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Ouyang autumn eyebrow emerald 4C2T1V classification and evaluation principles
Emerald is the gem of the east, from the sky of stone. The moment from Burma to the emperors of the Qing Dynasty in China didomed to replica gold plated love bracelet not being a gem in general. In ancient times, emerald was the relic of Shintoism. In ancient South America, the Maya believed jadeite was more valuable than gold. The imperial and aristocrats in Qing Dynasty in China regarded the emerald as a treasure. In the early Republic of China, a piece of fine emerald in Shanghai was worth more than a big house . Admittedly, the value of emerald in the eyes of people is priceless Even today, to assess the value of emerald is not easy: it can be more than 100 yuan of low-grade goods, it can be tens of millions of high-quality collection of the best The difference is like clouds of mud. This is because jadeite polycrystalline aggregates of multi-mineral, color germplasm varied, and the coarse grains of the crystal particles also affect the transparency, even with the same piece of raw materials will have different levels, and in addition to the value of the material itself, Emerald raw materials have been meticulously processed into finished products, its value also will rise; Because of its changeable and complex, so no one has been able to provide an accurate quote for Jade Ouyang Qiu Mei that evaluation of jade is not easy, But not without reason. After many years of investigation and data collection, Ouyang Qiu Mei concluded a set of rating system of jade, which will be summarized as '4C2T1V':
Although this rating system can not be used as a reference for quotation, it can help consumers to identify the difference between the grades of emerald, and then follow its grade (high, medium and low) to find out its relative value according to market positioning. This method is to line the traditional pricing methods, with '4C2TIV' principle will be specific as the evaluation of the order, it should be color, species, quality, work. Look at the color; look at the species and quality; then see the workers. This is a positive number that determines the value of emerald. The flaws and cracks are the negative values that determine the value of jadeite. Finally, the value of jadeite is adjusted according to its size: precious stones, including emerald, whose color is an important factor determining their value, and materials (including gems and jade ) Is the color of the light irradiation, into the naked eye to feel and identify and determine the strength of the light source, the color temperature will affect the good or bad the perception of color, so in judging the color of jade, you should pay attention to the light in general, the color is By hue, hue and color of the three elements presented in the human eye, through these three elements, together with the color uniformity of grading, is the emerald color grading, according to the author's research summarized as copy love bracelet with screwdriver thick (color), is (Hue), fresh (color), uniform (uniform) four principles of color concentration, refers to its saturation, but also metaphor for the color depth, very thick black, and very pale to colorless (white), at The change between this concentration is the concentration of 'If pure green ink, for example, the saturation of 100 (that is, the darkest), and then has been diluted proportionally, its saturation will be reduced, The color gradually fades until it is completely colorless, the saturation is equal to zero. '
In the evaluation of emerald color, the concentration of color can be said with or without color, color, how much shades how. The color depth is more intuitive, the average person can be observed, the problem is how to grade, most people only the color depth, medium and shallow degree. The color is used to the color depth of shades into one hundred percent, 100 color is the most concentrated green, 90 color times, and so on. For the convenience of assessment, see the table below is positive, refers to the purity of color, color is the three primary colors (PRIMARY
COLOR) such as red, blue, green and so on. Imagine, the average primary color of the three primary colors placed in a circular color basin, and the color is derived from the three primary colors of the change, such as positive red to positive yellow orange will be derived from changes in the positive yellow to blue also have green, etc. . The color of any color in this basin is hue. In the hue does not change black, white, gray green jade hue changes between yellow to blue, with a positive green is the best. The purity of color has a great influence on the level of its value. The same green emerald, high-grade emerald green, relatively, the color is partial to the value of emerald there is a great distance, and the degree of color cast and bias what color has a great impact on its value; general Green is of the highest value, while a little yellowish is slightly less valuable, but less serious, but a bluer color can greatly damage its value. (See table below)
Emerald polycrystalline aggregates, the composition of emerald particles of different thickness, crystal form and combination of different ways, you can let the light through the ability to vary. Because the emerald is mostly translucent to opaque, excellent translucent emerald very few, if the light through the jade more, the higher its transparency, was crystal-clear feeling, insiders called the phenomenon of 'head' Foot, or 'kind'. On the contrary, when the ability of Jade transparent light, it will be rated as 'head' or 'bad'. Good translucent jade people can make people have a feeling of moisture, and the color 'release' to make the color dark jade and uneven color of the jade due to good light and improve the good, the line said: 'kind of cover Three ugly. ' On the contrary, poor translucent emerald, even if no matter how good the color, it can not climb to high status. Therefore, the translucency also accounts for a large proportion when assessing the grade of emerald. And even some insiders believe that light is better than the color is more important in the assessment of the translucent jade light spotlight into the emerald depth to distinguish, according to the depth of light according to depth, translucent can be divided into different head, A more quantitative name for the call: 3mm depth of a sub-water, 6mm depth sub-water, 9mm is the third sub-water. And then the level of its head fixed to a different species name. (See table below)
