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The case of measles
This article is best viewed as a PDF
Great advances in the development and distribution of vaccines mean that some diseases can be eradicated. Measles is an important case study: efforts to stem the disease have been successful, but uneven political commitment, lack of funds and public fear threaten to undermine the progress.
In 1980, before vaccination was widespread, there were around 4 million cases of measles and an estimated 2.6 million deaths from the disease worldwide1. Childhood mortality targets set by the United Nations, along with accelerated control programmes, have cut the proportion of childhood deaths caused by measles from 7% in 1990 to 1% in 20082.
Ideally, 95% of children need to receive two doses of a measles containing vaccine to interrupt disease transmission. More cases have been registered in 2011 than in any copy yellow gold Van Cleef & Arpels bracelet year since 1996, leading to fears of outbreaks among unvaccinated children.
India India is struggling to reduce deaths from measles3, mainly because of a lack of money and political will to provide two doses of vaccine to all children. There are some indications that this is changing.
Europe More than 30,000 measles cases were reported in 2010, five times more than the annual average for the past five years4. Many have been traced back to a major Bulgarian outbreak in 2009 10. Unfounded fears over the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine have contributed to the resurgence.
Africa Outbreaks have been seen in 28 countries in the past two years5, mainly because of a lack of funding and political commitment to follow up vaccination campaigns, and problems with vaccine delivery. There has also been resistance among some religious groups in Zimbabwe, Botswana, Malawi and South Africa.
FUTURE: FUNDING FEARS AND UNCERTAINTY
Because measles deaths have fallen, vaccination efforts now compete for funding with other diseases, so investment has dropped. Some countries are struggling to introduce the recommended second dose of measles containing vaccine, let alone new vaccines for van cleef and arpels bracelet fake invasive pneumococcal disease and rotavirus, van cleef bracelet replica for example that could save many more lives.
Assuming no catch up immunizations in troubled countries, public health officials predict a worst case scenario in which the deathtoll could exceed 500,000 by 20131.
In a 'status quo' scenario, modest increases in first dose vaccine coverage are complemented by catch up immunizations at about 2008 levels but this still falls short of global eradication.
This article is best viewed as a PDF
Great advances in the development and distribution of vaccines mean that some diseases can be eradicated. Measles is an important case study: efforts to stem the disease have been successful, but uneven political commitment, lack of funds and public fear threaten to undermine the progress.
In 1980, before vaccination was widespread, there were around 4 million cases of measles and an estimated 2.6 million deaths from the disease worldwide1. Childhood mortality targets set by the United Nations, along with accelerated control programmes, have cut the proportion of childhood deaths caused by measles from 7% in 1990 to 1% in 20082.
Ideally, 95% of children need to receive two doses of a measles containing vaccine to interrupt disease transmission. More cases have been registered in 2011 than in any copy yellow gold Van Cleef & Arpels bracelet year since 1996, leading to fears of outbreaks among unvaccinated children.
India India is struggling to reduce deaths from measles3, mainly because of a lack of money and political will to provide two doses of vaccine to all children. There are some indications that this is changing.
Europe More than 30,000 measles cases were reported in 2010, five times more than the annual average for the past five years4. Many have been traced back to a major Bulgarian outbreak in 2009 10. Unfounded fears over the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine have contributed to the resurgence.
Africa Outbreaks have been seen in 28 countries in the past two years5, mainly because of a lack of funding and political commitment to follow up vaccination campaigns, and problems with vaccine delivery. There has also been resistance among some religious groups in Zimbabwe, Botswana, Malawi and South Africa.
FUTURE: FUNDING FEARS AND UNCERTAINTY
Because measles deaths have fallen, vaccination efforts now compete for funding with other diseases, so investment has dropped. Some countries are struggling to introduce the recommended second dose of measles containing vaccine, let alone new vaccines for van cleef and arpels bracelet fake invasive pneumococcal disease and rotavirus, van cleef bracelet replica for example that could save many more lives.
Assuming no catch up immunizations in troubled countries, public health officials predict a worst case scenario in which the deathtoll could exceed 500,000 by 20131.
In a 'status quo' scenario, modest increases in first dose vaccine coverage are complemented by catch up immunizations at about 2008 levels but this still falls short of global eradication.
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