had held opinions that many in the Union considered traitorous. Republican newspapers hit this note hard. They reminded voters that then Governor Seymour had addressed the New York draft rioters with the unfortunate phrase, friends. The New York Herald called Seymour embodiment of Copperheadism. The New York Tribune declared that if Seymour could be elected over Grant, patriot blood poured out like water at Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Mission Ridge and in the advance to Richmond was shed in vain. The paper told its readers, a Democrat and you find a Rebel under his skin. lived up to this reputation by running a racist campaign, accusing Grant and the Republicans of wanting to the South. Democrats were bitter that the army had been sent into several Southern states to enforce Reconstruction. They portrayed Grant as a would be military dictator man on horseback and sneered at his campaign slogan, us have peace. The Democratic vice presidential candidate Francis Blair wrote, peace to which Grant invites us is the peace of despotism and death. may have been a hero to most Northerners, but to his critics he was Grant the Butcher. They reminded voters that his battles against the Confederate Army in northern Virginia had been the bloodiest of the war. He had won, but at a terrible cost. Grant had also gained a wartime reputation as a serious alcoholic. The Democrats claimed he had been seen in the public streets even after his nomination. Anti Grant parades featured placards with the slogans the Butcher, the Drunkard, and talks peace but makes war. responded with acts, Seymour talks, Blair blows. They said that Blair was as much a drunkard as anybody, pointing to a two day hotel bill that listed $10 for room and board and $60 for whiskey and lemons. As for Seymour, they hinted that there was insanity in the family.
Grant refused to campaign, which led the Democrats to call him deaf and dumb candidate. However, as Election Day drew near, it became clear that Grant status as a war hero was enough to make him popular with voters. The Democrats began to fear a landslide defeat. One faction of the party clamored for Seymour to step down in favor of Chief Justice Salmon Chase. Seymour embarked on a frantic last minute speaking tour to build support, but to no avail. He carried only eight states.
1884: Grover Cleveland (Democrat) vs. James G. Blaine (Republican)
Words for scoundrels were plentiful during the Gilded Age. Beginning in the 1880s, boodlers were politicians who lined their pockets with profits from bribery, graft, and fraud. Cash that party bosses doled out to reward faithful supporters was also known as boodle.
Boodle is an old word, adopted from New York early Dutch settlers. Originally it meant someone estate or possessions. It later evolved into underworld jargon for counterfeit money and finally into slang for ill gotten gains in general. Such terms as boodler, boodleizing, boodle politician, and the verb to boodle were common in nineteenth century newspaper editorials. For instance, an 1887 Nation editorial declares with exasperation, York is better known all over the world for boodle Aldermen and municipal rings than for anything else. the early twentieth century the word had lost its political meaning. Boodle is now close to being obsolete, but is still used occasionally to mean any kind of contraband.
Even less familiar than boodler these days is the fantastical coinage snollygoster. This word was popularized almost single handedly by a Georgia Democrat named H. J. W. Ham, who traveled around the country during the 1890s with a stump speech titled Snollygoster in Politics. Ham claimed to have first heard the word during an 1848 political debate. He defined a snollygoster as a demagogue or a hypocrite. The Columbus Dispatch for October 28, 1895, captures the spirit of the word with this more elaborate definition: snollygoster is a fellow who wants office, regardless of party, platform or principles, and who, whenever he wins, gets there by the sheer force of monumental talknophical assumnancy. unclear how snollygoster originated. The word may be derived from the German schnelle geister, meaning spirit, but extravagant nonsense words such as lollapalooza and splendiferous were popular during the nineteenth century. Snollygoster may simply be part of this trend.
Snollygoster, although nearly obsolete,van cleef knock off alhambra necklace, enjoyed a brief moment of celebrity in 2009 when British politician Richard Graham used it on his website. After a flap over questionable campaign expenditures, Graham challenged his opponent to publish his expenses that all Gloucester voters could see that he isn a snollygoster.
1904: Theodore Roosevelt (Republican) vs. Alton Parker (Democrat)
Mark Hanna worst fears were realized on September 6, 1901, when an anarchist shot President McKinley at the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. He died eight days later, and Roosevelt assumed the presidency. Hanna was bitter about the turn of events. H. H. Kohlsaat, editor of the Chicago Times Herald, recalls speaking with him on McKinley funeral train. Hanna fumed, told William McKinley it was a mistake to nominate that wild man at Philadelphia Now look, that damned cowboy is president of the United States. dismayed by wild man ascent to the presidency referred to him as His Accidency. This dismissive phrase was first applied to John Tyler when he inherited the presidency from William Henry Harrison in 1841. Accidency is a rarely used word for a chance happening.