Emerald structure refers to the thickness of the crystal, shape and combination of ways; in the industry as 'land', 'bottom' or 'quality.' Emerald finished structure of the good or bad of its aesthetic and durability have a great impact, so the texture is an important part of evaluation of emerald In fact, the structure and the translucent has an inseparable relationship: When the texture of the more detailed, the naked eye is Difficult to see the particles, the higher the light transmission, must be very close, Yifa crystal transparent. The thicker the texture, the naked eye to see the particles, the worse the light transmission. Second, the texture has an important effect on the degree of reflectivity: the fine texture, the better the degree of polishing, the better the surface reflectivity, the so-called rigid, greatly increasing the beauty of jadeite, the jadeite with pit taste in the industry refers to fine texture Emerald. On the contrary, the coarse texture is due to the crystal orientation is non-directional, thus affecting the degree of polishing caused by poor polishing, the so-called reflective weak As most jadeite are medium to coarse grain structure, so the structure is very thin jade in nature is very rare, That is extremely rare, its value is also increased, while the quality of coarse jade will also fall in value. (See table below)
It should be noted that the finished jadeite is roughly divided into light body (no sculpture) and carved to divide, which light body (no sculpture), including egg surface, horse eye shape, saddle shape, heart shape and bracelet. The carved finished product will be divided according to the size of the carved area. From a raw material evaluation point of view alone, finished products on the optical purity requirements, can not be cracked and obvious flaws, so the value of the higher assessment. The carved finished product and more to remove the flaws in the raw material itself to do, the overall value of the anti-carving will be too much to reduce the extent, so the same color, variety, quality, the value of the finished product Rating will be higher than the finished carved. Of course, the artistic value of carving may also increase the value of the finished product, but most appear on the finished product at a lower price. However, the contribution to the value of a high-end finished product may instead be negative. The rating of this chapter is based on finished products of finished products, which are not elaborated here due to the added value of finished products. A) Dot shape: This kind of dot defects has obvious difference with the color of surrounding jadeite. By mineral composition can be divided into black flaws (black) and white flaws (white flowers). In general, dark emeralds often contain black blemishes, while light emeralds often contain white blemishes. B) Filaments: Filamentary blemishes are mainly composed of fibrous minerals, most of which are brown in color and resemble tobacco, making the color of emerald appear Darker In addition, there is a kind of filamentous flaw is white, and sometimes appear in the surface, it will reduce the light transmittance and freshness, which the expert calls 'white flowers top.' Also affect the emerald translucent c) film-like: black and brown, is caused by secondary minerals. These black and brown secondary minerals, the emerald appears to be 'dirty', affecting the purity of the color, thus reducing the appearance and value Jade Clarity can be flawed and the bottom and the color contrast, the shape of defects, Size, and its location, the overall impact on aesthetic appearance to varying degrees. Such as dark jade white flowers than light-colored jade appear as serious. To know is that flaws on the high prices, especially the very high price of jade big impact on the low price of jade less affected in front of the evaluation of emerald all the factors that are now talking about the color, species, quality, engineering, Clarity, the same crack under the premise of the type of volume and its impact on value. For high-priced jade, the volume of the greater impact on the price, but with other gems are different because of its complexity and variability of the structure, the value of jade and the size alone can not be quoted price, but should its type Relative to the loss of raw materials (because of the need to use more jade raw materials, the finished product will be higher bid) and the difficulty of grading and graded. The good jade raw material is calculated according to pounds two, so when we evaluate the finished jade jewelry, jade goods is very important. Different types of goods need to use the different amount (weight), you can first without carving and carved to points, of which there is no higher emerald grade carved, and then separated from the level of jade jewelry, according to the price of raw materials to Speaking, bracelets and beads need to use the most material, so the evaluation to consider this factor. One kilogram of emerald raw material is normal can do 3 3.5 bracelets. By weight, under normal circumstances, a string of 9mm diameter beads used in raw materials can make two bracelets, but by volume the bracelet material is much more difficult to do than beads, beads beads than each beads each jadeite The smaller, easy to avoid cracks, bracelets in this volume without crack, flawless