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The Last Prisoner of the Cold War

The following is a script from "The Last Prisoner" which aired on Nov. 29, 2015. Scott Pelley is the correspondent. Michael Rey and Oriana Zill de Granados, producers.

The new opening to Cuba would not have happened without an old fashioned swap. prisons. And the Cubans were holding an American named Alan Gross. government contractor who was setting up Internet connections in Cuba. But the Cuban government said he was a spy. It has been nearly a year since Gross became the lynchpin for the diplomatic breakthrough. But why was he there? And what were his years in prison like? This is the first interview with the last prisoner of the Cold War.

Alan Gross: They threatened to hang me. They threatened to pull out my fingernails. They said I'd never see the light of day. I had to do three things in order to survive, three things every day. I thought about my family that survived the Holocaust. I exercised religiously every day. And I found something every day to laugh at. government's going to get me out of here in the next week or so."

Alan Gross: Oh, I absolutely did for the first two weeks. And then I said to myself, "Where the hell are they? Where are they?" I didn't have any idea I'd be there for five years. I knew I was in trouble. I knew I was in trouble.

Alan Gross was attracted to trouble. He's 66, a native of Maryland, an electronics specialist who spent 20 years making the rounds of war and disaster setting up communications for relief agencies.

Alan Gross: And that's why we say when we, when we would connect, when we'd align the antenna and connect to the satellite, we'd be lighting the candle. We'd light her up. And we did that in a lot of places.

In 2008, the place was Cuba. Agency for International Development. USAID is America's charity, delivering aid all around the world. But in Cuba, its mission was different. USAID asked Gross to set up independent Internet connections for the Jewish community. Only five percent of Cubans were online. But bypassing government censorship was illegal. Still Gross put together an equipment list that would do just that. The key was a device called a "BGAN satellite modem" that made a direct connection to a satellite. On his first trip to Havana, he put a piece of tape over the Hughes 9201 model number and walked his equipment through the airport.

Scott Pelley: So once Cuban customs had cleared your equipment through on that very first trip, you concluded what from that?

Alan Gross: That bringing equipment into Cuba wasn't that difficult. They had every opportunity to stop me from bringing the equipment in, they knew what that equipment was and if they didn't, you know shame on them.

In the spring of 2009, he set up two systems at synagogues. But the people he was helping warned him about getting caught. Gross wrote to his supervisors that the project was "playing knock off van cleef and arpels perlee ring price with fire." It was on his third trip that he spotted trouble.

Alan Gross: I saw a van rolling down the street. And a gentleman was walking next to it with a whip antenna and it looked like a voltage meter, and essentially he was checking for radio transmissions. And he rolled right by the synagogue.

After that, Gross proposed to USAID that he add sophisticated equipment that could mask the BGAN location. And I still had a contract to fulfill.

"I do believe that access to information is a right for everyone, but I have never interfered or participated in any kind of political activity overseas." Scott Pelley: Look, you keep saying you had a contract to fulfill. That's not all that's going on here.

Alan Gross: No, that's it.

Scott Pelley: You believed in the work.

Alan Gross: I do believe that access to information is a knock off van cleef & arpels wedding ring right for everyone, but I have never interfered or participated in any kind of political activity overseas.

Scott Pelley: You were bringing free speech to an oppressed people under the nose of a government that did not want that to knock off van cleef and arpels perlee ring happen.

Alan Gross: Three billion people every day log on to the Internet around the world, how could that be circumventing the government? Now, it might sound a little bit naive. So I'm naive.

Scott Pelley: Mr. Gross, you can tell me that you.

Alan Gross: You can call me Alan.

Scott Pelley: Alan, you can tell me that you believed in what you were doing, but you can't tell me you didn't know what you were doing.

Alan Gross: I knew exactly what I was doing. I was setting up Internet connectivity for the Jewish community in Cuba. It was very simple, get 'em connected. That was it.

But it ceased to be simple on his fifth trip when four men pulled him out of his Havana hotel. He was driven to a police station where a man who seemed to be a doctor ordered him to take a pill he said was a sedative.

Alan Gross: So I took the pill, he gave me a juice box and as I'm drinking the juice box, swallowing the pill, he says, 'that's right, drink, drink." And I thought I was in an old Humphrey Bogart movie. And they took me to a hospital, they took my clothes, they gave me these striped pajamas.

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