Roosevelt deeply resented this title. He was determined to run again and be elected in his own right. The Republican leadership would have preferred a more conventional candidate, but the voters loved his unorthodox style. The New York Sun expressed what many people felt about him with their famously succinct, back handed endorsement. The five word editorial declared: With all thy faults. 1904 election was fairly colorless. Roosevelt adhered to the principle that sitting presidents don campaign. His opponent Alton Parker, chief justice of the New York Court of Appeals, was a deeply reserved man who didn travel and made only a handful of campaign speeches. He couldn begin to compete with the popular Roosevelt. Parker carried only thirteen states, all of them in the South.
On election night, when the returns showed that Roosevelt had won an overwhelming victory, the president turned to his wife and remarked, dear, I am no longer a political accident. He was still savoring his triumph a few days later when Republican politician Joseph Benson Foraker called to pay his respects. Foraker recalls in his memoirs, I was ushered into his office he walked forward briskly to shake hands and welcome me. In doing so he announced with manifest satisfaction, are shaking hands with His Excellency, not His Accidency.'
1912: Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) vs. William Taft (Republican) vs. Theodore Roosevelt (Bull Moose) vs. Eugene Debs (Socialist)
Lunatic fringe is another of Theodore Roosevelt memorable contributions to the language, although he first used it to talk about art rather than politics. In a review of the New York City Armory 1913 exhibit of modernist art, he wrote, have to face the fact that there is apt to be a lunatic fringe among the votaries of any forward movement. In this recent art exhibition the lunatic fringe was fully in evidence, especially in the rooms devoted to the Cubists and Futurists. fringe was quickly adopted as a political term.
1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) vs. Herbert Hoover (Republican)
Many Democratic Party chiefs considered New York governor Franklin D. Roosevelt a weak choice in 1932. He had run as James Cox vice presidential candidate in 1920 but did not have the strong track record of some other presidential hopefuls, including Al Smith, who wanted to run again. It took four votes and aggressive behind the scenes maneuvering to get Roosevelt nominated.
H. L. Mencken commented, was a great convention nominating the weakest candidate before it. How many of the delegates were honestly for him I don know, but [t]here was absolutely nothing in his record to make them eager for him. Political commentator Walter Lippmann described Roosevelt contemptuously as amiable boy scout. choice of John Nance Garner, Speaker of the House, for the second spot on the ticket exacerbated the problem. The popular Texan was much better known and more experienced than Roosevelt. One disappointed Texas colleague complained, a kangaroo ticket. Stronger in the hindquarters than in the front. a platform that promised unemployment relief, sweeping programs to put people back to work, stock market regulation, and the repeal of Prohibition, anyone the Democrats ran would almost certainly have been elected in 1932. The embattled Republicans were stuck with Hoover, who insisted on running again.
The president was now so disliked that audiences often booed him when he made public appearances.
The Republicans did their best, attacking Roosevelt as a radical and a socialist. Hoover predicted economic ruin if the Democratic ticket was elected, saying would grow in the streets of one hundred cities. Republicans also questioned whether Roosevelt was healthy enough to be president polio had left him paralyzed from the waist down since 1921. Roosevelt answered his critics with a vigorous cross country campaign, giving dozens of speeches in front of cheering crowds. He told them, policy is as radical as American liberty, as radical as the Constitution. were obviously convinced. Nearly 58 percent of voters went for the kangaroo ticket.
1836: Martin Van Buren (Democrat) vs. Four Whig Candidates
In 1836 Martin Van Buren narrowly won the presidency against four candidates from the Whig Party, recently organized by former National Republicans. Although united in their hatred of the Jackson administration, the Whigs were unable to rally behind a national candidate. Instead, they nominated men popular in various regions.
Van Buren Whig opponents attacked him in various ways. They denigrated him as illiterate, saying in campaign flyers that his beats round, like a tame bear tied to a stake, in a little circle,van cleef replica necklace, hardly bigger than the circumference of the head in which it is placed. They claimed he was a prim and fussy about his appearance. They accused him of wearing corsets and called him Sweet Sandy Whiskers because he scented his reddish whiskers.
He was labeled the Little Magician and the Red Fox of Kinderhook (the New York town where he was born) to highlight what his enemies saw as slipperiness and lack of principle. They also coined the adjective to describe someone who is evasive or uncommitted in politics. David Crockett, a former congressman who supported fellow Tennessean Hugh White, wrote about Van Buren, is said that at a year old he could laugh on one side of his face and cry on the other, at one and the same time. the Van Buren campaign took a few negative swipes at the Whigs, they concentrated on organizing the voters and keeping party members loyal. This verbal abuse reached a peak in 1864, as the country faced the challenge of a presidential election during wartime. Anti Lincoln newspapers still frequently portrayed the president as an ignorant hick. After Lincoln and Tennessean Andrew Johnson received the Republican nomination, the New York World fulminated: age of statesmen is gone; the age of rail splitters has succeeded In a crisis of the most appalling magnitude the country is asked to consider the claims of two ignorant, boorish, third rate backwoods lawyers. Ignoramus Abe was one of the nicknames flung at him. Others, as recorded by Harper Weekly for September 24, 1864, included Despot, Liar, Thief, Buffoon, and Old Scoundrel.