much more. So in the evaluation of bracelet prices, we must consider the volume of this positive factor. So full color, color is good, see through, fine, cracked jade bracelet that can be sold 20 million Hong Kong dollar is not a weird thing. Emerald bracelets in the United States in fact rare in the world: because the color is good, see through, fine emerald color was the main root color output, root jade is easy to produce multiple cracks, to make the ring surface easier to do Into a larger bracelet is hard and difficult. The same high-grade varieties, size 14x12mm jade ring and bracelet face price ratio, up to 100 times to 150 times. In other words, the price of making a ring surface is HK $ 10,000, then a full bracelet will be made and the price will be 1.5 million Hong Kong dollars. This type of product evaluation will also be higher because it requires a certain proportion, a certain thickness, immaculate, At fake cartier new love bracelet the same time, the larger the size of the egg surface, the higher its value. High-grade egg noodles, the growth of its length for each 1MM, the value of the increase in multiples. In the spring of 2000, Christie's Hong Kong auctioned an emerald egg with color, type, quality and shape at a price of HK $ 13000000 (HK $ 13 million), breaking the auction record again. In jade jewelry, , Chicken heart, horse eyes, saddle and other light-body products, the required thickness less than the egg-shaped ring surface, so the evaluation to take into account its volume factor, the value of no egg surface high. From the auction situation in recent years, did not reach the record of 10 million Hong Kong dollars, only a pair of emerald double-loop earrings, the auction price up to 11 million Hong Kong dollars In summary, we can easily see that it is not easy to evaluate jade Too many factors to consider. Different factors can combine thousands of different quality levels. An emerald retail market supervisor once complained to the author, saying some jade goods pricing guidelines, very elusive; however, does not mean that the value of emerald is disorderly. I believe that after the separation of jade grade, the market conditions for comparison, in order to draw the right value In the real market, we use the principle of 4C2TIV looking for jade grade, imagine, in front of a cupboard, respectively, from top to bottom Have representatives of the most upscale, high-grade, high profile, mid-range, middle and low and low drawer, in the assessment of emerald color, type, quality, the level of workers, and then by the flaws and the severity of the crack adjustment, and consider its size The seven factors that will be positioned to fit in that one drawer. Of course, we still need to constantly examine the changes in the market as the market demand and supply and the taste of jade in different regions will also have his and hers love bracelets replica a decisive influence on the value of the finished product.Today In the present Fashion people would choose replica cartier leve bangleyell
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Emerald is the gem of the east, from the sky of stone. The moment from Burma to the emperors of the Qing Dynasty in China didomed to replica gold plated love bracelet not being a gem in general. In ancient times, emerald was the relic of Shintoism. In ancient South America, the Maya believed jadeite was more valuable than gold. The imperial and aristocrats in Qing Dynasty in China regarded the emerald as a treasure. In the early Republic of China, a piece of fine emerald in Shanghai was worth more than a big house . Admittedly, the value of emerald in the eyes of people is priceless Even today, to assess the value of emerald is not easy: it can be more than 100 yuan of low-grade goods, it can be tens of millions of high-quality collection of the best The difference is like clouds of mud. This is because jadeite polycrystalline aggregates of multi-mineral, color germplasm varied, and the coarse grains of the crystal particles also affect the transparency, even with the same piece of raw materials will have different levels, and in addition to the value of the material itself, Emerald raw materials have been meticulously processed into finished products, its value also will rise; Because of its changeable and complex, so no one has been able to provide an accurate quote for Jade Ouyang Qiu Mei that evaluation of jade is not easy, But not without reason. After many years of investigation and data collection, Ouyang Qiu Mei concluded a set of rating system of jade, which will be summarized as '4C2T1V':
Although this rating system can not be used as a reference for quotation, it can help consumers to identify the difference between the grades of emerald, and then follow its grade (high, medium and low) to find out its relative value according to market positioning. This method is to line the traditional pricing methods, with '4C2TIV' principle will be specific as the evaluation of the order, it should be color, species, quality, work. Look at the color; look at the species and quality; then see the workers. This is a positive number that determines the value of emerald. The flaws and cracks are the negative values that determine the value of jadeite. Finally, the value of jadeite is adjusted according to its size: precious stones, including emerald, whose color is an important factor determining their value, and materials (including gems and jade ) Is the color of the light irradiation, into the naked eye to feel and identify and determine the strength of the light source, the color temperature will affect the good or bad the perception of color, so in judging the color of jade, you should pay attention to the light in general, the color is By hue, hue and color of the three elements presented in the human eye, through these three elements, together with the color uniformity of grading, is the emerald color grading, according to the author's research summarized as copy love bracelet with screwdriver thick (color), is (Hue), fresh (color), uniform (uniform) four principles of color concentration, refers to its saturation, but also metaphor for the color depth, very thick black, and very pale to colorless (white), at The change between this concentration is the concentration of 'If pure green ink, for example, the saturation of 100 (that is, the darkest), and then has been diluted proportionally, its saturation will be reduced, The color gradually fades until it is completely colorless, the saturation is equal to zero. '
