What a transparent proxy is: an easy explanation from freemexy's blog
A proxy is a server that sits between your computer (the client) and the website’s server you are trying to visit (the internet). It can be used to filter, authenticate and cache your requests. A transparent proxy can do precisely that while ‘being invisible,’ or in other words, clients whose traffic is directed through such proxy aren’t aware of its existence.
How does a transparent proxy work?
An ordinary proxy passes your
requests to the internet on your behalf. Your request will first go to a
proxy server, which will then change your private IP address to a
public IP and pass that information on to your destination. The proxy
remembers your private IP address so that once the answer is sent back,
it will recognize that you requested this information and will send it
back to you. Such proxies are usually accessed via specific software or a
browser extension.
Transparent proxies, on the other hand, don’t require client-side configuration. They are set up on the whole network and are invisible to individual clients. You might not even know that your traffic is being routed through a transparent proxy. Contrary to ordinary proxies, it doesn’t modify your information, meaning that the request to the destination server will appear to have come directly from you.
What is a transparent proxy used for?
Setting up proxies on
individual devices is laborious. Hence why transparent proxies are
usually chosen by large organizations and some ISPs. However, there are
more reasons why companies choose to use them:
Censorship and monitoring
Many companies use transparent proxies
to censor the content accessed on their networks. With a proxy, they can
create website whitelists and blacklists for their employees. For
example, they might block social media websites so employees wouldn’t
visit them during working hours. Public organizations such as schools
and libraries use them, too. Some parents might use them so their kids
couldn’t access disturbing content.
Transparent content filtering proxies also help organizations monitor users’ activity. They record what websites were visited during working hours, and how much time was spent on them. They can even log attempts to access restricted content.
Save bandwidth usage
A transparent proxy can also be used for
caching, which helps to save bandwidth. For example, if a company has a
hundred computers that all need to download a specific software update,
it’s enough for one computer to request a download. It will then be
cached and stored on the proxy server. When other computers request the
same software, it will be sent straight from the proxy. The request will
no longer be sent out to the internet and back, reducing bandwidth load
and improving loading times.
Some ISPs in countries with limited bandwidth also use caching proxies. It helps them provide faster and uninterrupted service.
Authenticate users
Some companies that provide public WiFi will
also use a transparent proxy to authenticate users. For example, if you
are trying to log on to your favorite coffee shop’s WiFi, your traffic
will first be directed to a sign-in page. You will only be connected to
the internet after you agree to their terms and conditions. This way,
the coffee shop can verify you as a user and track the websites you
visit while on their network.
Do you need one?
Do you need a transparent proxy?
Transparent proxies were invented many years ago to solve a simple problem – to direct the traffic from devices connected on the same network to the internet. Nowadays, all routers have in-built NAT, which does the same thing. Unless you need to save your company’s data or protect your kids from sensitive content, you probably don’t need a transparent proxy server.
However, if you think that you might need a proxy, you should also consider the following:
A proxy may reduce your internet speed, especially when
authentication is involved. Your device will think that it’s talking
directly to the website’s server, but it will actually be connecting to a
proxy, slowing down the service or even failing to connect. The same
can happen for a fast VPN server, but you will be receiving powerful encryption in return. Also, there are ways to speed up your VPN.
Internet
traffic going through a proxy usually isn’t encrypted and can be
intercepted by hackers. A VPN service, on the other hand, encrypts your
traffic and gives you full control of your privacy.
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