Not only the press, but the public held Lincoln to blame for the military disasters of the past three years. Even many loyal Republicans questioned whether he should run again. The Radical Republican wing of the party also felt that he had not gone far enough to abolish slavery, and they feared that he would be too conciliatory toward the South after the war. They chose to run Fr
1868: Ulysses Grant (Republican) vs,van cleef flower copy necklace. Horatio Seymour (Democrat)
The 1868 presidential election was mainly about the Civil War. Although hostilities had ended three years earlier, feelings on both sides were still running high. The political parties reflected the sharp sectional differences that continued to divide the country. Republicans, party of Lincoln, ran a Union war hero for president. Democrats, the party of the South, ran a Copperhead.
While General Ulysses S. Grant was an easy choice for Republicans,van cleef flower replica necklace, the Democrats struggled through more than twenty ballots before settling on a dark horse candidate, former New York governor Horatio Seymour. Seymour was flustered by the unexpected nomination. At first he declared that he could not be a candidate. Then he became weepy and was led off the platform by his friends. Although he accepted the nomination immediately afterward, Republicans leaped gleefully on this sign of weakness, labeling Seymour the Great Decliner.
If Seymour was surprised by the nomination, others were stunned. As a Peace Democrat during the war, Seymour had held opinions that many in the Union considered traitorous. Republican newspapers hit this note hard. They reminded voters that then Governor Seymour had addressed the New York draft rioters with the unfortunate phrase, friends. The New York Herald called Seymour embodiment of Copperheadism. The New York Tribune declared that if Seymour could be elected over Grant, patriot blood poured out like water at Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Mission Ridge and in the advance to Richmond was shed in vain. The paper told its readers, a Democrat and you find a Rebel under his skin. lived up to this reputation by running a racist campaign, accusing Grant and the Republicans of wanting to the South. Democrats were bitter that the army had been sent into several Southern states to enforce Reconstruction. They portrayed Grant as a would be military dictator man on horseback and sneered at his campaign slogan, us have peace. The Democratic vice presidential candidate Francis Blair wrote, peace to which Grant invites us is the peace of despotism and death. may have been a hero to most Northerners, but to his critics he was Grant the Butcher. They reminded voters that his battles against the Confederate Army in northern Virginia had been the bloodiest of the war. He had won, but at a terrible cost. Grant had also gained a wartime reputation as a serious alcoholic. The Democrats claimed he had been seen in the public streets even after his nomination. Anti Grant parades featured placards with the slogans the Butcher, the Drunkard, and talks peace but makes war. responded with acts, Seymour talks, Blair blows. They said that Blair was as much a drunkard as anybody, pointing to a two day hotel bill that listed $10 for room and board and $60 for whiskey and lemons. As for Seymour, they hinted that there was insanity in the family.
Grant refused to campaign, which led the Democrats to call him deaf and dumb candidate. However, as Election Day drew near, it became clear that Grant status as a war hero was enough to make him popular with voters. The Democrats began to fear a landslide defeat. One faction of the party clamored for Seymour to step down in favor of Chief Justice Salmon Chase. Seymour embarked on a frantic last minute speaking tour to build support, but to no avail. He carried only eight states.
1884: Grover Cleveland (Democrat) vs. James G. Blaine (Republican)
Words for scoundrels were plentiful during the Gilded Age. Beginning in the 1880s, boodlers were politicians who lined their pockets with profits from bribery, graft, and fraud. Cash that party bosses doled out to reward faithful supporters was also known as boodle.
Boodle is an old word, adopted from New York early Dutch settlers. Originally it meant someone estate or possessions. It later evolved into underworld jargon for counterfeit money and finally into slang for ill gotten gains in general. Such terms as boodler, boodleizing, boodle politician, and the verb to boodle were common in nineteenth century newspaper editorials. For instance, an 1887 Nation editorial declares with exasperation, York is better known all over the world for boodle Aldermen and municipal rings than for anything else. the early twentieth century the word had lost its political meaning. Boodle is now close to being obsolete, but is still used occasionally to mean any kind of contraband.
Even less familiar than boodler these days is the fantastical coinage snollygoster. This word was popularized almost single handedly by a Georgia Democrat named H. J. W. Ham, who traveled around the country during the 1890s with a stump speech titled Snollygoster in Politics. Ham claimed to have first heard the word during an 1848 political debate. He defined a snollygoster as a demagogue or a hypocrite. The Columbus Dispatch for October 28, 1895, captures the spirit of the word with this more elaborate definition: snollygoster is a fellow who wants office, regardless of party, platform or principles, and who, whenever he wins, gets there by the sheer force of monumental talknophical assumnancy. unclear how snollygoster originated. The word may be derived from the German schnelle geister, meaning spirit, but extravagant nonsense words such as lollapalooza and splendiferous were popular during the nineteenth century. Snollygoster may simply be part of this trend.