In the evaluation of emerald color, the concentration of color can be said with or without color, color, how much shades how. The color depth is more intuitive, the average person can be observed, the problem is how to grade, most people only the color depth, medium and shallow degree. The color is used to the color depth of shades into one hundred percent, 100 color is the most concentrated green, 90 color times, and so on. For the convenience of assessment, see the table below is positive, refers to the purity of color, color is the three primary colors (PRIMARY
COLOR) such as red, blue, green and so on. Imagine, the average primary color of the three primary colors placed in a circular color basin, and the color is derived from the three primary colors of the change, such as positive red to positive yellow orange will be derived from changes in the positive yellow to blue also have green, etc. . The color of any color in this basin is hue. In the hue does not change black, white, gray green jade hue changes between yellow to blue, with a positive green is the best. The purity of color has a great influence on the level of its value. The same green emerald, high-grade emerald green, relatively, the color is partial to the value of emerald there is a great distance, and the degree of color cast and bias what color has a great impact on its value; general Green is of the highest value, while a little yellowish is slightly less valuable, but less serious, but a bluer color can greatly damage its value. (See table below)
Emerald polycrystalline aggregates, the composition of emerald particles of different thickness, crystal form and combination of different ways, you can let the light through the ability to vary. Because the emerald is mostly translucent to opaque, excellent translucent emerald very few, if the light through the jade more, the higher its transparency, was crystal-clear feeling, insiders called the phenomenon of 'head' Foot, or 'kind'. On the contrary, when the ability of Jade transparent light, it will be rated as 'head' or 'bad'. Good translucent jade people can make people have a feeling of moisture, and the color 'release' to make the color dark jade and uneven color of the jade due to good light and improve the good, the line said: 'kind of cover Three ugly. ' On the contrary, poor translucent emerald, even if no matter how good the color, it can not climb to high status. Therefore, the translucency also accounts for a large proportion when assessing the grade of emerald. And even some insiders believe that light is better than the color is more important in the assessment of the translucent jade light spotlight into the emerald depth to distinguish, according to the depth of light according to depth, translucent can be divided into different head, A more quantitative name for the call: 3mm depth of a sub-water, 6mm depth sub-water, 9mm is the third sub-water. And then the level of its head fixed to a different species name. (See table below)
Emerald structure refers to the thickness of the crystal, shape and combination of ways; in the industry as 'land', 'bottom' or 'quality.' Emerald finished structure of the good or bad of its aesthetic and durability have a great impact, so the texture is an important part of evaluation of emerald In fact, the structure and the translucent has an inseparable relationship: When the texture of the more detailed, the naked eye is Difficult to see the particles, the higher the light transmission, must be very close, Yifa crystal transparent. The thicker the texture, the naked eye to see the particles, the worse the light transmission. Second, the texture has an important effect on the degree of reflectivity: the fine texture, the better the degree of polishing, the better the surface reflectivity, the so-called rigid, greatly increasing the beauty of jadeite, the jadeite with pit taste in the industry refers to fine texture Emerald. On the contrary, the coarse texture is due to the crystal orientation is non-directional, thus affecting the degree of polishing caused by poor polishing, the so-called reflective weak As most jadeite are medium to coarse grain structure, so the structure is very thin jade in nature is very rare, That is extremely rare, its value is also increased, while the quality of coarse jade will also fall in value. (See table below)
It should be noted that the finished jadeite is roughly divided into light body (no sculpture) and carved to divide, which light body (no sculpture), including egg surface, horse eye shape, saddle shape, heart shape and bracelet. The carved finished product will be divided according to the size of the carved area. From a raw material evaluation point of view alone, finished products on the optical purity requirements, can not be cracked and obvious flaws, so the value of the higher assessment. The carved finished product and more to remove the flaws in the raw material itself to do, the overall value of the anti-carving will be too much to reduce the extent, so the same color, variety, quality, the value of the finished product Rating will be higher than the finished carved. Of course, the artistic value of carving may also increase the value of the finished product, but most appear on the finished product at a lower price. However, the contribution to the value of a high-end finished product may instead be negative. The rating