Snollygoster, although nearly obsolete,van cleef knock off alhambra necklace, enjoyed a brief moment of celebrity in 2009 when British politician Richard Graham used it on his website. After a flap over questionable campaign expenditures, Graham challenged his opponent to publish his expenses that all Gloucester voters could see that he isn a snollygoster.
1904: Theodore Roosevelt (Republican) vs. Alton Parker (Democrat)
Mark Hanna worst fears were realized on September 6, 1901, when an anarchist shot President McKinley at the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. He died eight days later, and Roosevelt assumed the presidency. Hanna was bitter about the turn of events. H. H. Kohlsaat, editor of the Chicago Times Herald, recalls speaking with him on McKinley funeral train. Hanna fumed, told William McKinley it was a mistake to nominate that wild man at Philadelphia Now look, that damned cowboy is president of the United States. dismayed by wild man ascent to the presidency referred to him as His Accidency. This dismissive phrase was first applied to John Tyler when he inherited the presidency from William Henry Harrison in 1841. Accidency is a rarely used word for a chance happening.
Roosevelt deeply resented this title. He was determined to run again and be elected in his own right. The Republican leadership would have preferred a more conventional candidate, but the voters loved his unorthodox style. The New York Sun expressed what many people felt about him with their famously succinct, back handed endorsement. The five word editorial declared: With all thy faults. 1904 election was fairly colorless. Roosevelt adhered to the principle that sitting presidents don campaign. His opponent Alton Parker, chief justice of the New York Court of Appeals, was a deeply reserved man who didn travel and made only a handful of campaign speeches. He couldn begin to compete with the popular Roosevelt. Parker carried only thirteen states, all of them in the South.
On election night, when the returns showed that Roosevelt had won an overwhelming victory, the president turned to his wife and remarked, dear, I am no longer a political accident. He was still savoring his triumph a few days later when Republican politician Joseph Benson Foraker called to pay his respects. Foraker recalls in his memoirs, I was ushered into his office he walked forward briskly to shake hands and welcome me. In doing so he announced with manifest satisfaction, are shaking hands with His Excellency, not His Accidency.'
1912: Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) vs. William Taft (Republican) vs. Theodore Roosevelt (Bull Moose) vs. Eugene Debs (Socialist)
Lunatic fringe is another of Theodore Roosevelt memorable contributions to the language, although he first used it to talk about art rather than politics. In a review of the New York City Armory 1913 exhibit of modernist art, he wrote, have to face the fact that there is apt to be a lunatic fringe among the votaries of any forward movement. In this recent art exhibition the lunatic fringe was fully in evidence, especially in the rooms devoted to the Cubists and Futurists. fringe was quickly adopted as a political term.
1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) vs. Herbert Hoover (Republican)
Many Democratic Party chiefs considered New York governor Franklin D. Roosevelt a weak choice in 1932. He had run as James Cox vice presidential candidate in 1920 but did not have the strong track record of some other presidential hopefuls, including Al Smith, who wanted to run again. It took four votes and aggressive behind the scenes maneuvering to get Roosevelt nominated.
H. L. Mencken commented, was a great convention nominating the weakest candidate before it. How many of the delegates were honestly for him I don know, but [t]here was absolutely nothing in his record to make them eager for him. Political commentator Walter Lippmann described Roosevelt contemptuously as amiable boy scout. choice of John Nance Garner, Speaker of the House, for the second spot on the ticket exacerbated the problem. The popular Texan was much better known and more experienced than Roosevelt. One disappointed Texas colleague complained, a kangaroo ticket. Stronger in the hindquarters than in the front. a platform that promised unemployment relief, sweeping programs to put people back to work, stock market regulation, and the repeal of Prohibition, anyone the Democrats ran would almost certainly have been elected in 1932. The embattled Republicans were stuck with Hoover, who insisted on running again.
The president was now so disliked that audiences often booed him when he made public appearances.
The Republicans did their best, attacking Roosevelt as a radical and a socialist. Hoover predicted economic ruin if the Democratic ticket was elected, saying would grow in the streets of one hundred cities. Republicans also questioned whether Roosevelt was healthy enough to be president polio had left him paralyzed from the waist down since 1921. Roosevelt answered his critics with a vigorous cross country campaign, giving dozens of speeches in front of cheering crowds. He told them, policy is as radical as American liberty, as radical as the Constitution. were obviously convinced. Nearly 58 percent of voters went for the kangaroo ticket.
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