of this chapter is based on finished products of finished products, which are not elaborated here due to the added value of finished products. A) Dot shape: This kind of dot defects has obvious difference with the color of surrounding jadeite. By mineral composition can be divided into black flaws (black) and white flaws (white flowers). In general, dark emeralds often contain black blemishes, while light emeralds often contain white blemishes. B) Filaments: Filamentary blemishes are mainly composed of fibrous minerals, most of which are brown in color and resemble tobacco, making the color of emerald appear Darker In addition, there is a kind of filamentous flaw is white, and sometimes appear in the surface, it will reduce the light transmittance and freshness, which the expert calls 'white flowers top.' Also affect the emerald translucent c) film-like: black and brown, is caused by secondary minerals. These black and brown secondary minerals, the emerald appears to be 'dirty', affecting the purity of the color, thus reducing the appearance and value Jade Clarity can be flawed and the bottom and the color contrast, the shape of defects, Size, and its location, the overall impact on aesthetic appearance to varying degrees. Such as dark jade white flowers than light-colored jade appear as serious. To know is that flaws on the high prices, especially the very high price of jade big impact on the low price of jade less affected in front of the evaluation of emerald all the factors that are now talking about the color, species, quality, engineering, Clarity, the same crack under the premise of the type of volume and its impact on value. For high-priced jade, the volume of the greater impact on the price, but with other gems are different because of its complexity and variability of the structure, the value of jade and the size alone can not be quoted price, but should its type Relative to the loss of raw materials (because of the need to use more jade raw materials, the finished product will be higher bid) and the difficulty of grading and graded. The good jade raw material is calculated according to pounds two, so when we evaluate the finished jade jewelry, jade goods is very important. Different types of goods need to use the different amount (weight), you can first without carving and carved to points, of which there is no higher emerald grade carved, and then separated from the level of jade jewelry, according to the price of raw materials to Speaking, bracelets and beads need to use the most material, so the evaluation to consider this factor. One kilogram of emerald raw material is normal can do 3 3.5 bracelets. By weight, under normal circumstances, a string of 9mm diameter beads used in raw materials can make two bracelets, but by volume the bracelet material is much more difficult to do than beads, beads beads than each beads each jadeite The smaller, easy to avoid cracks, bracelets in this volume without crack, flawless much more. So in the evaluation of bracelet prices, we must consider the volume of this positive factor. So full color, color is good, see through, fine, cracked jade bracelet that can be sold 20 million Hong Kong dollar is not a weird thing. Emerald bracelets in the United States in fact rare in the world: because the color is good, see through, fine emerald color was the main root color output, root jade is easy to produce multiple cracks, to make the ring surface easier to do Into a larger bracelet is hard and difficult. The same high-grade varieties, size 14x12mm jade ring and bracelet face price ratio, up to 100 times to 150 times. In other words, the price of making a ring surface is HK $ 10,000, then a full bracelet will be made and the price will be 1.5 million Hong Kong dollars. This type of product evaluation will also be higher because it requires a certain proportion, a certain thickness, immaculate, At fake cartier new love bracelet the same time, the larger the size of the egg surface, the higher its value. High-grade egg noodles, the growth of its length for each 1MM, the value of the increase in multiples. In the spring of 2000, Christie's Hong Kong auctioned an emerald egg with color, type, quality and shape at a price of HK $ 13000000 (HK $ 13 million), breaking the auction record again. In jade jewelry, , Chicken heart, horse eyes, saddle and other light-body products, the required thickness less than the egg-shaped ring surface, so the evaluation to take into account its volume factor, the value of no egg surface high. From the auction situation in recent years, did not reach the record of 10 million Hong Kong dollars, only a pair of emerald double-loop earrings, the auction price up to 11 million Hong Kong dollars In summary, we can easily see that it is not easy to evaluate jade Too many factors to consider. Different factors can combine thousands of different quality levels. An emerald retail market supervisor once complained to the author, saying some jade goods pricing guidelines, very elusive; however, does not mean that the value of emerald is disorderly. I believe that after the separation of jade grade, the market conditions for comparison, in order to draw the right value In the real market, we use the principle of 4C2TIV looking for jade grade, imagine, in front of a cupboard, respectively, from top to bottom Have representatives of the most upscale, high-grade, high profile, mid-range, middle and low and low drawer, in the assessment of emerald color, type, quality, the level of workers, and then by the flaws and the severity of the crack adjustment, and consider its size The seven factors that will be positioned to fit in that one drawer. Of course, we still need to constantly examine the changes in the market as the market demand and supply and the taste of jade in different regions will also have his and hers love bracelets replica a decisive influence on the value of the finished product.
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